Clinical Policy Title: Chiropractic Care

Clinical Policy Number: 15.02.01

Effective Date: Initial Review Date: Most Recent Review Date: Next Review Date:

December 1, 2013 July 17, 2013 July 16, 2014 July 2015

Policy contains: • Chiropractic manipulation. • Physical therapy in chiropractic practice. • Chiropractic imaging. • VAX-D (Vertebral Axial Decompression). • Surface Electromyography.

ABOUT THIS POLICY: Keystone First has developed clinical policies to assist with making coverage determinations. Keystone First clinical policies are based on guidelines from established industry sources, such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), state regulatory agencies, the American Medical Association (AMA), medical specialty professional societies, and peer-reviewed professional literature. These clinical policies along with other sources, such as plan benefits and state and federal laws and regulatory requirements, including any state- or plan-specific definition of “medically necessary,” and the specific facts of the particular situation are considered by Keystone First when making coverage determinations. In the event of conflict between this clinical policy and plan benefits and/or state or federal laws and/or regulatory requirements, the plan benefits and/or state and federal laws and/or regulatory requirements shall control. Keystone First clinical policies are for informational purposes only and not intended as medical advice or to direct treatment. Physicians and other health care providers are solely responsible for the treatment decisions for their patients. Keystone First clinical policies are reflective of evidence-based medicine at the time of review. As medical science evolves, Keystone First will update its clinical policies as necessary. Keystone First clinical policies are not guarantees of payment.

Coverage policy Keystone First considers the use of chiropractic care services to be clinically proven and therefore, medically necessary when the following criteria are met: • The care services are provided by a licensed chiropractor practicing within the scope of his/her license. • The services are provided for neuromuscular symptoms amenable to chiropractic care for restoration of optimal function. • There is a documented plan of care which directs chiropractic care to the presenting symptoms • Improvement is documented within three weeks after initiation of care; and there is a documented anticipated duration of chiropractic care with frequency of visits and defined end-point of treatment. Based upon state requirements, no more than 24 visits/year are required to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit for each non-contiguous condition. • Chiropractic care is restricted to treatment of neuromuscular symptoms arising from the spine.

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Limitations: All other uses of chiropractic care services are not medically necessary. But not limited to: a.) Non-neuromuscular disorders outside of the axial skeleton such as cranial manipulation, treatment of ADHD, nutritional disorders. b.) Unexpected services such as laboratory testing, post-treatment imaging, more than two therapy modalities in one visit. c.) Age ranges that do not have an evidence-basis to support chiropractic care such as infants or very old. Prior authorization is required for patients 21 years or younger. d.) Contraindications to high velocity manipulation therapies: • Osseous conditions e.g. region of fractures, severe osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, osteomyelitis, local primary or metastatic bone tumors, Paget’s disease • Neurologic conditions e.g. progressive or sudden (cauda equine syndrome) neurologic deficits • Inflammatory conditions e.g. Active rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome • Bleeding disorders, congenital or acquired • Abdominal aortic aneurysm • Unstable spondylolisthesis • Burn or open wound in the area of treatment • Manipulation of implanted devices e.) Non-proven diagnostic or treatment modalities such as Vertebral Axial Decompression Treatment (VAX-D) , Contour Analysis, Concept Therapy, and Surface Electromyograms State Requirements if different from Keystone First: •

Florida--

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Indiana--50 office visits or treatments per recipient per year which includes a maximum reimbursement of no more than five (5) office visits per recipient per year. Reimbursement is not available for the following extended or comprehensive office visits: (A) New patient detailed. (B) New patient comprehensive. (C) Established patient detailed. (D) Established patient comprehensive. o Muscle testing services, either manual or electrical require o (Per IAC, 405 IAC 5-12-2)

Limited to 24 visits per calendar year. Children under the age of 21 require prior authorization.

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Louisiana--Limited to care under the referral of a primary care physician only o Limited to spinal manipulation only. o No physical therapy or modalities covered. o Children under the age of 13 not covered. o Between 13 and 21 requires prior authorization.

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Nebraska—Limited “coverage of chiropractic services to treatment of the spine by manual manipulation (i.e., by use of hands only) and certain spinal x-rays” 2

o o

o o

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Pennsylvania North East--children 13-21 do not require authorization. The State limits visits for pediatric patients to 18 in a 5 month period for the same diagnosis and then 1/month. Adults are limited to 12 per year. There is an SOP for children 3-12 may have first 10 visits approved without MD review . It reads: A clinical H&P should be included for review with each pediatric patient and a musculoskeletal complaint should be primary. NON Musculoskeletal complaints will require review my medical director. o Related Primary Dx Codes: 646.93,648.73,648.93, 739.0-739.8

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For clients age 21 and older: Manual manipulation of the spine is limited to 12 treatments per calendar year. For clients age 20 and younger: Manual manipulation of the spine is limited to 18 treatments during the initial five-month period from the age of initiation of treatment for the reported diagnosis. A maximum of one treatment per month is covered thereafter if needed for stabilization care. No more than one treatment per client per day is covered. Non-covered services when arranged for or provided by a chiropractor: 1. Laboratory tests; 2. Orthopedic devices; 3. Physiotherapy (i.e., ultrasound, diathermy, etc.); 4. Nutritional supplements; 5. EKGs; AND 6. Acupuncture

Pennsylvania Keystone First--Keystone First has an SOP which reads: Chiro that do not meet InterQual but are the 1st or 2nd set 12 visit request ( up to 24 total) do not need medical review and can be approved per SOP. South Carolina—Chiropractic visits are limited to six (6) visits per year o Limited to spinal manipulation only. o No physical therapy services or modalities covered. o Symptoms only for axial spine. o Prior authorization required for children under age 13years.

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Washington, DC—Provides no benefits for Chiropractic services.

Alternative covered services• •

Physician office visits to primary care or orthopedic surgeon. Physical and/or occupational therapy services. Prescribed medications.

Background Chiropractic is the single most frequently used complementary or alternative health service in the United States. The field of chiropractic arose from the work of Daniel David Palmer in the 1890s in Iowa. The original theories of disease originating from spinal subluxations, has evolved to modern definition from the American Chiropractic Association: “Chiropractic is a branch of the healing arts which is concerned with 3

human health and disease processes. Doctors of Chiropractic are physicians who consider man as an integrated being and give special attention to the physiological and biochemical aspects including structural, spinal, musculoskeletal, neurological, vascular, psychological, nutritional, visceral, emotional and environmental relationships, and are trained in diagnosis so they may treat patients effectively and make timely referral to appropriate health care providers.” In the twenty-first century, chiropractors are the third largest group of health care professionals after medical physicians and dentists. The field of chiropractic is now more focused on treatment of neuromuscular disorders and maintenance of spinal health. The American Chiropractic Association indicates that chiropractor primarily focus on back pain, neck pain, joint pains and headaches through manipulation of the spine. Chiropractors typically use a short-lever, high-velocity thrust manipulation, whereas osteopathic spinal manipulation is more likely to use long lever adjustments. Multiple studies have failed to demonstrate that spinal manipulation is superior to standard medical care giving equivalent outcomes for muscular back pain. Studies such as those listed in the Summary of Clinical Evidence do demonstrate that chiropractic manipulation produces results which are equivalent to physical therapy, osteopathic mobilization, or home exercise programs. Medications with anti-inflammatory drugs and/or muscle relaxants are equivalent to or inferior to these other physical treatments. No studies have demonstrated superior results by adding physical therapy modalities to chiropractic manipulation. A majority of muscular neck and back pains are self-limited and will resolve without treatment. This makes evaluation of the effectiveness of chiropractic therapy much more difficult as for many people seen; the resolution of pain comes with time and appears to be independent of any treatment provided. Further, as Haneline from the Palmer College of Chiropractic West and others have pointed out, the literature on the effectiveness of spinal manipulation is generally of low quality suffering from lack of standard rigor in methodological design and from small numbers. Based upon the treatment, studies cannot be blinded further reducing the scientific rigor. Most studies are observational and subject to reporting bias. Chiropractic enjoys significant popularity. The profession seeks to improve health through the spinal adjustments for relief of acute pain syndromes, chronic pain conditions and maintenance of health through episodic adjustments. In the early 1990s, the Mercy Center Consensus Conference established the first set of practice parameters for the profession. The International Chiropractic Association published a new set of parameters in 2008 listing of range of visits. (See below)

Condition Uncomplicated axial pain Complicated axial pain Headache Motor vehicle accident

Average # visits 18 visits over 4 to 7 weeks 24 to 60 visits over 20 weeks 23 visits over 5 to 7 weeks 21 to 76 visits over 56 weeks

From International Chiropractors Association, Best Practices and Practice Guidelines These conditions represent acute and chronic pain syndromes. The use of chiropractic services for maintenance has been reviewed in the CMS Local Coverage Determinations which concluded: ”Maintenance therapy includes services that seek to prevent disease, promote health and prolong and enhance the quality of life, or maintain or prevent deterioration of a chronic condition. When further clinical improvement cannot reasonably be expected from continuous ongoing care, and the 4

chiropractic treatment becomes supportive rather than corrective in nature, the treatment is then considered maintenance therapy. (CMS Publication 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, Section 240.1.3A)” Contraindications to Chiropractic care There are only rare circumstances in which serious injury occurs as a direct result of care provided by a chiropractic physician. Many patients may have muscle stiffness and soreness following an adjustment but that is typically transient. However with the unusual complications, a set of contraindications to chiropractic dynamic thrust therapies has evolved and includes:

A.) Absolute contraindications: • Acute arthropathies characterized by acute inflammation and ligamentous laxity and anatomic subluxation or dislocation; including acute rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis; • Acute fractures and dislocations or healed fractures and dislocations with signs of instability; • An unstable os odontoideum; • Malignancies that involve the vertebral column; • Infection of bones or joints of the vertebral column; • Signs and symptoms of myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome; • For cervical spinal manipulations, vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome; AND • A significant major artery aneurysm near the proposed manipulation B.) Relative contraindications: • Articular hyper mobility and circumstances where the stability of the joint is uncertain; • Severe demineralization of bone; • Benign bone tumors (spine); Bleeding disorders and anticoagulant therapy; • Radiculopathy with progressive neurological signs; From: CMS Publication 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, Section 240.1.3B) METHODS

Searches:

Keystone First searched PubMed and the databases of: • UK National Health Services Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Guideline Clearinghouse and evidence-based practice centers. • The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Searches were conducted on June 19, 2014 using the terms “chiropractic care, spine manipulation” and “chiropractic services”. We included: • Systematic reviews, which pool results from multiple studies to achieve larger sample sizes and greater precision of effect estimation than in smaller primary studies. Systematic reviews use predetermined transparent methods

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to minimize bias, effectively treating the review as a scientific endeavor, and are thus rated highest in evidencegrading hierarchies. Guidelines based on systematic reviews. Economic analyses, such as cost-effectiveness, and benefit or utility studies (but not simple cost studies), reporting both costs and outcomes — sometimes referred to as efficiency studies — which also rank near the top of evidence hierarchies.

Findings Spinal manipulation/mobilization is effective in adults for: acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain; migraine and cervicogenic headache; cervicogenic dizziness; manipulation/mobilization is effective for several extremity joint conditions; and thoracic manipulation/mobilization is effective for acute/subacute neck pain. The evidence is inconclusive for cervical manipulation/mobilization alone for neck pain of any duration, and for manipulation/mobilization for mid back pain, sciatica, tension-type headache, coccydynia, temporomandibular joint disorders, fibromyalgia, premenstrual syndrome, and pneumonia in older adults. Spinal manipulation is not effective for asthma and dysmenorrhea when compared to sham manipulation, or for Stage 1 hypertension when added to an antihypertensive diet. In children, the evidence is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness for otitis media and enuresis, and it is not effective for infantile colic and asthma when compared to sham manipulation. Massage is effective in adults for chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain. The evidence is inconclusive for knee osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, migraine headache, and premenstrual syndrome. In children, the evidence is inconclusive for asthma and infantile colic. Most research on chiropractic has focused on spinal manipulation Practitioners perform manipulation by using their hands or a device to apply a controlled force to a joint. The amount of force applied depends on the form of manipulation used. Spinal manipulation appears to benefit some people with low-back pain and may also be helpful for headaches, neck pain, upper- and lower-extremity joint conditions, and whiplashassociated disorders. Side effects from spinal manipulation can include temporary headaches, tiredness, or discomfort in the parts of the body that were treated. There have been rare reports of serious complications such as stroke, but whether spinal manipulation actually causes these complications is unclear. Safety remains an important focus of ongoing research. In the United States, chiropractic is often considered a complementary health practice. According to the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which included a comprehensive survey of the use of complementary health practices by Americans, about 8 percent of adults (more than 18 million) and nearly 3 percent of children (more than 2 million) had received chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation. A type of manipulation practiced by osteopathic physicians. It is combined with physical therapy and instruction in proper posture. There is no robust data concerning the incidence or prevalence of adverse reactions after chiropractic. Further investigations are urgently needed to assess definite conclusions regarding this issue. Summary of Clinical Evidence Citation

Content, Methods, Recommendations

Hurwtiz (Am J Pub Health, 2002)

Key Point: Cervical spine manipulation and mobilization for neck pain. • Randomized trial of 336 patients with neck pain. 171 in manipulation, 165 mobilization • .Similar demographics and entry criteria. 6

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Gross (Cochrane Review, Spine, 2004)

Cervical spine manipulation and mobilization yield comparable clinical outcomes.

Key Point: Similar results: manipulation and mobilization for neck pain with or without headache • Mobilization and/or manipulation when used with exercise are beneficial for persistent mechanical neck disorders with or without headache. • Neither manipulation or mobilization was superior to the other. • Insufficient evidence available to draw conclusions for neck disorder with radicular findings. • Based on 33 clinical trials, 42% considered high grade studies.

Haneline (J Lack of high quality studies for chiropractic manipulation for acute Manipulative neck pain Phys • Review of 267 citations by Palmer College of Therapy, Chiropractic West. 2005) • Only found one high quality citation of impact of chiropractic manipulation on acute neck pain. • scant investigative research into the treatment of acute neck pain with chiropractic manipulation. Bronfort (Annals IM, 2012)

Assenfelt (Cochrane, Annals IM, 2003)

Cherkin

Spinal manipulation, medication or home exercises for acute and subacute neck pain. • Non-blinded study of 272 persons aged 18 to 65 years who had nonspecific neck pain for 2 to 12 weeks. • Spinal Manipulation was more effective than medication in both the short and long term. • Instructional sessions of home exercise with advice resulted in similar outcomes at most time points. Meta-analysis of modalities for treatment of low back pain • Meta-analysis of 39 RCTs. • Spinal manipulative therapy had no statistically or clinically significant advantage over general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, or back school but was superior to sham treatment. • This applied to acute and chronic low back pain. Comparison of McKenzie PT, Chiropractic and Education only • Randomized 321 patients with 7 days of back pain 7

(NEJM, 1998)

Meade (BMJ, 1995)

randomized to PT, Chiropractic or education alone. • PT and Chiropractic were marginally better than education alone. Comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain • 741 individuals followed over time with the Owes try pain and satisfaction of care survey. • At the end of 3 years Oswestry score greats in chiropractic group suggesting greater efficacy for chiropractic. • But only 26% of study patients were available for a 2 year survey.

Glossary: Chiropractic adjustment: According to the International Chiropractic Association, Chiropractic adjustment “is characterized by a specific thrust applied to the vertebra utilizing parts of the vertebra and contiguous structures as levers to directionally correct articular malposition. Adjustment shall be differentiated from spinal manipulation in that the adjustment can only be applied to a vertebral malposition with the express intent to improve or correct the subluxation.” Long-lever adjustments: Use the femur, shoulder, head, or pelvis to manipulate the spine. This technique is used primarily osteopathic physicians. Medically Necessary- A service or benefit is Medically Necessary if it is compensable under the MA Program and if it meets any one of the following standards: • • •

The service or benefit will, or is reasonably expected to, prevent the onset of an illness, condition or disability. The service or benefit will, or is reasonably expected to, reduce or ameliorate the physical, mental or developmental effects of an illness, condition, injury or disability. The service or benefit will assist the Member to achieve or maintain maximum functional capacity in performing daily activities, taking into account both the functional capacity of the Member and those functional capacities that are appropriate for Members of the same age.

Short-Lever, High-Velocity Thrust: Employed primarily by chiropractors uses a specific contact point on a process of a vertebra to manipulate a specific vertebral joint. In performance of this technique, the patient is placed in a lateral decubitus posture close to the leading edge of the treatment table. The free leg, not resting on the table, is flexed at the knee and the pelvis to cause a relative flexion of the lumbar spine. Manipulation of the spine in this case creates a counter-rotational force at the low back. Spinal Manipulation: Generic term that refers to the techniques used by osteopathic physicians, physiatrists (rehabilitation specialists), physiotherapists, or orthopedic surgeons. Spinal adjustment therapy usually involves more frequent visits than medical treatment for the same condition. Manipulation involves short-lever, high-velocity thrust applied to the affected region of the spine.

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Spinal Mobilization: Refers to passive movements of the spinal articular surfaces through a series of longlever, low velocity thrusts, and/or traction on the vertebral column. This technique is commonly used by physical therapists, osteopathic physicians and chiropractic physicians. Subluxation: In Chiropractic subluxation refers to alteration of the normal dynamics and anatomical or physiologic relationships of contiguous articular structures. Thrust or Dynamic Thrust: Chiropractic adjustment delivered suddenly and forcefully to move vertebrae, often resulting in a popping sound.

Related Policies: Keystone First Utilization Management Program Description

References Professional society guidelines/other: Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Peterson D. Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters: Proceedings of the Mercy Center Consensus Conference, Second Edition Aspen Publishers, 1993 Harrison DD, Siskin LA, editor(s). Best practices & practice guidelines. Arlington (VA): International Chiropractors Association (ICA); 2008 Hegmann KT, editor(s). Occupational medicine practice guidelines. Evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery in workers. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village (IL): American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM); 2011. p. 1-332 Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Harber P, Kominski GF, Yu F, Adams AH. A randomized trial of chiropractic manipulation and mobilization for patients with neck pain: clinical outcomes from the UCLA neck-pain study. Am J Public Health. 2002Oct;92(10):1634-41. Kent C, McCoy M, Rondberg T, Gutierrez V. Clinical Practice Guideline: Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice. Council on Chiropractic Practice, 2008 http://www.ccp-guidelines.org/guideline2008.pdf (Last accessed June 29, 2013) Winkler K, Hegetschweiler–Goertz C, Jackson PS, Mauer EL, McClelland G, Meeker W, Padgett K. Spinal Manipulation Policy Statement (Revised 2003). American Chiropractic Association, 1701 Clarendon Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. http://www.acatoday.org/content_css.cfm?CID=1083 (Last accessed June 29, 2013) Peer-Reviewed References Assendelft WJ, Morton SC, Yu EI, Suttorp MJ, Shekelle PG. Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. A meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jun 3;138(11):871-81. Astin, J. and Ernst, E. The effectiveness of spinal manipulation for the treatment of headache disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. 2002, Cephalalgia, 22: 617–623. 9

Bronfort G, Evans r, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH; Spinal Manipulation, Medication, or Home Exercise With Advice for Acute and Subacute Neck Pain A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012 Jan;156(1_Part_1):1-10. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans RL, Bouter LM. Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Spine J. 2004 May-Jun;4(3):335-56. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evena R, Leininqer B, Triano J ; Effectiveness of manual therapies: The UK evidence report. Pub Med,.gov. ; Chiropr Osteopat 2010, Feb. 25;18:3. doi: 10.1186/1746-1340-18-3.Bryans R, Descarreaux M, Duranleau M, Marcoux H, Potter B, Ruegg R, Shaw L, Watkin R, White E. Evidence-based guidelines for the chiropractic treatment of adults with headache. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Jun;34(5):274-89 Evans DW. Mechanisms and effects of spinal high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation: previous theories. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002 May;25(4):251-62. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battié M, Street J, Barlow W. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct 8;339(15):1021-9. Gross AR, Hoving JL, Haines TA, Goldsmith CH, Kay T, Aker P, Bronfort G; Cervical Overview Group. A Cochrane review of manipulation and mobilization for mechanical neck disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Jul 15;29(14):1541-8. Haneline MT. Chiropractic manipulation and acute neck pain: a review of the evidence. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2005 Sep;28(7):520-5. Hayes, Inc. Hayes Medical Technology Directory Report, Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) for Back Pain. Lansdale, Pa; Hayes Inc.; Feb 23, 2011 Hayes, Inc.; Hayes Medical Technology Directory Report, Chiropractic Treatment for Low Back Pain. Lansdale, Pa; Haynes Inc; Nov. 3, 2005 Hebert JJ, Stomski NJ, French SD, Rubinstein SM. Serious Adverse Events and Spinal Manipulative Therapy of the Low Back Region: A Systematic Review of Cases.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 Jun 17. Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW. Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;9:CD008880

Clinical Trials: AHRQ: Integrated Chiropractic Outcomes Network (http://pbrn.ahrq.gov/pbrn-registry/integratedchiropractic-outcomes-network) Last accessed July 3, 2013, Accessed June 19, 2014. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) National Coverage Determination There is no NCD for chiropractic. As of this update, June 19, 2014, there are no NCDs for this topic. 10

Local Coverage Determinations Durable Medical Equipment ordered by a chiropractic physician is not covered. Local Coverage Determination (LCD): Chiropractic Services (L27480). Original effective date 07/11/2008, revision effective date 01/01/2013. http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/lcddetails.aspx?LCDId=27480&ContrId=230&ver=70&ContrVer=2&SearchType=Advanced&CoverageSelection= Local&ArticleType=SAD%7cEd&PolicyType=Both&s=45&KeyWord=chiropractic+services&KeyWordLookUp= Doc&KeyWordSearchType=Exact&kq=true&bc=IAAAABAAAAAAAA%3d%3d& Last accessed June 19, 2014. LCD (A5102) Social Security Act (§1861(r)) restricts ordering by CHIROPRACTORs to treatment by means of manual manipulation of the spine to correct a subluxation, provided such treatment is legal in the State where performed. Claims for any other item(s) or services prescribed by a CHIROPRACTOR, including durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics or supplies, are denied as statutorily non-covered. http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/articledetails.aspx?articleId=51022&ver=2&ContrId=137&ContrVer=1&CoverageSelection=Local&ArticleType=All &PolicyType=Final&s=Pennsylvania&KeyWord=chiropractor&KeyWordLookUp=Title&KeyWordSearchType= And&bc=gAAAABAAAAAAAA%3d%3d& last accessed July 2, 2013, June 19, 2014. Commonly Submitted Codes: Below are the most commonly submitted codes for the service(s)/item(s) subject to this policy. This is not an exhaustive list of codes. Providers are expected to consult the appropriate coding manuals and bill in accordance with those manuals. CPT Code

Description

98940

Chiropractic manipulative treatment, Spinal 1-2 regions

98941

Chiropractic manipulative treatment, Spinal 3-4 regions

98942

Chiropractic manipulative treatment, Spinal 5 regions

98943

Chiropractic manipulative treatment, Extraspinal 1 or more regions

ICD-9 Code

339.89* 353.2 353.3 353.4 353.8

Description

Comment

Comment

Secondary diagnosis must reflect the neuromusculoskeletal condition necessitating the treatment Other headache syndromes (cervicogenic headache) Cervical root lesions not elsewhere classified Thoracic root lesions not elsewhere classified Lumbosacral root lesions not elsewhere classified Other nerve root and plexus disorders

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355.2 720.1 721.0 721.2 721.3 721.6 722.0 722.10 722.11 722.4 722.51 722.52 722.81 722.82 722.83 722.91 722.92 722.93 723.0 723.1 723.4 723.5 723.8 724.01 724.02 724.03 724.1 724.2 724.3 724.4 724.5 724.6 724.70 724.79 724.8 737.0 737.12 737.19 737.20 737.21 737.29 737.30 737.34 737.40 737.41 737.42 737.42 737.43 738.4 738.5

Other lesion of femoral nerve Spinal enthesopathy Cervical spondylosis without myelopathy Thoracic spondylosis without myelopathy Lumbosacral spondylosis without myelopathy Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis Displacement of cervical intervertebral disc without myelopathy Displacement of lumbar intervertebral disc without myelopathy Displacement of thoracic intervertebral disc without myelopathy Degeneration of cervical intervertebral disc Degeneration of thoracic or thoracolumbar intervertebral disc Degeneration of lumbar or lumbosacral intervertebral disc Postlaminectomy syndrome of cervical region Postlaminectomy syndrome of thoracic region Postlaminectomy syndrome of lumbar region Other and unspecified disc disorder of cervical region Other and unspecified disc disorder of thoracic region Other and unspecified disc disorder of lumbar region Spinal stenosis in cervical region Cervicalgia Brachial neuritis or radiculitis nos Torticollis unspecified Other syndromes affecting cervical region Spinal stenosis of thoracic region Spinal stenosis, lumbar region, without neurogenic claudication Spinal stenosis, lumbar region, with neurogenic claudication Pain in thoracic spine Lumbago Sciatica Thoracic or lumbosacral neuritis or radiculitis unspecified Backache unspecified Disorders of sacrum Unspecified disorder of coccyx Other disorders of coccyx Other symptoms referable to back Adolescent postural kyphosis Kyphosis postlaminectomy Other kyphosis acquired Lordosis (acquired) (postural) Lordosis postlaminectomy Other lordosis acquired Scoliosis (and kyphoscoliosis) idiopathic Thoracogenic scoliosis Unspecified curvature of spine associated with other conditions Kyphosis associated with other conditions Lordosis associated with other conditions Lordosis associated with other conditions Scoliosis associated with other conditions Acquired spondylolisthesis Other acquired deformity of back or spine The primary diagnosis must be subluxation, and must indicate the level of the subluxation

739.1 739.2

Nonallopathic lesions of cervical region not elsewhere classified Nonallopathic lesions of thoracic region not elsewhere classified

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739.3 739.4 739.5 754.2 756.10 756.11 756.12 846.0 846.1 846.2 846.3 846.8 847.0 847.1 847.2 847.3 847.4 907.3 953.0 953.1 953.3

Nonallopathic lesions of lumbar region not elsewhere classified Nonallopathic lesions of sacral region not elsewhere classified Nonallopathic lesions of pelvic region not elsewhere classified Secondary diagnosis must reflect the neuromusculoskeletal condition necessitating the treatment Congenital musculoskeletal deformities of spine Congenital anomaly of spine unspecified Congenital spondylolysis lumbosacral region Spondylolisthesis congenital Lumbosacral (joint) (ligament) sprain Sacroiliac (ligament) sprain Sacrospinatus (ligament) sprain Sacrotuberous (ligament) sprain Other specified sites of sacroiliac region sprain Neck sprain Thoracic sprain Lumbar sprain Sprain of sacrum Sprain of coccyx Late effect of injury to nerve root(s) spinal plexus(es) and other nerves of trunk Injury to cervical nerve root Injury to dorsal nerve root Injury to sacral nerve root

ICD-10 Code M99.00 M99.01 M99.02 M99.03 M99.04 M99.05 M99.06 M99.07 M99.08

Description Segmental and somatic dysfunction of head region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of cervical region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of thoracic region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of lumbar region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of sacral region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of pelvic region Segmental and somatic dysfunction of lower extremity Segmental and somatic dysfunction of upper extremity Segmental and somatic dysfunction of rib cage

M00.09

HCPCS Level II

Comment

Segmental and somatic dysfunction of abdomen or other regions

Description

Comment

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