SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES FOR NRECA George McClellan February 2015
[email protected]
Agenda Introduction to REC Solar Photovoltaic Array Types Solar Photovoltaic Array Costs Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) Common Solar Module types and their uses Factors to be aware of while making module purchase decisions
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Who is REC?
Casting and cutting
Cell Processing and surface treatment
Module Assembly
Project services
Wafer
Cells
Module
Solutions
Founded in Norway, leading integrated global provider of solar energy solutions Strong and reputable brand in the industry – Top Ten Manufacturer Manufacturer of solar panels with quality above industry standards More than 15 years of experience Around 1,300 employees globally with 2014 revenues of approx 780 million*
*2014 financials still under audit 3
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REC – a global company
Oslo, Norway London, UK Paris, France Sacramento, CA San Luis Obispo, CA
New York, NY Huntersville, NC
Munich, Germany Milan, Italy Barcelona, Spain Dubai, UAE
Shanghai, China New Delhi, India
Tokyo, Japan
Bangkok, Thailand Singapore
Corporate Headquarters Operational Headquarters Legal entities Solar representative
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Melbourne, Australia
All REC Modules are Manufactured at our Fully Automated, Vertically Integrated Factory in Singapore
REC Module Plant • 1.3 GWp capacity / 99.4% utilization • 5 Module lines • 8 Operators/line • total 650 Modules / hour
RIGHT HERE AT REC 5
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REC production plant, Tuas, Singapore
Why go solar? The cost of installed solar PV has dropped 40% over the last 3 years
– Most of the meat has been picked off the bone with respect to reduction in system costs – now is the time to move forward! Many of the US energy markets have reached grid parity Solar PV is clean renewable energy Unlevered pre-tax IRRs percentages are becoming attractive Guaranteed Performance for 25 years
– No moving parts!
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Customer Applications Solar Photovoltaic (PV) arrays can be classified into one of these groups
Residential 5-10 kWp 7
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Commercial & Industrial 200 kWp – 2 MWp
Utility Scale 2 MWp – 50 MWp
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) LCOE = Total Life Cycle Cost ($) / Total Lifetime Energy Production (kWh) Costs ($)
Initial investment or capital cost O&M and operating expenses Financing costs Insurance costs State and federal income taxes Property taxes Required return on investment Decommissioning or removal Incentives ($)
Federal tax credit Accelerated depreciation (MACRS) Incentive revenue Energy (kWh)
Estimated Annual Energy Production Annual degradation System availability 8
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PV System Costs Junction box & Permitting distribution boxes 2% 2%
Grounding cable 1% management .75%
Cabling 6% Inverters 9%
Modules 30%
Design and Engineering 12%
Mounting structures 18%
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Installation 19%
Monitoring System .25%
60 Cell Module REC Peak Energy (PE) series 60 Cell Power output 250-265Wp Silver/Black Frame 600/1000 VDC UL Certified -0/+5Wp tolerance IP 67 JBox with MC4 Connectors 25 Year linear power output warranty 10 year materials and workmanship warranty Best used for residential rooftops, small off-grid
systems, small commercial rooftops
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Residential and Small Commercial
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Small Scale Ground Mount (100 kW)
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72 Cell Module REC Peak Energy (PE) series 72 Cell Power output 295-315 Wp 1000/1500 VDC Certified -0/+5Wp tolerance IP 67 JBox with MC4 Connectors 25 Year linear power output warranty 10 year materials and workmanship warranty Greater surface area covered by panel
reduces overall installation time Reduces use of clamps and bolts Lower overall cost per installed watt Best used for utility scale ground mounts,
some C&I rooptops
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Utility Ground Mount
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Utility Ground Mount Single-Axis Tracking Single-Axis Tracking – prevalent in higher-insolation US utility installations
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1500 VDC cost savings
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High Efficiency Module REC TwinPeak SunPower X21 Series Sanyo HIT Series Power output 270-320 Wp Silver/Black Frame Multi or Monocrystalline 1000 VDC Certified 25 Year linear power output warranty 10 year materials and workmanship warranty Best used for residential rooftops, small off-grid
systems, small commercial rooftops where installation space is a premium.
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Benchmarking Power Density Module Power Density – allows for same output system to take less space, or allows greater total system size on available area
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High-Efficiency modules Maximize system output when space is limited
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Factors to be aware of while making module purchase decisions Financial Stability of module manufacturer Module performance in all lighting conditions Module assembly locations(s) and product mix Module in-field failure rate Module Warranty Claim process and limitations Installation restrictions
– Wind and Snow Loads – Environmental restrictions (high ammonia environments, etc) Decommissioning/removal costs
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Many industry leaders have filed for bankruptcy or been pushed out of the market 2011
2012
2013
Bankruptcies Exit business Capacity oversupply drove as many as 200 companies out of business Large conglomerates like Siemens, Samsung, Bosch, GE and BP refocused on core
business Large pure play companies (Suntech, Conergy, Qcells ) forced to file for bankruptcy
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% efficiency with respect to 1000W/M2
Module Efficiency in all light conditions
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101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 200 W/M2
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400 W/M2
600 W/M2
REC 250 PE BLK US Yingli YL 250 P Poly CSI CS6P 250 Poly Suniva ART 245 Mono
800 W/M2
1000 W/M2
Factors to be aware of while making module purchase decisions Module assembly locations(s) and product mix Module in-field failure rate Module Warranty Claim process and limitations Installation restrictions
– Wind and Snow Loads – Environmental restrictions (high ammonia environments, etc) Decommissioning/removal costs
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Product Failure Bathtub Curve
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Focus on Operational Excellence 100% Controlled Robotics Soldering
100% controlled induction soldering
Automated interconnection soldering for accurate placement and consistent good soldering 25
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Dual Interconnection Preparation unit
Manual soldering at a Chinese module assembly site – NOT REC
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Factors to be aware of while making module purchase decisions Module in-field failure rate
– Module failure rate is very low, quality design and installation will help keep it low Module Warranty Claim process and limitations Installation restrictions
– Wind and Snow Loads – Environmental restrictions (high ammonia environments, etc) Decommissioning/removal costs
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Solar Modules Survive Hail Hail Resistance – Virginia, 23 March 2012 - “Attached is a picture of hail from a storm that hit one of my PV customers. It landed during a tornado watch. They say it averaged about 1" in diameter. There were dented cars, neighbors with broken windows and destroyed vinyl siding but apparently NO damage to the PV modules.”
Hail damage photo courtesy DIRECT CONNECT SOLAR & ELECTRIC LLC 28
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Avoid walking on modules
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Avoid walking on modules
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In review Solar Photovoltaic Array Types
– Residential – C&I – Utiltity Solar Photovoltaic Array Costs
– Not just about capex Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
– Understanding the financials of solar Common Solar Module types and their uses
– 60 cell – 72 cell – High-efficiency modules Factors to be aware of while making module purchase decisions
– Not all modules are the same
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Thank you for your time – Any questions?
[email protected]
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