CMS – what is it and why is it relevant? NCNC Conference 2014
Tonje F. Gravås Senior Adviser National Unit for Lifelong Guidance, Vox
02.06.2014 • Side 2
I don`t pretend I have all the answers. But the questions are certainly worth thinking about. Arthur C. Clarke
What is the purpose of career guidance?
That individuals develop the skills needed to manage their careers throughout their lives.
Lifelong perspective on career guidance
Why? Because life goes on all the time!
Choices have to be made Kindergarden and Primary School
Lower Secondary School
Upper Secondary School
Universty and University Colleges
Vocational Education
Public Employment Services
Working Life
Retirement
- and transitions will keep on happening
Lifelong guidance two dimensions: • The career guidance services are designed to meet the needs of all citizens, whatever age and connection to the educational system or work life.
• The careers services have a lifelong focus, meaning that the overall aim is that individuals develop skills to manage their careers throughout life.
How to manage a career troughout life?
Career Management Skills – CMS «karriereferdigheter»
CMS?
CMS is rooted in the
The DOTS framework Decision-learning Opportunity awareness Transition learning Self-awareness Tony Watts & Bill Law, Schools, Careers and Community 1977
Valgkompetanse
Decision-learning How to make a choice: • awareness of possible choice strategies • awareness of your decision making style • awareness of which choices might be adequate for your present situation
Mulighetsoppmerksomhet
Opportunity awareness • awareness of the opportunities available to you • knowledge of what these opportunities might lead to • knowledge of how to grasp these opportunities
Håndtere overgangsfaser
Transition learning • To be able to handle transitional challenges, e.g. from education to work, between jobs, back to education from work or back to work from unemployment.
Selvinnsikt
self-awareness • be able to identify your interests and needs • know what your skills and competences are • understand who you are • know your strengths and weaknesses
• be aware of your work life aspirations
Definition CMS refer to a range of competences which provide structured ways for individuals and groups to gather, analyze, synthesize and organize self, educational and occupational
information, as well as the skills to make and implement decisions and transitions. (ELGPN/Ronald Sultana, 2010)
CMS direct attention to the learning outcome of career guidance activities.
quick fix vs
skills for life
from
career guidance as an intervention
Could you please tell me: Where should I work?
to
career learning as shared purpose
What do I need to know to develop my career and create the life I want for myself?
CMS might change the way you do your job • Focus on here-and-now
• Long term perspective
• What`s the next step?
• How to create a career?
• Solve today’s problem
• Learning outcome
• Information
• Reflection
• Short intervention
• Longer process
A case from real life The sociologist who wanted to become an engine driver If he were to start all over again, what could you and the career services do to equip him with the skills he would need to make a better transition from education to work life?
• Decision-learning • Opportunity awareness • Transition learning • Self-awareness
Suggest a career learning activity that could support the development of one of the skills
Where does it come from?
Two EU-resolutions have: … highlighted the need for strong guidance services throughout the lifespan to equip citizens with the skills to manage their learning and careers and the transitions between and within education/training and work.
Many countries have developed a CMS framework
Australia
Link
New Zealand
Link
The major goal of guidance is to build the career management skills of all citizens – particularly young people who can then use these skills throughout their lifetime.
The Youth Guarantee and Lifelong Guidance ELGPN Concept Note No. 4
But
do you/the career services/the institution contribute to build the career management skills of your students and graduates?
CMS as part of the employability agenda?
CMS is seen as a meta-skill and necessary part of employability
A meta-skill needed to reflect on and match skills, knowledge and interests to the career opportunities available.
towards
sustainable employability The Kirby Report 2000
Then
career learning becomes the responsibility not only of you and the careers services, but of the institution as a whole.
CMS – mandatory and assessable Career management skills development needs to begin early in university programs and should be a mandatory and assessable component of coursework.
The graduate attributes we`ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills Ruth Bridgstock, Centre for Learning Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Evidence shows… • Lifelong guidance is not one intervention, but many, and works most effectively when a range of interventions are combined. This might include careers education, one-to-one counselling, online services and a range of other possibilities. • A key aim of lifelong guidance programmes should be the development of career management skills. • Lifelong guidance needs to be holistic and wellintegrated into other support services. Understanding the Evidence for Lifelong Guidance Services: a Guide for Policy-Makers ELGPN Consept Note, Tristram Hooley
A tool for development CMS can be seen as a tool to develop better quality career services with an outcome focus and a lifelong perspective
From
To
• Career guidance is delivered separately in each sector
• A service chain across sectors. Services that build on and complement each other
• Focus is on the next step and the approximate choice
• Consistent attention to the learning outcomes of career guidance
• No common agreement on the aim of career guidance
• A common agreement that the aim of career guidance is to equip people with the skills they need to manage their careers
CMS
Yes!
Want to read some more? Developing career management skills within the HE curriculum: a review and evaluation of different approaches Christina Evans, International Journal of Management Education 6, 2007 The graduate attributes we`ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills Ruth Bridgstock, Higher Education Research and Development, Vol 28, No 1, March 2009 31-44 Learning career management skills in Europe: a critical review Ronald G. Sultana, Journal of Education and Work 2011, 1-24