Madison West High School
SLI 2009 SOW
October 1, 2008
MADISON WEST ROCKET C LUB
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AIRFLOW AROUND A ROCKET
First Row: Tenzin, John, Ben, Henry, Alec Second Row: Connie, Zoë, Ruijun, Maia http://www.westrocketry.com
SLI 2009 Statement of Work -1-
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Contents School Information .......................................................................................................... 6 Educators and Mentors................................................................................................ 6 Student Participants..................................................................................................... 8 Facilities and Equipment ................................................................................................. 9 Facilities for Rocket Design and Testing...................................................................... 9 Personnel .................................................................................................................... 9 Equipment and Supplies............................................................................................ 10 Computer Equipment................................................................................................. 11 Safety ............................................................................................................................ 13 Local NAR Mentors.................................................................................................... 13 Written Safety Plan .................................................................................................... 14 I. NAR Safety Requirements .................................................................................. 14 II. Hazardous Materials .......................................................................................... 15 III. Compliance with Laws and Environmental Regulations.................................... 15 IV. Education, Safety Briefings and Supervision .................................................... 15 V. Procedures and Documentation ........................................................................ 15 Technical Design........................................................................................................... 18 Entire Vehicle ............................................................................................................ 18 Sustainer ................................................................................................................... 19 Motors........................................................................................................................ 20 Vehicle requirements and objectives ......................................................................... 23 Major Challenges and Solutions for a Two Stage Rocket.......................................... 25 Experiment Design ........................................................................................................ 26 Flight Sequence......................................................................................................... 28 Sensors Placement and Data Collection ................................................................... 29 Electronics ................................................................................................................. 30 Data and Corellations ................................................................................................ 33 Challenges and Solutions .......................................................................................... 34 Outreach ....................................................................................................................... 35 Community Support ................................................................................................... 35 Outreach Programs ................................................................................................... 36 Timeline......................................................................................................................... 38 Budget and Travel Budget............................................................................................. 40 Educational Standards .................................................................................................. 42 A) Wisconsin’s Model Academic Standards .............................................................. 42 B) National Science Education Standards ................................................................. 45 -3-
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Second year project complexity .................................................................................... 46 Rocket Program Sustainability ...................................................................................... 46 Appendix A: Resume for Zoë ........................................................................................ 49 Appendix B: Resume for Maia ...................................................................................... 50 Appendix C: Resume for John ...................................................................................... 52 Appendix D: Resume for Tenzin ................................................................................... 54 Appendix E: Resume for Alec ....................................................................................... 55 Appendix F: Resume for Connie ................................................................................... 57 Appendix G: Resume for Ruijun.................................................................................... 59 Appendix H: Resume for Ben........................................................................................ 61 Appendix I: Resume for Henry ...................................................................................... 62 Appendix J: Model Rocket Safety Code ........................................................................ 64 Appendix K: High Power Rocket Safety Code............................................................... 66 Appendix L: Section 508 ............................................................................................... 68 Appendix M: Material Safety Data Sheets..................................................................... 73
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Madison West High School
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School Information Educators and Mentors Administrative Staff Member West High School Principal Ed Holmes Madison West High School, 30 Ash St., Madison, WI, 53726 Phone: (608) 204-4100 Email:
[email protected] Lead Educators Ms. Christine Hager, Biology Instructor Madison West High School, 30 Ash St., Madison, WI 53726 Phone: (608) 204-3181 Fax: (608) 204-0529 Email:
[email protected] Pavel Pinkas, Ph.D., Senior Software Engineer for DNASTAR, Inc. 1763 Norman Way, Madison, WI, 53705 Work Phone: (608) 237-3068 Home Phone: (608) 238-5933 Fax: (608) 258-3749 Email:
[email protected] Other Educators Professor Riccardo Bonazza Dept. of Engineering Physics Phone: (608) 265-2337 Email:
[email protected] Professor Dan McCammon Dept. of Physics, UW-Madison Phone: (608) 262-5916 Email:
[email protected] Rehan Quraishi Student at UW Madison, SLI 2006, 2007 Graduate Phone: (608) 358-8944 Email:
[email protected]
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NAR Mentors Scott T. Goebel 3423 Pierce Boulevard, Racine, WI, 53405-4515 Phone: (262) 634-3971 E-Mail:
[email protected] Brent Lillesand 4809 Jade Lane, Madison, WI 53705 Phone: (608) 241-9282 E-Mail:
[email protected]
Section 508 Consultant Ms. Ronda Solberg DNASTAR, Inc. (senior software designer) 3801 Regent St, Madison, WI, 53705 E-Mail:
[email protected]
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Student Participants Vehicle Team Alec
Ben
Team Leader
Vehicle Team Leader
[email protected]
[email protected]
Duties: vehicle design, construction and operation supervision
Duties: task delegation, vehicle design, construction coordination
Tenzin Outreach and Public Relations
[email protected]
Duties: Public relations, organizing outreach
Payload Team
Maia
Zoë
Payload Team Leader, Safety
Safety Officer, VehiclePayload Integration
[email protected]
[email protected]
Duties: task delegation, payload team supervision
Duties: master checklist, vehicle-payload integration
Connie
Ruijun
Data Processing Specialist
Recovery
[email protected]
[email protected]
Duties: post-flight data processing
Duties: rocket tracking and recovery coordination, rocket recovery checklist
Henry
John
Electronics/Hardware
Electronics/Software
[email protected]
[email protected]
Duties: deployment and payload electronics, electronic functionality tests and checklist
Duties: payload electronics, electronic functionality tests and checklist
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Facilities and Equipment Facilities for Rocket Design and Testing 1. Concept, design, planning, and writing meetings will be held a DNASTAR, 3801 Regent Street, Madison, WI 53705 on the weekends. 2. Organizational meetings will be held in room 365 (a classroom), Madison West High School, 30 Ash Street, Madison, WI, 53726, Mondays at lunch. Facilities for Rocket Design and Testing: 3. Research meetings will be held on a per-need basis at the university buildings with professors/researchers, as appropriate. 4. Rocket construction meetings will be held at the University of Wisconsin Space Place, 2300 South Park Street, Madison, WI, 53713, on the weekends. 5. Low power rocket launches will take place at Reddan Soccer Park, 6874 Cross Country Road, Verona, WI, 53593, from late November to early April. Large Model Rocket Launch notification will be made in accordance with FAA regulations Part 101. NFPA code 1122 and NAR Model Rocket Safety Code will be followed during the launches. 6. High power rocket launches will take place at Richard I. Bong State Recreational Area, 26313 Burlington Road, Kansasville, WI, 53139. High Power Rocket Altitude Waiver will be obtained from the FAA prior to each high power launch. We will schedule our high-power launches so they coincide with the high power launch of WOOSH, Section #558 of the NAR.
Personnel Ms. Christine Hager Dr. Pavel Pinkas Mr. Scott Goebel Mr. Brent Lillesand Prof. Dan McCammon Professor Riccardo Bonazza Mr. Don Michalski Mr. Rehan Quraishi
Main Advisor, Educational Supervisor NAR Mentor, Scientific Advisor NAR Mentor, High Power Rocketry Advisor NAR Mentor, Vehicle Construction Supervisor Dept. of Physics, Scientific Advisor Dept of Engineering Physics, Wind Tunnel Experiments Supervisor Space and Astronomy Lab, Electronics Advisor Junior Mentor, Vehicle Design Advisor
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Equipment and Supplies Equipment
Power tools
Supplies
Soldering irons Band saws Hacksaws
Drill press Dremel tool (with necessary attachments) Hand drill
Hand saw Scroll saw
Hydraulic press Jig saw
CA (superglue) Accelerator and de-bonder for superglue West Epoxy (resin, quick and slow hardener, various fillers) Masking tape Electric tape
Wire strippers
Table saw
Drill bits
Belt sander
Box cutters X-acto knives Sandpaper and sanding blocks
able saw T Jig saw
Rulers and yardsticks Ring and C-clamps Pliers, clippers
Batteries of varying size and voltage to power electronic components Various minor electronic components (resistors, capacitors, LEDs) JB Weld Glue Solder. flux Breathing masks (to be used when sanding or cutting fiberglass) Latex gloves, safety goggles First aid kit Ethyl-alcohol Propyl-alcohol
Phillips/flathead screwdrivers Vices of varying sizes
Rocket components Fiberglass fabric G10 sheets of fiberglass Kevlar cords and ribbons Quick links Plywood centering rings, sheets, bulkheads Screws, nuts, Tnuts, washers, spring washers, ect. 4-inch fiberglass tubing
U-Bolts, I-Bolts Nose cone Lock’N’Load motor retention kit Rail buttons PerfectFlite altimeter Perfectly timers Parallax GPS modules Parallax Propeller chips and development boards
Table 1: Equipment that is available for use
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Computer Equipment A. Hardware/Software a. School Computer Capabilities: i. 500mhz-900mhz 128MB-384MB RAM ii. Windows 98, XP, iii. Able to use MAC G3-G5 b. Student Personal Computer Capabilities: i. 500mhz-3.2ghz 32MB-2GB of RAM ii. Windows XP or Vista iii. These computers include 8 laptops, enabling almost all of our members to be working at the same time. B. Internet: a. School – Every computer has access the Internet via a T3 connection b. DNASTAR – T1 connection, internal wireless network (801b/g/n) c. Home – ADSL/cable, 768Kbps-6Mbps (download), 256Kbps-1.5Mbps (upload) C. Team Communication: a. The team will communicate via e-mail, instant messaging, website postings b. Personal contact, group meetings and phone. These channels have been successfully used for the last three years. D. Currently Accessible Applications: a. Apogee – RockSim 6.92 b. SpaceCAD c. Adobe Illustrator d. Eudora/Thunderbird/MS Outlook/MS Express mail clients e. Firefox/Netscape/Mozilla/Opera/IE browsers f. Microsoft Office Suite g. Photoshop CS2 h. Photoshop Elements 5.0 E. Web Site: a. Madison West Rocketry’s website can be accessed through the URL http://www.westrocketry.com. This site pertains to all of Madison West Rocketry. A specific SLI 2008-2009 project web page will be created upon acceptance of SLI grant proposal. F. Video Teleconferencing: a. We will be making use of the video conferencing facilities available through the UW Extension at the Pyle Center. Contact Dr. Rosemary Lehman for information regarding firewall issues. UW Extension Pyle Center, 702 Langdon St. Madison, WI 53706 Fax: 608-236-4435 Phone 608-262-7524
[email protected]
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Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board Electronic and Information Technology (EIT) Accessibility Standards (36 CFR Part 1194) The team will implement required parts of Section 508, namely:
§ 1194.21 Software applications and operating systems (all items) § 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications (all items) § 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers (all items) o
§ 1194.23 Telecommunications products (items (k)(1) through (4)) as referenced by §1194.26
The SLI team carefully reviewed the above listed sections and consulted with two senior software engineers at DNASTAR, Inc. (a bioinformatics software company). Re: § 1194.21: The team uses MS Windows and Mac OS-X based computers. Both Microsoft and Apple support Section 508, and all installation of MS Windows and Mac OS-X include the access assistive features. Microsoft, Apple and Adobe (producers of third party software utilized during the SLI project) confirm compliance of their respective products to Section 508 on their websites. DNASTAR, Inc. Senior software engineers will verify compliance of software and firmware developed by SLI project participants to Section 508, and will recommend proper solutions to discovered violations (if any). Re: § 1194.22: The rocket club webmaster has checked the rocket club website (http://www.westrocketry.com) for Section 508 compliance using various automated validation systems (such as http://section508.info) and has not found any violations. The webmaster of the SLI project specific website will also periodically subject the website to the above listed selection of tests and remove any violations in a timely manner. Re: § 1194.26: All computers used by the rocket club team members and educators comply to Section 508. No computer has been modified beyond the manufacturer approved upgrades.
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Safety Local NAR Mentors NAR Mentor: Brent Lillesand Home Address: 4809 Jade Lane, Madison, WI 53714-2621 Work Phone: (608) 243-3273 Home Phone: (608) 243-3273 (same as work) Email Address:
[email protected] HPR Certification: NAR Level 3 Mr. Lillesand has been a mentor of Madison West Rocketry since 2005 and has provided both SLI teams with equipment, expertise and professional advice on rocketspecific tasks. Mr. Lillesand is the vehicle construction and testing supervisor. NAR Mentor: Scott Goebel Home Address: 3423 Pierce Blvd, Racine, WI 53405-4515 Work Phone: (262) 634-3971 Home Phone: (262) 634-3971 Email Address:
[email protected] HPR Certification: NAR Level 3 Mr. Goebel is the lead mentor for all HPR issues and operations. He brought HPR knowledge and techniques to our club in 2005, when he assisted our first SLI team. He has also loaned us many parachutes, shock cords, and motor casings over the years. NAR Mentor: Dr. Pavel Pinkas Home Address: 1763 Norman Way, Madison, WI, 53705 Work Phone: (608) 237-3067 Home Phone: (608) 238-5933 Email Address:
[email protected] HPR Certification: NAR Level 1 Dr. Pinkas has been the mentor of the Madison West Rocketry Club since it’s beginning in 2003. He has played a key role in the success of the team, both with the Team America Rocketry Challenge in 2004—2008 and the Student Launch Initiative program in 2005-2008.
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Written Safety Plan I. NAR Safety Requirements a. Certification and Operating Clearances: Mr. Goebel and Mr. Lillesand both hold a Level 3 HPR certification. Dr. Pinkas has a Level 1 HPR certification and plans on having a Level 2 HPR certification by the end of February 2009. Both Mr. Goebel and Mr. Lillesand have Low Explosives User Permit (LEUP). Mr. Goebel owns a BATFE approved magazine for storage of solid motor grains containing over 62.5 grams of propellant. All HPR flights will be conducted only at launches covered by an HPR waiver (mostly the WOOSH/NAR Section #558 10,000ft waiver for Richard Bong Recreation Area launch site). All LMR flights will be conducted only at the launches with the FAA notification phoned in at least 24 hours prior to the launch. NAR and NFPA Safety Codes for model rockets and high power rockets will be observed at all launches. b. Motors: We will purchase and use in our vehicle only NAR-certified rocket motors and will do so through our NAR mentors. Mentors will handle all motors and ejection charges. c. Construction of Rocket: In the construction of our vehicle, we will use only proven, reliable materials made by well established manufacturers, under the supervision of our NAR mentors. We will comply with all NAR standards regarding the materials and construction methods. Reliable, verified methods of recovery will be exercised with the retrieval of our vehicle. Motors will be used that fall within the NAR HPR Level 2 power limits as well as the restrictions outlined by the SLI program. Lightweight materials such as fiberglass tubing and carbon fiber will be used in the construction of the rocket to ensure that the vehicle is under the engine’s maximum liftoff weight. The computer program RockSim will be utilized to help design and pre-test the stability of our rocket so that no unexpected and potentially dangerous problems with the vehicle occur. Scale model of the rocket will be built and flown to prove the rocket stability. d. Payload: As our payload does not contain hazardous materials, it does not prove potentially harmful to the environment. However, our NAR mentors will check the payload prior to launch in order to secure and verify that there will be no unforeseen problems. e. Launch Conditions: Test launches will be performed at Richard I. Bong Recreation Area with our mentors present to oversee all proceedings. All launches will be carried out in accordance with FAA, NFPA and NAR safety regulations regarding launch - 14 -
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angles, and weather conditions. Caution will be exercised by all team members when recovering the vehicle components after flight. No rocket will be launched under conditions of limited visibility, low cloud cover, winds over 20mph or increased fire hazards (drought).
II. Hazardous Materials All hazardous materials will be purchased, handled, used, and stored by our NAR mentors. The use of hazardous chemicals in the construction of the rocket, such as epoxy resin, will be carefully supervised by our NAR mentors. When handling such materials, we will make sure to carefully scrutinize and use all MSDS sheets and necessary protection (gloves, goggles, proper ventilation etc.) will be utilized.
III. Compliance with Laws and Environmental Regulations All team members and mentors will conduct themselves responsibly and construct the vehicle and payload with regard to environmental regulations. We will make sure to minimize the effects of the launch process on the environment. All recoverable waste will be disposed properly. We will spare no efforts when recovering the parts of the rocket that drifted away. Properly inspected, filled and primed fire extinguishers will be on hand at the launch site.
IV. Education, Safety Briefings and Supervision Mentors and experienced rocketry team members will take time to teach new members the basics of rocket safety. All team members will be taught about the hazards of rocketry and how to respond to them; for example, fires, errant trajectories, and environmental hazards. Students will attend mandatory meetings and pay attention to pertinent emails prior participation in any of our launches to ensure their safety. A mandatory safety briefing will be held prior each launch. During the launch, adult supervisors will make sure the launch area is clear and that all students are properly observing the launch. Our NAR mentors will ensure that any electronics included in the vehicle are disarmed until all essential pre-launch preparations are finished. All hazardous and flammable materials, such as ejection charges and motors, will be constructed and put into effect by our NAR-certified mentor, complying with NAR regulations. Each launch will be announced and preceded by a countdown (in accordance with NAR safety codes).
V. Procedures and Documentation In all working documents, all sections describing the use of dangerous chemicals will be highlighted. Proper working procedure for such substances will be consistently applied, such as using protective goggles and gloves while working with chemicals such as epoxy. MSDS sheets will be on hand at all times to refer to for safety procedures. All work done on the building of the vehicle will be closely supervised by adult mentors, who will make sure that students use proper protection and technique when handling dangerous materials and tools which inherent in the building of rockets.
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Physical Risks Risks Saws, knives, Dremel tools, band saws Sandpaper, fiberglass Drill press
Puncture wound
Soldering iron
Burns
Computer, printer Workshop risks
Electric shock
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Consequences Laceration
Mitigation All members will follow safety procedures and use protective devices to minimize risk
Abrasion
All members will follow safety procedures and use protective devices to minimize risk All members will follow safety procedures and use protective devices to minimize risk All members will follow safety procedures to minimize risk All members will follow safety procedures to minimize risk All work in the workshop will be supervised by one or more adults. The working area will be well lit and strict discipline will be required
Personal injury, material damage
Table 2: Risks that would cause physical harm to an individual
Toxicity Risks Risks Epoxy, enamel paints and primer, superglue Superglue, epoxy, enamel paints, primer
Consequences Toxic fumes
Mitigation Area will be well ventilated and there will be minimal use of possibly toxic-fume emitting substances
Toxic substance consumption
All members will follow safety procedures to minimize risk emergency procedure will be followed in case of accidental digestion
Table 3: Risks that would cause toxic harm to an individual
Rocket/Payload Risks Risks Consequences Unstable rocket Errant flight Improper motor mounting
Damage or destruction of rocket.
Weak rocket structure Propellant malfunction
Rocket structural failure Engine explosion
Parachute
Parachute failure
Mitigation Rocket stability will be verified by computer and scale model flight Engine system will be integrated into the rocket under proper supervision and used in the accordance with the manufactures’ recommendations. Rocket will be constructed with durable products to minimize risk All members will follow NAR Safety Code for High Powered Rocketry, especially the safe distance requirement. Attention of all launch participants will be required. Parachute Packaging will be double checked
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Payload Launch rail failure Separation failure Ejection falsely triggered
Recovery failure Transportation damage
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Payload failure/malfunction Errant flight Parachutes fail to deploy Unexpected/premat ure ignition/personal injury/property damage Rocket is lost Possible aberrations in launch, flight and recovery.
by team members. Deployment of parachutes will be verified during static testing. Team members will double-check all possible failure points on payload. NAR Safety code will be observed to protect all member and spectators Separation joints will be properly lubricated and inspected before launch. All other joints will be fastened securely. Proper arming and disarming procedures will be followed. External switches will control all rocket electronics. The rocket will be equipped with radio and sonic tracking beacons Rocket will be properly packaged for transportation and inspected carefully prior to launch
Table 4: Risks associated with the rocket launch
Specific Two Stage Vehicle Risks Risks Consequences Stages fail to Stage 2motor burns separate while still attached to booster Second stage No second stage motor fails to separation, rocket ignite too heavy for safe descent rate
Mitigation Make sure coupler fit is exact, and use a previously tested method for use in twostage rockets of this size Recommended staging igniters will be used and the staging electronics will thoroughly tested before each flight. Recovery of all stages is triggered by altimeters and all recovery devices will deploy even if the second stage fails to ignite. Second stage Horizontal second Our members will check that the timer is motor fires late stage flight accurately set, a reliable igniter will be used, and we will supply new batteries for each flight Motor failure Second stage We will use reliable motors and electronics. (chaff or mistakenly detects The timers require 2g+ acceleration for 0.5s CATO) launch and ignites before they trigger the timer countdown. Obstacles on Unsteady flight The barriers opposite each other will be the the rocket identical to create equal drag on each side cause an and we will be using larger fins than usual. unstable flight We will also have a scale model flight and wind tunnel testing to ensure safe flight Table 5: Risks associated with a two stage rocket launch
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Technical Design We will use a two stage vehicle for our experiment. We are measuring the characteristics of the airflow around the rocket and a two stage vehicle will provide us with two different flight profiles (a slower and short first stage boost followed by a fast second stage boost and coast). The rocket will be 158in long, 6in booster diameter, 4in sustainer diameter, the liftoff weight 38lbs (sustainer only is 13lbs). The proposed vehicle and the propulsion options are discussed in detail below. The propulsion is Kclass motor (for the booster) and J-class motor (for the sustainer). The vehicle can launch from a standard launch rail and does not need more than 6ft of launch guidance to achieve the stable flight velocity.
Entire Vehicle
Figure 1: A two dimensional schematic of the entire rocket
Vehicle Parameters Length [in]
Weight [lbs]
Diameter [in]
158 in.
37.45
6
Motor Stability Thrust Selection Margin To [calibers] Weight Ratio K1275 2.98 6.27
Table 6: The rocket’s dimensions, stability and propulsion
A
B
C
H
D
I
J
F
E
K
L
G
M
Figure 2: A three dimensional schematic of the entire rocket
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N
Madison West Rocket Club
Letter A B
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Part Nosecone
Letter H I
D
Main Parachute Sustainer E-Bay Fins
E
Transition
L
F
Booster E-Bay Fins
M
C
G
Part Payload Bay Payload Electronics Drogue Parachute Motor Mount Main Parachute Payload Electronics Motor Mount
J K
N
Table 7: Rocket sections and parts
Sustainer
Figure 3: A two dimensional schematic of the sustainer part of the rocket
Sustainer Parameters Length [in] 94
Weight [lbs] 12.67
Diameter [in]
Motor Selection
Stability Margin (calibers)
4
J540
4.74
Thrust To Weight Ratio 8.88
Table 8: The dimensions of the sustainer, stability margin and propulsion
Figure 4: A three dimensional schematic of the sustainer
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Motors Booster Motor K1275 is suggested as the first choice for the booster. It will provide sufficient thrust for the liftoff of the entire vehicle (thrust/weight ratio is 6.27) and will burn out at around 1,000ft after accelerating the rocket to about 200mph. Motor K1275
Length [mm] 569
Diameter [mm] 54
Thrust [N] 1066
Impulse [N] 2132
Burn Time [s] 2.00
Table 9: The information of our primary booster motor
Sustainer Motor After the separation from the booster, the J540 motor will deliver the sustainer to the target altitude. The maximum estimated speed is 550mph and the motor will burn for 2.33s. Motor J540
Length [mm] 326
Diameter [mm] 54
Thrust [N] 459
Impulse [N] 1070
Burn Time [s] 2.33
Table 10: The information of our primary sustainer motor
Motor Alternatives Several motor alternatives for each stage were chosen and simulated so our project is not at risk should any of the first choice motors not be available. All alternative motors satisfy the minimum thrust/weight ratio for safe flight. The higher acceleration of some of the alternative choices will not present a difficulty as both our vehicle and the payload are very robust. Booster Motor K1000 K1075 L1300 K1050
Apogee [ft] 6800 7187 7627 7498
Thrust to Weight Ratio 5.45 6.17 7.42 6.47
Table 11: Alternate motors for our booster (the apogee is calculated for flight with J540 in the sustainer)
Sustainer Motor J800 J415 J460 J357
Apogee [ft] 7430 7578 5902 6405
Thrust to Weight Ratio 11.79 7.30 7.79 5.78
Table 12: Alternate motors for our sustainer (the apogee is calculated for flight with K1275 in the booster)
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The graph below shows the simulated flight profile for K1275/J540 motor combination. A significant increase in slope is visible shortly after the first stage burnout (2.00s) and the sustainer reaches the apogee of 7,000ft twenty seconds after the ignition. At this stage of the project we consider 7,000ft “close enough” to one mile target altitude, especially considering that RockSim tends to overestimate apogees and the rocket tends to “gain weight” as the project progresses.
Figure 5: Altitude vs. time graph for K1275/J540 motor combination. The rocket reaches 7000ft at 20s after ignition.
Wind Speed vs. Altitude The effect of the wind speed on the apogee of the entire flight is investigated in the table below. Even under the worst possible conditions (wind speeds 20mph, the NAR limit) the flight apogee will differ by less than 4% from the apogee reached in windless conditions. Wind Speed [mph]
Altitude [ft]
0 5 10 15 20
6993 6971 6914 6830 6730
Percent Change in Altitude 0.00% 0.31% 1.13% 2.33% 3.76%
Table 13: Flight apogee vs. wind speed
Thrust Profile - 21 -
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The graph below shows the thrust profile for K1275/J540 motor combination. The two distinct burns are clearly visible. The K1275 motor has a 1,500N initial spike which will provide a sufficient speedup of the whole vehicle as it leaves the launch rail.
Figure 6: Thrust vs. time graph. The rocket has a maximum thrust of just over 1500 N.
From the velocity profile below we can read that the first stage will accelerate to 200mph+ before the thrust tapers off, at which point a momentary deceleration can occur. The second stage will then take over, accelerating the sustainer to 550mph+ and delivering the sustainer to the flight apogee.
Figure 7: Velocity vs. time graph. The booster motor burns out just under 2.5s. and the sustainer motor burns out at about 4.5 seconds. After burnout the rocket slows down gradually until it reaches apogee.
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Acceleration Profile The graph below depicts the estimated acceleration profile. Two separate peaks correspond to the two burns. Our rocket will be robust enough to endure the 10g+ acceleration shocks.
Figure 8: Acceleration vs. time graph. The rocket has a maximum acceleration of 7.7 gee’s for the booster and a maximum of just over 10.2 gee’s for the sustainer’s burn.
Vehicle requirements and objectives 1. Target Altitude: Rocket must reach altitude of 1 mile — (simulations show that our rocket will reach 6,900ft using K1275R motor (booster) and J540R (sustainer)). At this stage of the project we are leaving ourselves a sufficient altitude margin to cover for possible rocket design changes and weight increase. 2. Payload: the rocket carries a scientific payload (the rocket itself is a part of the payload). The payload is not time critical. The payload is reusable. 3. Robustness: Both booster and sustainer must withstand acceleration up to 20g — (we will construct rocket from fiberglass tubing, G10 sheets (for fins) using industrial strength epoxy glue (West Epoxy) with fillers. We will mount the fins using through the wall construction in order to improve robustness). 4. Safe Recovery: Booster and sustainer must land undamaged and suitable for re-flight — We will utilize dual deployment scheme with redundant charges and ejection triggers to ensure the ejection and will determine and verify the sizes of parachutes and ejection charges during - 23 -
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static tests. Because of the low apogee (1,000ft) the booster will use a simple recovery only (parachute ejected at apogee of first stage flight, after the second stage separation). Ejection charges will be triggered by commercially available e-matches. 5. Propulsion: Rocket must attain a thrust to weight ratio of at least 5.0 at liftoff and sustainer separation — (simulations show that our entire rocket attains a ratio of 9.5 at liftoff and that our sustainer attains a ratio of 11.5 at second stage ignition). Both motors contain solid ammonium perchlorate based propellant and the total impulse of the vehicle is less than 4,000Ns. 6. Stability: Rocket must have a stability margin of at least 2.0 calibers — (our entire rocket has a stability margin of 3.0 calibers and our sustainer has a stability margin of 4.5 calibers). 7. Launch: the rocket can launch from a standard launch rail and it needs less than 6ft of launch guidance to achieve the stable flight velocity. 8. Stage Separation: Sustainer must separate cleanly from booster at second stage separation — (we will employ proper connections between the two stages to ensure separation). We will also use a separation charge that will separate the booster from the sustainer before the second stage ignites. 9. Second Stage Ignition: second stage must ignite on time. We will use two independent timers each firing an igniter. We will test the timers before the flight and install fresh batteries prior each flight. 10. Preparation: the vehicle will not take more than 4 hours to prepare for the flight. The payload is built-in into the rocket itself and needs no preparation (with the exception of erasing the memory banks and verifying that the proper firmware is loaded). 11. Data: data will collected during the flight and analyzed after the vehicle (including the flight computers) is recovered. 12. Recovery: we are using a standard dual deployment scheme and we except that both stages will land relatively close to the launch pad. The sonic and radio beacons will be used to aid us in the vehicle tracking and recovery, should the excessive drift occur. 13. Prohibited items: we are not using flashbulbs, rear ejection, forward firing motors or forward canards on our vehicle. The vehicle does not exceed Mach 1.
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Madison West Rocket Club
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Major Challenges and Solutions for a Two Stage Rocket 1. Staging: Flying a two stage rocket is a major challenge requiring careful design, construction and operation of the vehicle. We will use two redundant timers to separate the rocket and ignite the second stage motor. A low current igniter will be used to ignite the second stage and the staging electronics will be thoroughly tested prior each launch. New batteries will be installed for each flight to ensure sufficient electrical current for the second stage igniter. 2. Recovery: A single deployment will be used for the booster as it reaches only 1,000ft. The sustainer will utilize the dual deployment technique to minimize the drift and risk of vehicle loss. We will also make sure that if the rocket doesn’t stage, the parachutes will still be deployed and both stages will land safely. 3. Data collection: Collecting data from both booster and sustainer: we will have separate (but identical) electronics boards to collect data separately. This means that we will not need a data connection between the two stages. 4. Integration: Sensors are placed along the rocket and without a modification to the rocket they would be in the ejection path (which is unacceptable). We will introduce an inner tube where the parachute will be held. The wires that run to the sensors will go in between the inner and outer tube therefore will not obstruct deployment of the parachutes and will not be damaged by the ejection gases. 5. A large complex rocket: We will make sure that our stability margins and thrust to weight ratio are within acceptable standards and we will repeatedly test all electronic components to ensure a safe flight and recovery.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Experiment Design We will be investigating the disturbances in the air flow around the rocket caused by obstacles on the rocket body and compare the pressure data from the rocket flight with those obtained from a wind tunnel test. Commercial rockets are often tested in a wind tunnel before flight. However, due to limitations in achievable air speed and air speed changes, wind tunnels can accurately simulate an actual rocket flight only to some extent. Commercial rockets often have protrusions on the body, such as fuel lines, that may change the air flow around the rocket. During the flight the rocket experiences large range of rapidly changing velocities and such conditions are not easily simulated in the wind tunnel. Our rocket is equipped with an array of pressure and temperature sensors and thus provides an opportunity to test the effects of such protrusions during the actual rocket flight. We will also compare the actual flight data to wind tunnel data to determine the accuracy of wind tunnel testing.
Figure 9: An example of the separation of the boundary layer and developing turbulent region. We expect to observe similar effects as the air flow around our rocket in the wind tunnel. (http://www.standardcirrus.org/SmokeBubble.jpg)
In order to gain sufficient knowledge to propose our experiment, we have met with Prof. Bonazza at UW Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. During our research meeting with we discovered that the wind tunnel can only provide limited speeds that change slowly, which, while fine when testing airplane wings, might be inadequate for rocket flight due to the quickly changing speeds and air speeds beyond the capabilities of the wind tunnel. This led us to question about the applicability of the results from the wind tunnel testing to the real rocket performance in actual flight. To gain a further insight into this problem, we propose to measure the airflow changes around our rocket in the wind tunnel and then contrast with the data measured during an actual rocket flight. Our rocket will have four small obstacles on the rocket body and 28 pressure/temperature sensors surrounding the obstacles and fins. - 26 -
Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Figure 10: A drawing of the rocket that includes the location of the pressure/temperature sensors and obstacles simulating protrusions such as fuel lines or electronic boxes. The pressure/temperature sensors are shown in red, the obstacles are blue.
This sensor array will allow us to measure the pressure and temperature profile along the rocket body both when the rocket is placed in the wind tunnel and during the actual flight. The wind tunnel at UW Dept. of Engineering is capable of generating airspeeds up to 200mph, which is similar to what the booster of our rocket will experience. The comparison of the flight data collected during the first stage burn and the wind tunnel data will tell us how reliable is it to use the wind tunnel for simulation of a low speed rocket flight. The data from the second stage burn and coast will not have a complete counterpart from the wind tunnel and thus will provide a unique opportunity to learn about the airflow around the rocket at the speeds that cannot be achieved during the wind tunnel tests. The figure below shows the experiment sequence for the flight of our rocket. Two different velocity profiles will be investigated (one profile per each stage). The pressure and temperature data will be recorded at least 100 times per second at 28 different places on the rocket body (see the previous picture for the location of sensors). All data are saved in nonvolatile memory.
Figure 11: Experiment Sequence. 1. The two stage rocket takes off. 2. Air flows around the obstacles on the rocket body and strategically placed temperature and pressure sensors record the changes in temperature and pressure at least 100 times per second. 3. The second stage ignites and the same data are collected except now the rocket flies faster. 4. All the collected data are immediately saved into non-volatile memory. 5. The rocket reaches the apogee, deploys the parachutes and lands safely. 6. The data are retrieved from the flight computer and analyzed. 7. The final report is written.
A similar experiment will be conducted in a wind tunnel. Because of the limitations of the wind tunnel, the airspeed will not exceed 200mph and will be either constant or changing only slowly. However, 200mph airspeed correlates well with the flight conditions of the first stage of our rocket. Additionally, in the wind tunnel we will be able to use tracking smoke and observe the airflow patterns directly.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Flight Sequence
6
7
5
2
3 8
1
4
9
Figure 12: Flight sequence of the rocket from liftoff to touchdown 1. First stage burn 2. Stage separation 3. Booster coasts to its apogee and deploys main parachute 4. Booster lands safely 5. Second stage motor burn 6. Sustainer reaches apogee, deploys drogue parachute 7. Descent under drogue 8. Main parachute deploys, slowing rocket to safe landing speed of 15-20 fps 9. Sustainer lands safely
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Sensors Placement and Data Collection We will be measuring the disturbances in air flow by using temperature and pressure sensors in various locations, as shown in the picture below, around the fins and obstacles both in a wind tunnel and in the actual flight. The data collected will be compared to identify any significant differences in air flow between the wind tunnel tests and the actual flight.
1 2
2
2
Figure 13: The pressure sensors (2) are located on either side of the obstacle (1), one on the fore end and two on the aft end.
The picture below shows different shapes of protrusions/obstacles that we are considering for our experiment. Other shapes/sizes can be considered as well.
Figure 14: Different obstacles as shown in the figure above can be placed onto the rocket.
Figure 15: Diagram showing position of pressure sensors in the payload. The sensors and the wiring are isolated from the parachutes and shockcords (the parachute is stored in the inner tube and the sensors are between the inner and outer tube).
The figure below shows our solution to the problem of sensors and wires obstructing the ejection path for the parachute. We will use an inner tube to house the parachute and the shockcord. All sensors and wires will be between the inner and outer tube and thus cannot interfere with the deployment or recovery devices or get damaged by the ejection gases. - 29 -
Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Electronics Our payload will require significant electronics to collect the airflow and atmospheric data. We have had success designing and building electronics boards in the past, and we can apply that knowledge and experience to this year’s project. This year, we will be collecting data on a much larger scale than in previous years. We will have a total of 28 sensor packages distributed around the rocket, collecting temperature and pressure data. Additionally, we will collect acceleration data for both stages and humidity data for the entire vehicle. We will design, build and program an electronic board for collection of date regarding the airflow around our rocket. Temperature (T), pressure (P), altitude (A), and acceleration (X, Y, Z) will be sampled one hundred times every second and stored in the onboard non-volatile memory (flash memory). As of now, we do not plan to utilize the data collection board for deployment purposes.
Figure 16: The four different sensor categories (thermometers, pressure sensors, three-axis accelerometer, and hygrometer), which will communicate the collected data to the CPU. The CPU will access the EEPROM memory to determine the data collection process. Once the CPU receives the data, it is transmitted to the Flash memory chip for
The temperature will be measured thermocouples or thermoresistors and the pressure data will be obtained from a transducer type pressure sensors (we have already located sensors with response time of 1ms). We will run preliminary experiments in the wind tunnel to determine the ranges of temperature and pressure changes. This will allow us to select the thermocouples and pressure sensors that will be the best fit for our experiment. - 30 -
Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
We will use Parallax Propeller chip as the central processing unit for our data collection board. The Propeller chip has 8 cores, each core running at 80MHz and it is capable to achieve the desired data collection frequency. A flash memory will be used for the data storage, while the firmware will be placed in the EEPROM (allowing for easy reprogramming). Temperature (T), humidity (H), pressure (P) and acceleration (A, three coordinates) will all be stored as 16 bit words. We will be sampling temperature and pressure at 28 points on the rocket, 12 in the sustainer and 16 in the booster. The booster and the sustainer will have independent data collection and storage controls, so we will design our system to accommodate the sustainer, as it requires more storage and processing than the booster. The booster pressure and temperature readings will generate 6,400 bytes of data each second. Additionally the booster 3D accelerometer will provide 600 bytes of data per second and the hygrometer will add another 200 bps. We will read the hygrometer at the same frequency as the other sensors to keep the data structure simple (even though its response time is much slower, 0.15s). The booster motor burn takes about 3 seconds and we plan on collecting data for 6 seconds to make sure we do not stop the data collection too soon (no data are collected on the descent). In total, 43kB of data will be recorded by the booster. Using a similar calculation, we find that the booster will generate 168kB of data over 30 seconds of data collection period. A 256kB flash memory chip will be thus sufficient for data storage during flight. However, the wind tunnel test may require longer times and thus we will use 1MB flash memory chips in our design (there is no significant price difference between 256kB and 1MB memory chips).
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Figure 17: Data storage requirements and data structure for the booster (data storage requirements shown for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5s).
Figure 18: Data storage requirements and data structure for the sustainer (shown for 1, 2, 3, 29 and 30s)
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Data and Corellations Independent Variables Type and location of obstacles………………. Air density outside of rocket……..…………… Speed of air flow………………………………. Humidity……………………………………...… Air pressure…………………………………….. Air temperature………………………………… Acceleration profile………………………..
L D S H P T X,Y,Z
Dependent Variables Pressure at each sensor………….………….. Yx Temperature at each sensor…...................…. Tx Correlations Our primary correlations will be Yx=f(L) and Yx=f(S) for both the wind tunnel test and the actual flight, which will be compared to determine the accuracy of wind tunnel testing.
Further correlations in the actual flight include the relationships between temperature and selected independent variables and the relationships between pressure and selected independent variables.
We expect that detailed analysis of the aforementioned correlations will provide us with a better understanding of the effects of protrusions on the rocket and the accuracy of wind tunnel testing. In addition to the data measured by the sensors, we will be able to use visible tracers (e. g. smoke) in the wind tunnel to gain more insight into the airflow changes around the rocket.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Challenges and Solutions High Data Rate: In order to obtain an accurate pressure profile, data must be collected and stored 100 times per second and stored. In order to achieve this high data rate we will utilize both powerful hardware (a multicore 32bit microprocessor with 80MHz clock) and efficient software (the speed critical functions will be written in assembly language to maximize the execution speeds). We have already located pressure sensors with response time of 1ms, however we are still researching our options for temperature measurements (this is not a critical point though, as the pressure is the most important quantity to measure). Payload/Vehicle Integration: In addition to the inherent complexities of a two stage vehicle, due to the design of the experiment, the payload and the rocket are closely connected. A careful integration must occur to insure that the payload and rocket do not interfere with each other, especially the location of sensors and ejection paths had to be carefully negotiated. Data Collection in Wind Tunnel: in the wind tunnel, we will not have the possibility to use the G-switches to activate the data collection and further, the wind tunnel turbines needs some time to come up to the desired speed. A different data collection trigger will be needed for the wind tunnel experiment. The preliminary solution is to monitor the sensors and only activate the data storage routines when the desired air speed is detected (air speed can be computed from the pressure differences on the sensors).
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Outreach Community Support After six years of the club existence, we are well known at various departments of UW and many researchers are willing to work with us. During the five year of our participation in SLI we have met with a number of people from various departments within the University of Wisconsin-Madison, including Professor McCammon from the department of Physics, Professor Eloranta from the department of Atmospheric Sciences, Professor Pawley from the department of Zoology, and Professors Anderson and Bonazza from the department of Mechanical Engineering. These contacts have been used to help us determine the feasibility of our experiments. Several UW departments also agreed to assist our team if technological information or special instrumentation is needed during the experiment. DNASTAR Inc. and the UW Space Place have allowed us to use their buildings during the weekends. We hold our research meetings at DNASTAR and use the workshop space at UW Space Place. Every year we raise funds by raking leaves during autumn in local neighborhoods. We find this is an excellent way to earn the support of the community and increase our visibility. Due to our second place ranking at the TARC finals two years ago we were featured in several newspapers, including the Capital Times and the Wisconsin State Journal. We also participate in various kinds of public service, namely volunteer work for public television and radio and also occasional work for state parks and nature trails. While this is not directly related to our research and activities, the work donated to our community helps us to maintain a favorable presence in our town.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Outreach Programs We began this year by helping at a launch held for approximately 1,000 girl scouts, ages 5-12. Even though the weather on September 13th was rather rainy, it was still an excellent opportunity to both increase our clubs visibility and help numerous young girls get interested in model rocketry.
Figure 19: An SLI member (Zoe Batson) helps a troop finish assembly on their rocket, with both girls and parents watching attentively.
The girl scouts built small rockets using the Viper kits and A-class motors under the supervision of our club. Each troop had one or two students helping them construct their rockets, and another member of the club checked each rocket before flight to make sure they were ready to be launched. They girls then took their rockets over to the launch pad to be flown, while they watched from a safe distance. Over 100 Viper rockets were built and flown, most using A-class motors with few selected ones powered by motors as powerful as C6-5 (10Ns total impulse). Currently we are waiting for the Girls Scout Council to provide us with exact number of participants and rocket built and once we received this information, we will submit an article to the Sport Rocketry magazine.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Figure 20: The excited girls watch from behind a roped line as their rockets finally take off. The rockets from previous SLI projects were used to decorate the launch area.
Working with the scouts not only helped them learn about rocketry, but also helped us develop our leadership and mentoring skills. We also received several positive comments from the girls’ parents, one asking if a similar program might be done with the boy scouts as well. We are actively pursuing that opportunity as it would allow us to continue to spread our visibility and expose even more children to model rocketry. Besides this program, we also recruited new members for our club at Madison West High School (our current membership is above 40 students mark). The fresh members will participate in TARC, along with a few returning members from our SLI teams. TARC club meetings have already started for this school year, with interested new members learning about the basics of rocket design, building and operation.
Figure 21: Our station at the Girl Scout event, where an estimated 1,500 girl scouts built and launched their own rockets with the help of our club.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Timeline Project Plan August 08 September 08
24th
Initial brainstorming sessions
14th
Start payload design Start vehicle design Start payload-vehicle integration Research experiment and complete proposal
7th29th October 08
1st 22nd 23rd 31st
November 08
2nd 5th 28th
December 08
1st-7th 7th 21st 20th4th
January 09
4th 4th11th 11th 18th 22nd 24th or 31st 28th-
Proposal due to NASA Awards granted. Schools notified of selection Submit Payment Information Form SLI Teams Teleconference NASA media announces new 2007-2008 SLI Teams Begin work on Preliminary Design Review Report (PDR) Web presence established Submit PDR to NASA and post PDR on team website. Acquire supplies for scale model Begin work on scale model Begin work on Critical Design Review (CDR) and CDR Presentation Winter Break Scale model completed Acquire supplies for full-scale vehicle and payload Begin construction of payload Begin construction of full-scale vehicle Website completely designed and functional Submit CDR to NASA and post CDR on website. CDR Presentation Practice CDR Presentation (tentative) - 38 -
Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW 6th
February 09
15th 22nd
March 09
1st 22nd 23rd 24th
Full-scale rocket completed Payload-vehicle integration completed Test flight of sustainer Begin work on Flight Readiness Review (FRR) Test flight of two-stage full-scale vehicle Payload construction completed. Submit FRR to NASA and post FRR on website FRR Presentation Practice
20th or 27th 21st Start final touch-ups and preparations for trip 25thFRR Presentation (tentative) 3rd April 09
May 09
12th 15th 16th 18th 19th 20th
Rocket ready for launch Travel to Huntsville Rocket Fair/Hardware & Safety Check USLI Launch Day SLI Launch Day Travel Home
22nd
Post Launch Assessment Review (PLAR)
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Budget and Travel Budget Budget Vehicle Tubing Fin Material PerfectFlite MAWD Altimeter (x4)* PerfectFlite miniTimer3 (x2)* Parachutes, recovery gear* Waltson Tracking System* Miscellaneous supplies (tools, glues)
$400 $50 $0 $0 $0 $0 $50
Tubing Fin Material
$50 $10
Scale Model Motors K1000 J540 (x2)
$50 $160 $180
Scale Model
Motors
0 Payload Sensors Custom Data Acquisition System (DAS) Total: * Already in possession
$300 $200 $1450
Trip Budget Flight $400/person x 10 people
$4000
$119/ night and room x 5 rooms x 4
$2,380
$400 rental + $419 gas
$819
Rooms Ground Support Total:
$7,199
NASA Support Member Cost
$7,199 – $1,200.00 $5,999 / 9 members
$5,999 $667 per member
Our club already owns a large selection of tools and parts that have been left over from our past projects. We plan to utilize all parts and tools that we already have in our possession to lower the total cost of rocket and payload construction. The money saved will be used to buy additional motors in order to allow us to perform more flights and collect more data.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
We also conduct fundraising in the fall to raise money for TARC and to cover any budget overruns in our SLI projects. This will cover the difference between the cost of our project and the grant provided by NASA. We can also use this money to defray the costs of our travel.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Educational Standards A) Wisconsin’s Model Academic Standards English/Language Arts Reading and Literature A.12.4 Students will read to acquire information • Analyze and synthesize the concepts and details encountered in informational texts such as reports, technical manuals, historical papers, and government documents • Draw on and integrate information from multiple sources when acquiring knowledge and developing a position on a topic of interest Writing B.12.1 Create or produce writing to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes • Prepare and publish technical writing such as memos, applications, letters, reports and resumes for various audiences, attending to details of layout and format as appropriate to purpose B.12.2 Plan, revise, edit and publish clear and effective writing. Oral Language C.12.1 Prepare and deliver formal oral presentations appropriate to specific purposes and audiences Language D.12.1 Develop their vocabulary and ability to use words, phrases, idioms, and various grammatical structures as a means of improving communication Media and Technology E.04.3 Create products appropriate to audience and purpose • Write news articles appropriate for familiar media E.12.1 Use computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate Information Research and Inquiry F.12.1 Conduct research and inquiry on self-selected or assigned topics, issues, or problems and use an appropriate form to communicate their findings. • Formulate questions addressing issues or problems that can be answered through a well defined and focused investigation • Use research tools found in school and college libraries, take notes collect and classify sources, and develop strategies for finding and recording information • Conduct interviews, taking notes or recording and transcribing oral information, then summarizing the results
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
• Develop research strategies appropriate to the investigation, considering methods such as questionnaires, experiments and field studies • Organize research materials and data, maintaining a note-taking system that includes summary, paraphrase, and quoted material • Evaluate the usefulness and credibility of data and sources by applying tests of evidence including bias, position, expertise, adequacy, validity, reliability, and date • Analyze, synthesize, and integrate data, drafting a reasoned report that supports and appropriately illustrates inferences and conclusions drawn from research • Present findings in oral and written reports, correctly citing sources Mathematics Mathematical Processes A.12.4 Develop effective oral and written presentations employing correct mathematical terminology, notation, symbols, and conventions for mathematical arguments and display of data A.12.5 Organize work and present mathematical procedures and results clearly, systematically, succinctly, and correctly Number Operations and Relationships B.12.6 Routinely assess the acceptable limits of error when • evaluating strategies • testing the reasonableness of results • using technology to carry out computations Geometry C.12.1 Identify, describe, and analyze properties of figures, relationships among figures, and relationships among their parts by constructing physical models C.12.2 Use geometric models to solve mathematical and real-world problems C.12.5 Identify and demonstrate an understanding of the three ratios used in right triangle trigonometry Measurement D.12.1 Identify, describe, and use derived attributes (e.g., density, speed acceleration, pressure) to represent and solve problem situations D.12.2 Select and use tools with appropriate degree of precision to determine measurements directly within specifies degrees of accuracy and error Statistics and Probability E.12.1 Work with data in the context of real-world situations by • Formulating hypotheses that lead to collection and analysis of one and two variable data • Designing a data collection plan that considers random sampling, control groups, the role of assumptions, etc. • Conducting an investigation based on that plan
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
• Using technology to generate displays, summary statistics, and Presentations Algebraic Relationships F.12.2 Use mathematical functions (e.g., linear, exponential, quadratic, power) in a variety of ways, including • using appropriate technology to interpret properties of their graphical representations (e.g., intercepts, slopes, rates of change, changes in rates of change, maximum, minimum) F.12.4 Model and solve a variety of mathematical and real-world problems by using algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities Science Science Connections A.12.3 Give examples that show how partial systems, models and explanations are used to give quick and reasonable solutions that are accurate enough for basic needs A.12.5 Show how the ideas and themes of science can be used to make real-life decisions about careers, work places, life-styles, and use of resources Science Inquiry C.12.2 Identify issues from an area of science study, write questions that could by investigated, review previous research on these questions, and design and conduct responsible and safe investigations to help answer the questions C.12.6 Present the results of investigations to groups concerned with the issues, explaining the meaning and implications of the results, and answering questions in terms the audience can understand Motions and Forces D.12.7 Qualitatively and quantitatively analyze changes in the motion of objects and the forces that act on them and represent analytical data both algebraically and graphically Science Applications G.12.1 Identify personal interests in science and technology, implications that these interests might have for future education, and decisions to be considered G.12.2 Design, build, evaluate, and revise models and explanations related to the earth and space, life and environmental, and physical sciences
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
B) National Science Education Standards Science and Technology (9-12) Content Standard E Students should develop • Abilities of technological design • Understanding about science and technology Science as Inquiry (9-12) Content Standard A Students should develop • Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understandings about scientific inquiry
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Second year project complexity Our project this year is much more complex and involved, both from a rocketry standpoint and a science standpoint. We are proposing a two-stage rocket in order to achieve a more complete picture of how airflow changes at different speeds and an experiment involving preflight wind tunnel testing, more data collection in-flight, and detailed data analysis post-flight. The challenges of high-power two-stage rocket flight are manifold. We must successfully separate the sustainer from the booster, ignite the sustainer motor, and then recover the booster and the sustainer separately. We have three rocketry mentors who all have experience with multistage rocket flights and will be able to guide us through this process. With hard work and concentration, we will be able to safely and successfully fly a two-stage rocket. Our experiment is also more complex, involving many stages of data collection and analysis. First, we will conduct wind tunnel tests using smoke streams and stability monitors. Then we will fly our rocket and collect airflow data while the speed is changing rapidly. Finally, we must compare the data from a specific speed in the wind tunnel to a speed during the flight and with the data from faster speeds during flight, which may or may not correspond. Fortunately, we have talked with several professors at the University of Wisconsin who are willing to help us and will allow us to use a wind tunnel for our pre-flight testing. The project will present many challenges, however we will be able to find solutions to all of them. Our prior experience in TARC and SLI 2008 will give us a starting point for this year, and our rocketry mentors and our contacts at the University of Wisconsin will be able to guide us through the construction and implementation.
Rocket Program Sustainability In school program The rocketry program at Madison West High School is now in its sixth year and it continues to strive to provide challenges and opportunities to interested students. All new members participate in the TARC contest, which provides them with a foundation of basic rocketry knowledge and skills and gives them the opportunity to earn an invitation into the NASA SLI program. At the end of the 2006/2007 school year we began offering the opportunity to earn an NAR High Power Level-1 Certification to all students who have proven their skills in the TARC contest. The very first student to complete this short program, Jacinth Sohi, earned her L1 certification on August 11, 2007. Ben Winokur, the second student to earn his L1 certification, earned his qualification in June of 2008. Several other students expressed their interest in pursuing the same goal and Level 1 certification is now a part of our new 10K program.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Returning students either pursue their SLI invitation or move into our 10K initiative (a program with the objective to launch a sounding rocket with a 10,000ft altitude target). Many returning students also decide to participate in TARC again because they enjoyed the experience so much in previous years. A new program, called 10K (meaning 10,000ft target altitude) is offered this year to the students with at least one year of TARC experience. The students attend a series of lectures about high power rocketry and then work to achieve NAR L1 HPR Jr certification. Upon a successful completion of the certification attempt, the Level 1 certified students will form a team and propose a sounding rocket experiment with 10,000ft target altitude. The hybrid propulsion will be encouraged for this project. Veteran students are encouraged to work with the younger students to gain leadership and mentorship skills. Several of the older students enjoy this opportunity. Last year, Rehan Quraishi, a student who already graduated from Madison West returned to our club as a junior mentor. We certainly hope that this is just the beginning of a sustained trend. The mentorship of the younger students is not a one way street. In the 2006/2007 school year, our TARC teams were the first teams ever in our club to use a microcontroller as a part of their contest strategy. The newly acquired technology was warmly embraced by many older students and in the 2007/2008 year each of our projects used a custom printed circuit board designed and programmed by the students. We have both a professional electronic engineer and a professional software engineer to assist us in this area. In 2009 season the TARC teams will again take the initiative in research and development with their new flight computer for TARC contest, Partnerships We continue to enjoy our professional relationship with the UW researchers. Since our founding in 2003, we have worked with researchers from at least seven different departments and we are also welcomed at UW Space Place outreach center, where most of our work sessions take place. Most of our academic work, including design meeting, writing workshops and practice sessions for our presentations take place at the conference rooms of DNASTAR, Inc., a small bioinformatics company in Madison West area. We are allowed to use DNASTAR’s conference rooms including the high quality projection technology and the high-speed network. All this technology has been a great help to our research, brainstorming and presentation meetings. Occasionally (on a project need basis) we receive support from Camera Co., a local photography store. Grants Similarly to last year, we will continue applying for various education grants to support our projects. We also plan to apply for the Wisconsin Space Consortium open grant.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Mentors We now have five dedicated mentors who work with the students on all levels of our rocketry program. We are continuously seeking new mentors; however the time demands and the necessity of a long-term commitment are often the major prohibitive factors for many working professionals. Nevertheless, a computer science teacher joined our ranks recently and will be helping the students with microprocessor programming and web maintenance tasks. Parents More and more parents are taking active roles in supporting the club. Parents with scientific backgrounds often help students with proposing and analyzing the experiments or reaching other scientists, and parents with expertise in engineering have helped with the development of experimental equipment, while other parents help with membership recruitment and support drives, organizing the fundraisers and helping with the major launches (food and transportation). Last year a parent of one the SLI2008 team members took an active role in manufacturing of payload components and procuring power tools, such as a band saw and a drill press. This year we have two additional professional engineers offering to help the SLI teams during payload design, construction and testing. Outreach and Visibility In order to maintain dynamic development of our club, each year we concentrate on mastering or improving our skills in one specific area. As an example, in 2005/2006 we had established our permanent web presence and in 2006/2007 we learned the basics of micro-controller technology. In 2007/2008 we focused on public outreach and increasing the visibility of our program via various publications and media presence. In cooperation with a local television station, WKOW-TV, we organized a launch that was recorded and then broadcast on an evening news program. In the 2008/2009 season, we are focusing more on reaching out toward younger members of our community. We began the year by coordinating a launch with the local Girl Scout Council. We will help promote rocketry in the community by getting young people interested. This year, we also hope to organize similar launches with local elementary or middle schools.
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Madison West Rocket Club
SLI 2009 SOW
Appendix A: Resume for Zoë 4906 Fond du Lac Trail Madison, WI 53705
[email protected] Education: Franklin Elementary School (Madison, WI)-Grades K to 2 Randall Elementary School (Madison, WI)-Grades 3 to 5 Hamilton Middle School (Madison, WI)-Grades 6 to 8 West High School (Madison, WI)-Grades 9 to present Languages: English, Learning Latin Hobbies and Interests: Biology and History Conservation of our Natural Resources Hiking, Camping, Rafting, and Backpacking. Lacrosse, Skiing, and Wind surfing Wildlife Biology and Animal Anatomy Extra Curricular Activities, Awards and Experience: Biology Honors Club (06-07) Westside Girls Lacrosse Team (06-07) Trees for Tomorrow (06-07) Volunteering at Black Hawk Ski Club (05-08) Rocket Club- TARC, 2nd Place at Nationals(06-07), 36th place at nationals (0708) Rocket Club- SLI (07-08) Wisconsin Junior Classical League State Convention - First: Roman History Awards at WJCL (Test scores, certamen, t-shirt design) - First: Greek History and Literature - Second: Mythology - Second: Latin Literature - Second: Certamen (a team trivia game) - Second: T-shirt design - Third: Roman Private Life - Third: Latin Derivatives - Fifth: Greek Derivatives and Vocabulary - Seventh: Pentathlon - Eight: Reading Comprehension Work Experience: Volunteers at Black Hawk Ski Club, 05-present Bagger at Metcalf's Sentry, 07-08
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Madison West Rocket Club
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Appendix B: Resume for Maia 5129 Pepin Pl. Madison, WI 53705
[email protected] Education: Midvale Elementary School (Madison, Wisconsin) – Grades K to 2 Van Hise Elementary School (Madison, Wisconsin) – Grades 3 to 5 Hamilton Middle School (Madison, Wisconsin) – Grades 6 to 8 West High School (Madison, Wisconsin) – Grades 9 to Present Languages: English, Intermediate Spanish, and Old English Volunteer Service: Volunteer at Alicia Ashman Madison Public Library – 2007 to 2008 Volunteer Ski Instructor – 2005 to Present Music: Oboe - Solo and Ensemble Festival; 1 Ranking, Class A Solo – 2007 - Solo and Ensemble Festival; 1* Ranking, Class A Solo - 2008 - Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestra; Philharmonia Orchestra Oboist – 2007 to Present - Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestra; Concert Orchestra Principal Oboist - 2006 - West High School Honor Band; Oboist – 2007 to Present - West High School Freshman Band; Oboist – 2006 to 2007 - Madison Middle School All-City Honor Band; Oboist – 2004 to 2006 - Taken Private Instruction – 2004 to Present Piano - Taken Private Instruction – 2000 to 2008 Other - Alto Saxophone - Highland Bagpipes - Native Flute Academic Interests: Science; interested in Biology and Physics Literature; interested in Norse and Anglo-Saxon Poetry, Mythology, and Classical European Literature Other Interests: Website Design and Coding Computer Graphics and Art - 50 -
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Traveling and other Cultures
Achievements: Member of the 2nd Place Team in TARC 2007 Received a 1* Ranking in the Solo Ensemble Festival; Oboe, A Rank Solo – 2008 Solo and Ensemble Festival; 1 Ranking, Class A Solo – 2007 State Participant on a Velma Hamilton Future Problem Solver Team Honors Classes: Geometry Accelerated Algebra II Trig. Honors Accelerated Math Physics Biology Accelerated AP Computer Science Honor Band European Literature Honors English Literature Honors
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Appendix C: Resume for John 2130 Chadbourne Avenue Madison, WI 53726
[email protected] Academic Experience: Franklin Elementary School (1998-2000) Randall Elementary School (2000-2003) Velma Hamilton Middle School (2003-2006) Madison West High School (class of ’10) GPA 4.0 Interests: Computers and Technology, Running, Biking, Music, Rocketry Achievements, Awards and Honors: Future Problem Solving State Qualification (Junior Level) (2002) Future Problem Solving State Qualification (Junior Level) (2004) Velma Hamilton Middle School Honor Roll (2003-2006) Madison West High School Honor Roll (2006-) Solo and Ensemble Festival (Alto Saxophone, Class C, Score 1) (2006) Solo and Ensemble Festival (Alto Saxophone, Class B, Score 1) (2007) Team America Rocketry Challenge Finals (2nd Place) (2007) Spanish Honor Society Member (2008- ) Extracurricular Activities: West High Rocket Club (2006-) 2nd Place in Team America Rocketry Challenge Finals Student Support Foundation West (2007-) Cross Country (2006-) Track (2006) Madison West Jazz Too (2006-) Madison West Pep Band (2006-) Madison West Freshman Band (2006-2007) Madison West Concert Band (2007-2008) Madison West Honor Band (2008- ) Alto Saxophone Lessons (2003-) Guitar Lessons (2002-2007) Volunteer Work: Luther Memorial Church (Sound Board Operator) (2006- ) Brat Fest (2007, 2008) Wisconsin Public Television (Office Assistant) (Summer 2007) Atwood Community Center (Food Pantry Worker) (Summer 2008) Blackhawk Girl Scout Council Rocket Launch (2008)
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Work Experience: Laurits R. Christensen Assoc. Office Assistant (Summer 2008)
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Appendix D: Resume for Tenzin 5721 Rosslare Lane Fitchburg, WI 53711
[email protected] Academic Experience: Glenn Stephens Elementary School (1998-2003) Cherokee Heights Middle School (2003-2006) Madison West High School (Class of '10) GPA 3.97 Tibetan Language School (1999-) Interests: Technology Math Soccer History Music Rocketry Science Achievements, Awards and Honors: Cherokee Heights Middle School Honor Roll (2003-2006) Madison West High School Honor Roll (2006-) Team America Rocketry Challenge Finalist (2007) Spanish Honor Society (2007-) Extracurricular Activities: Soccer Madison West Soccer Team (2006-2007) Regent Kings Soccer Team (2007-) Cooking Club (2006-2007) Asian Club (2006-2008) Smaller Learning Community Commissions (2006-) Volunteer Help Squad (2007-2008) Tibetan Culture School (1999-) Tibetan Dance School (1999-) Student Council (2008-) Health Occupation Students of America (2008-)
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Appendix E: Resume for Alec 2918 Grandview Blvd. Madison, WI 53713 Phone: (608) 288-8952 Academic Experience Aldo Leopold Elementary School (1996–2002) Cherokee Middle School (2002-2005) Madison West High School(2005-present(12th grade)) GPA 4.0 Interests Camping, Hiking, Kayaking, Canoeing, Fishing, Rocketry, Biking, Baseball, Guitar, French Horn, Piano, Crew Achievements, Honors and Awards Cherokee Middle School Honor Roll(2002-2005) Madison West High Honor Roll(2005-) 1st in State-Bottle Rockets-2005 Science Olympiad American Legion Award(2005) Solo Ensemble Festival (instrument: French horn, class: c, score: 1)(2004) Madison West High School Science Service Award (2008) Extra Curricular Activities Fitchburg Rec. Soccer(1996-2003) Fitchburg Rec. Baseball(1997-2003) Guitar Lessons(1999-2005) Science Olympiad(2005) Cherokee Middle School French Club(2003-2005) Cherokee Middle School Canoeing Club(2002-2004) Cherokee Middle School Ping Pong Club(2003-2004) Solo Ensemble Festival(2004) UW Encore French Horn Program(2004-) Madison All City Honor Band(2005) Madison West High School Rocketry(2005-) UW high school Arabidopsis Project (2006) Madison West Freshman Band(2005-2006) Madison West Concert Band(2006-) Madison West Freshman Baseball(2006) Madison West Peer Tutor(2006-) Camp Randall Rowing Club(2007) Brazil Research Trip(Summer 2007) Madison West French Honor Society(2007-) Madison Rotary Ethics Symposium (2008) Madison West High School National Honor Society (2008-) - 55 -
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National Youth Leadership Forum on Medicine(Summer 2008) Madison West Honor Band(2008-)
Work Experience and Volunteer Work National UW Club Concessions Vendor(2003-) Summer Reading Program(Verona Library) (2003) Great Dane Pub and Brewery (busboy) (2007-)
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Appendix F: Resume for Connie 3905 Birch Ave. Madison, WI 53711 Education: Kindergarten of Shaanxi Normal University (1994-1998) Lab School of Shaanxi Normal University (1998-1999) University Terrace Elementary School (1999-2000) Baton Rouge Center for Visual and Performing Arts (2000-2001) Buchanan Elementary School, Talented and Gifted Program (2001-2003) Glasgow Middle School, Talented and Gifted Program (2003) Velma Hamilton Middle School (2004-2006) West High School (2006- present) Languages: Fluent in English and Mandarin; learning French, Welsh, and Latin Activities and Achievements: Rocketry - 2nd place team in Team America Rocketry Challenge (2007) - NASA Student Launch Initiative (2007-2008)
Science Olympiad - Wisconsin South Regional Tournament (2007 and 2008) - Wisconsin State Tournament (2007 and 2008) - National Tournament (2007)
Students Modeling a Research Topic (2006-2007)
Battle of the Books (2005-2007)
Math - 1st place in MATC Fourth Annual Middle School Math Competition (2005) - 7th place in Wisconsin State MathCounts competition (2006) - American Invitational Math Examinations (AIME) Qualifier (2006 and 2007) - Velma Hamilton Middle School MathCounts team (2004-2007) - Member of West High Junior Varsity Math Team (2006) - Member of West High Varsity Math Team ( 2007- present) - MathPath camp (July 2006)
Visual Arts - 2nd place in BREC Sunny Daze art contest (2000) - Designed graduation program cover (2003) - Watercolor lessons (2006- present) - Art lessons at Baton Rouge Chinese School (2001-2003) - 57 -
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Baton Rouge Talented Art Program (2002-2003)
Member of French Honor Society (2008)
Latin - Cum Honore Maximo Egregio in the National Latin Examination Level II (2008) - Summa Cum Laude in the National Latin Examination Level I (2007) - 6th place individual sweepstakes in 2007 Wisconsin Junior Classical League convention - 3rd place individual sweepstakes in 2008 Wisconsin Junior Classical League convention - 2nd place Novice Certamen team in 2007 Wisconsin Junior Classical League convention - 2nd place Level II Certamen team in 2008 Wisconsin Junior Classical League convention - Corona Laurea in the Medusa Mythology Examination (2007)
Music - Violin - Piano - Harp Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestras: Concert Orchestra harpist (2008) Harpist at Madison Children’s Museum’s Tea and Trains event (Dec. 2007) 1* in WSMA 2008 Solo and Ensemble Festival (Lever Harp, Class A)
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Appendix G: Resume for Ruijun 3 Walworth Ct. Madison, WI 53705 Education: Brimhall Elementary School, 1998-2000 Shorewood Elementary School, 2000-2003 Hamilton Middle School, 2003-2006 West High School, 2006-Present Academic Interests: Science, physics and biology Theoretical math Computer Science Languages: English, Chinese (Mandarin), Intermediate Spanish Extra-curricular Activities: Ping Pong Club, 2002-2003 Ice Skating Lessons, 2002-2004 FPS (Future Problem Solvers) club, 2004-2005 Math Counts, 2005-2006 Private Art Lessons, 2002-2005 Math Team, 2006-present Science Olympiad, 2007 Biology Honors Club, 2006-2007 Rocket Club, 2006-present Music: Violin Piano Other -
Violin lessons, 2003-Present WYSO (Wisconsin Youth Symphony Orchestra) Sinfonetta, 2004-2006 WYSO Concert Orchestra, 2006-2007 WYSO Philharmonia Orchestra, 2007-present Piano lessons, 2001-2008 Federation Piano Competition Solo, 2003-2006 National Piano Guild, 2003-2005 Participation in Sonatina Festival, 2003-2005 Self taught Traditional Chinese Flute, 2007-present Self taught Traditional Chinese instrument- Erhu, 2008-present
Achievements: Celebration of Youth 1st place Photography Category, 2002 - 59 -
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Battle of the Books participant, 2004-2006 Velma Hamilton Middle Honor Roll, 2003-2006 FPS (Future Problem Solvers) State Participant, 2003-2004 Madison West High School Honor Roll, 2006-present TARC 2nd Place, 2007 TARC finals participant, 2008 SLI 2008 participant, 2008
Interests: Composing Music Reading Piano Violin Video Games Skiing Digital Painting Pencil Drawing Volunteer Service: Volunteer at Alicia Ashman Madison Public Library, 2006-present Wisconsin Public Television Phone Bank Operator, 2007 Raising money for Wolong Panda Reserve, Summer 2008 Official volunteer in Sichuan, China earthquake as a teacher, Summer 2008
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Appendix H: Resume for Ben 2511 Chamberlain Avenue 53705 Madison, WI
[email protected] Education: Franklin Elementary School Randall Elementary School Copenhagen International School Blessed Sacrament West High School - current sophomore Activities and Interests: 2007 TARC 2nd Place SLI (07-08) Boy Scouts - Current Life Scout - Participated in Brownsea - Traveled to the Boundary Waters - Went Backpacking in Rocky Mountains Volleyball NAR junior level 1 certified PADI certified SCUBA diver Basketball Reading Science Volunteer Experience: Interfaith Hospitality Network Brat Fest Volunteer Sharing With Appalachian People Nurse’s Run Volunteer Camp Girl Scout Launch WPT phone bank operator
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Appendix I: Resume for Henry 2229 Eton Ridge Madison, WI 53726
[email protected] Education: Franklin Elementary School, finished 2000 Randall Elementary School, finished 2003 Velma Hamilton Middle School, finished 2006 Madison West High School, currently in 11th grade Languages: Fluent in English, studied French for four years Interests and Activities: Dance: o Studios: - Madison School of Ballet 1996-1999 - A Step Above 1999-2000 - Ballet Madison 2000-2002 - Storybook Ballet 2002-2003 - Madison Professional Dance Center 2003-Present - Monona Academy of Dance 2007-Present o Performances: - Madison School of Ballet’s Sleeping Beauty 1997 - Madison School of Ballet’s La Boutique Fantasque 1999 Madison Ballet’s The Nutcracker 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 - Madison Dance Production’s Cinderella 2001 - Madison Ballet’s Cinderella 2005 - Dance Wisconsin’s Nutcracker Fantasy 2006, 2007 - Dance Wisconsin’s Peter Rabbit’s Ballet 2007 Math Competitions: - Hamilton Middle School Math Team 2005-2006 - Mathcounts Middle School Math State Competition 2006 - MATC Middle School Math Competition - American Mathematics Council-8 Test - Purple Comet Online Math Competition - Madison West High School Math Team 2006-Present - LaFollette Math Meet, October 11, 2006 - Mandelbrot Competition, October 2006 - Memorial Math Meet, December 13, 2006 - Wisconsin Mathematics League Contest 3 January 9, 2007 - Wisconsin Mathematics League Contest 4 February 6, 2007 - Wisconsin Mathematics League Contest 5 March 6, 2007 - West Math Meet, February 7, 2007
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- Purple Comet Online Math Competition Other Clubs and Activities - Regent Soccer Club 1998-2004 - Future Problem Solving 2001-2003 - Battle of the Books 2004-2007 - Madison West Cross Country 2006 - TARC Finals 2007, 2008 - Brazil Research Trip 2007 - SLI participant 2008
Instruments played: Piano 1998-2001 Cello 2001-2003 Oboe 2003-Present Volunteer Experience: Appalachian Service Project 2006, 2008 Brat Fest 2007 WPTV phone bank operator 2007
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Appendix J: Model Rocket Safety Code 1. Materials. I will use only lightweight, non-metal parts for the nose, body, and fins of my rocket. 2. Motors. I will use only certified, commercially-made model rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer. 3. Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system and electrical motor igniters. My launch system will have a safety interlock in series with the launch switch, and will use a launch switch that returns to the "off" position when released. 4. Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket. 5. Launch Safety. I will use a countdown before launch, and will ensure that everyone is paying attention and is a safe distance of at least 15 feet away when I launch rockets with D motors or smaller, and 30 feet when I launch larger rockets. If I am uncertain about the safety or stability of an untested rocket, I will check the stability before flight and will fly it only after warning spectators and clearing them away to a safe distance. 6. Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a launch rod, tower, or rail that is pointed to within 30 degrees of the vertical to ensure that the rocket flies nearly straight up, and I will use a blast deflector to prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. To prevent accidental eye injury, I will place launchers so that the end of the launch rod is above eye level or will cap the end of the rod when it is not in use. 7. Size. My model rocket will not weigh more than 1,500 grams (53 ounces) at liftoff and will not contain more than 125 grams (4.4 ounces) of propellant or 320 N-sec (71.9 pound-seconds) of total impulse. If my model rocket weighs more than one pound (453 grams) at liftoff or has more than four ounces (113 grams) of propellant, I will check and comply with Federal Aviation Administration regulations before flying. 8. Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, or near airplanes, and will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket. 9. Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area at least as large as shown in the accompanying table, and in safe weather conditions with wind speeds no greater than 20 miles per hour. I will ensure that there is no dry grass close to the launch pad, and that the launch site does not present risk of grass fires. 10. Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a streamer or parachute in my rocket so that it returns safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket. 11. Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places. - 64 -
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LAUNCH SITE DIMENSIONS Installed Total Impulse (N-sec) Equivalent Motor Type Minimum Site Dimensions (ft.) 0.00--1.25 1/4A, 1/2A 50 1.26--2.50 A 100 2.51--5.00 B 200 5.01--10.00 C 400 10.01--20.00 D 500 20.01--40.00 E 1,000 40.01--80.00 F 1,000 80.01--160.00 G 1,000 160.01--320.00 Two Gs 1,500 Revision of February, 2001
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Appendix K: High Power Rocket Safety Code Certification. I will only fly high power rockets or possess high power rocket motors that are within the scope of my user certification and required licensing. 1. Materials. I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood, rubber, plastic, fiberglass, or when necessary ductile metal, for the construction of my rocket. 2. Motors. I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors, and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes except those recommended by the manufacturer. I will not allow smoking, open flames, nor heat sources within 25 feet of these motors. 3. Ignition System. I will launch my rockets with an electrical launch system, and with electrical motor igniters that are installed in the motor only after my rocket is at the launch pad or in a designated prepping area. My launch system will have a safety interlock that is in series with the launch switch that is not installed until my rocket is ready for launch, and will use a launch switch that returns to the "off" position when released. If my rocket has onboard ignition systems for motors or recovery devices, these will have safety interlocks that interrupt the current path until the rocket is at the launch pad. 4. Misfires. If my rocket does not launch when I press the button of my electrical launch system, I will remove the launcher's safety interlock or disconnect its battery, and will wait 60 seconds after the last launch attempt before allowing anyone to approach the rocket. 5. Launch Safety. I will use a 5-second countdown before launch. I will ensure that no person is closer to the launch pad than allowed by the accompanying Minimum Distance Table, and that a means is available to warn participants and spectators in the event of a problem. I will check the stability of my rocket before flight and will not fly it if it cannot be determined to be stable. 6. Launcher. I will launch my rocket from a stable device that provides rigid guidance until the rocket has attained a speed that ensures a stable flight, and that is pointed to within 20 degrees of vertical. If the wind speed exceeds 5 miles per hour I will use a launcher length that permits the rocket to attain a safe velocity before separation from the launcher. I will use a blast deflector to prevent the motor's exhaust from hitting the ground. I will ensure that dry grass is cleared around each launch pad in accordance with the accompanying Minimum Distance table, and will increase this distance by a factor of 1.5 if the rocket motor being launched uses titanium sponge in the propellant. 7. Size. My rocket will not contain any combination of motors that total more than 40,960 N-sec (9208 pound-seconds) of total impulse. My rocket will not weigh more at liftoff than one-third of the certified average thrust of the high power rocket motor(s) intended to be ignited at launch. 8. Flight Safety. I will not launch my rocket at targets, into clouds, near airplanes, nor on trajectories that take it directly over the heads of spectators or beyond the boundaries of the launch site, and will not put any flammable or explosive payload in my rocket. I will not launch my rockets if wind speeds exceed 20 miles per hour. I will comply with Federal Aviation Administration airspace regulations - 66 -
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when flying, and will ensure that my rocket will not exceed any applicable altitude limit in effect at that launch site. 9. Launch Site. I will launch my rocket outdoors, in an open area where trees, power lines, buildings, and persons not involved in the launch do not present a hazard, and that is at least as large on its smallest dimension as one-half of the maximum altitude to which rockets are allowed to be flown at that site or 1500 feet, whichever is greater. 10. Launcher Location. My launcher will be at least one half the minimum launch site dimension, or 1500 feet (whichever is greater) from any inhabited building, or from any public highway on which traffic flow exceeds 10 vehicles per hour, not including traffic flow related to the launch. It will also be no closer than the appropriate Minimum Personnel Distance from the accompanying table from any boundary of the launch site. 11. Recovery System. I will use a recovery system such as a parachute in my rocket so that all parts of my rocket return safely and undamaged and can be flown again, and I will use only flame-resistant or fireproof recovery system wadding in my rocket. 12. Recovery Safety. I will not attempt to recover my rocket from power lines, tall trees, or other dangerous places, fly it under conditions where it is likely to recover in spectator areas or outside the launch site, nor attempt to catch it as it approaches the ground. Installed Total Impulse (NewtonSeconds)
MINIMUM DISTANCE TABLE Equivalent Minimum Minimum High Power Diameter of Personnel Motor Type Cleared Area Distance (ft.) (ft.)
Minimum Personnel Distance (Complex Rocket) (ft.) 200 200
0 -- 320.00 H or smaller 50 100 320.01 -I 50 100 640.00 640.01 -J 50 100 200 1,280.00 1,280.01 -K 75 200 300 2,560.00 2,560.01 -L 100 300 500 5,120.00 5,120.01 -M 125 500 1000 10,240.00 10,240.01 -N 125 1000 1500 20,480.00 20,480.01 -O 125 1500 2000 40,960.00 Note: A Complex rocket is one that is multi-staged or that is propelled by two or more rocket motors
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Appendix L: Section 508 § 1194.21 Software applications and operating systems. (a) When software is designed to run on a system that has a keyboard, product functions shall be executable from a keyboard where the function itself or the result of performing a function can be discerned textually. (b) Applications shall not disrupt or disable activated features of other products that are identified as accessibility features, where those features are developed and documented according to industry standards. Applications also shall not disrupt or disable activated features of any operating system that are identified as accessibility features where the application programming interface for those accessibility features has been documented by the manufacturer of the operating system and is available to the product developer. (c) A well-defined on-screen indication of the current focus shall be provided that moves among interactive interface elements as the input focus changes. The focus shall be programmatically exposed so that assistive technology can track focus and focus changes. (d) Sufficient information about a user interface element including the identity, operation and state of the element shall be available to assistive technology. When an image represents a program element, the information conveyed by the image must also be available in text. (e) When bitmap images are used to identify controls, status indicators, or other programmatic elements, the meaning assigned to those images shall be consistent throughout an application's performance. (f) Textual information shall be provided through operating system functions for displaying text. The minimum information that shall be made available is text content, text input caret location, and text attributes. (g) Applications shall not override user selected contrast and color selections and other individual display attributes. (h) When animation is displayed, the information shall be displayable in at least one non-animated presentation mode at the option of the user. (i) Color coding shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element. (j) When a product permits a user to adjust color and contrast settings, a variety of color selections capable of producing a range of contrast levels shall be provided.
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(k) Software shall not use flashing or blinking text, objects, or other elements having a flash or blink frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz. (l) When electronic forms are used, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues. § 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications. (a) A text equivalent for every non-text element shall be provided (e.g., via "alt", "longdesc", or in element content). (b) Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation. (c) Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with color is also available without color, for example from context or markup. (d) Documents shall be organized so they are readable without requiring an associated style sheet. (e) Redundant text links shall be provided for each active region of a server-side image map. (f) Client-side image maps shall be provided instead of server-side image maps except where the regions cannot be defined with an available geometric shape. (g) Row and column headers shall be identified for data tables. (h) Markup shall be used to associate data cells and header cells for data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers. (i) Frames shall be titled with text that facilitates frame identification and navigation. (j) Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz. (k) A text-only page, with equivalent information or functionality, shall be provided to make a web site comply with the provisions of this part, when compliance cannot be accomplished in any other way. The content of the text-only page shall be updated whenever the primary page changes. (l) When pages utilize scripting languages to display content, or to create interface elements, the information provided by the script shall be identified with functional text that can be read by assistive technology.
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(m) When a web page requires that an applet, plug-in or other application be present on the client system to interpret page content, the page must provide a link to a plug-in or applet that complies with §1194.21(a) through (l). (n) When electronic forms are designed to be completed on-line, the form shall allow people using assistive technology to access the information, field elements, and functionality required for completion and submission of the form, including all directions and cues. (o) A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive navigation links. (p) When a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted and given sufficient time to indicate more time is required. Note to §1194.22: 1. The Board interprets paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section as consistent with the following priority 1 Checkpoints of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0) (May 5, 1999) published by the Web Accessibility Initiative of the World Wide Web Consortium:
Section 1194.22 Paragraph
WCAG 1.0 Checkpoint
(a)
1.1
(b)
1.4
(c)
2.1
(d)
6.1
(e)
1.2
(f)
9.1
(g)
5.1
(h)
5.2
(i)
12.1
(j)
7.1
(k)
11.4
2. Paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section are different from WCAG 1.0. Web pages that conform to WCAG 1.0, level A (i.e., all priority 1 checkpoints) must also meet paragraphs (l), (m), (n), (o), and (p) of this section to comply with this section. WCAG 1.0 is available at http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505. § 1194.23 Telecommunications products. - 70 -
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(a) Telecommunications products or systems which provide a function allowing voice communication and which do not themselves provide a TTY functionality shall provide a standard non-acoustic connection point for TTYs. Microphones shall be capable of being turned on and off to allow the user to intermix speech with TTY use. (b) Telecommunications products which include voice communication functionality shall support all commonly used cross-manufacturer non-proprietary standard TTY signal protocols. (c) Voice mail, auto-attendant, and interactive voice response telecommunications systems shall be usable by TTY users with their TTYs. (d) Voice mail, messaging, auto-attendant, and interactive voice response telecommunications systems that require a response from a user within a time interval, shall give an alert when the time interval is about to run out, and shall provide sufficient time for the user to indicate more time is required. (e) Where provided, caller identification and similar telecommunications functions shall also be available for users of TTYs, and for users who cannot see displays. (f) For transmitted voice signals, telecommunications products shall provide a gain adjustable up to a minimum of 20 dB. For incremental volume control, at least one intermediate step of 12 dB of gain shall be provided. (g) If the telecommunications product allows a user to adjust the receive volume, a function shall be provided to automatically reset the volume to the default level after every use. (h) Where a telecommunications product delivers output by an audio transducer which is normally held up to the ear, a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling to hearing technologies shall be provided. (i) Interference to hearing technologies (including hearing aids, cochlear implants, and assistive listening devices) shall be reduced to the lowest possible level that allows a user of hearing technologies to utilize the telecommunications product. (j) Products that transmit or conduct information or communication, shall pass through cross-manufacturer, non-proprietary, industry-standard codes, translation protocols, formats or other information necessary to provide the information or communication in a usable format. Technologies which use encoding, signal compression, format transformation, or similar techniques shall not remove information needed for access or shall restore it upon delivery. (k) Products which have mechanically operated controls or keys, shall comply with the following:
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(1) Controls and keys shall be tactilely discernible without activating the controls or keys. (2) Controls and keys shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls and keys shall be 5 lbs. (22.2 N) maximum. (3) If key repeat is supported, the delay before repeat shall be adjustable to at least 2 seconds. Key repeat rate shall be adjustable to 2 seconds per character. (4) The status of all locking or toggle controls or keys shall be visually discernible, and discernible either through touch or sound. § 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers. (a) All mechanically operated controls and keys shall comply with §1194.23 (k) (1) through (4). (b) If a product utilizes touch screens or touch-operated controls, an input method shall be provided that complies with §1194.23 (k) (1) through (4). (c) When biometric forms of user identification or control are used, an alternative form of identification or activation, which does not require the user to possess particular biological characteristics, shall also be provided. (d) Where provided, at least one of each type of expansion slots, ports and connectors shall comply with publicly available industry standards.
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`Appendix M: Material Safety Data Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets Construction Supplies Carbon Fiber Kevlar Fiberglass Cloth Fiberglass Resin Fiberglass Hardener Self-expanding Foam
Propulsion and Deployment Ammonium Perchlorate Aerotech Reloadable Motors Aerotech Igniters M-Tek E-matches Pyrodex Pellets Black Powder Nomex (thermal protector)
Painting and Finishing Automotive Primer Automotive Spray Paint Clear Coat
Glues Elmer’s White Glue Two Ton Epoxy Resin Two Ton Epoxy Hardener Bob Smith Cyanoacrylate Glue (superglue) Superglue Accelerator (kicker) Superglue Debonder Soldering Flux Solder
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