5 - 4. Adverb Clauses 1: Basic Rules I ordered pasta and Kevin ordered a steak. 1. How many clauses are there in this sentence?

two _________________

2. What kind of clauses are they?

main _________________

3. What word is used to join these two main clauses?

and _________________

4. What are four other coordinating conjunctions like and?

but a. ___________

so b. ___________

or c. ___________

yet d. ___________

I ordered pasta. Kevin ordered a steak. 5. Can you divide these two clauses into two sentences?

yes

no

6. Does the meaning change without the conjunction?

yes

no

7. Does and give any extra, important information?

yes

no

8. Which is better, one sentence with and or two sentences?

one sentence _________________

9. Why is it better?

It's smoother. _________________

I ordered pasta. And Kevin ordered a steak. 10. Is it ok to start a sentence with a coordinating conjunction... a. ... in informal conversational writing, like email to a friend?

yes

no

b. ...in formal, academic writing, like a research paper?

yes

no

I ordered pasta because I had a steak for dinner last night. 11. How many clauses are there in this sentence?

two _________________

12. What kind of clause is the first clause?

main _________________

13. What kind of clause is the second clause?

adverb clause _________________ subordinating conj. _________________

14. What kind of word is because? I ordered pasta. I had a steak for dinner last night. 15. If you divide this information, does the meaning stay the same?

yes

no

16. Does because give extra, important information?

yes

no

a. ... in informal conversational writing, like email to a friend?

yes

no

b. ...in formal, academic writing, like a research paper?

yes

no

18. Is it EVER ok to divide a sentence like this into two sentences?

yes

no

19. If you can live by yourself, are you dependent or independent?

independent _________________

I ordered pasta. Because I had a steak for dinner last night. 17. Is it ok to divide a sentence with a subordinating conjunction...

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dependent 20. If you must live with someone, are you dependent or independent? _________________ 21. Is an adult independent or dependent?

independent _________________

22. Is a child independent or dependent? 23. Is I ordered pasta independent or dependent?

dependent _________________ independent clause _________________

24. Is because I had a steak... independent or dependent?

dependent clause _________________

a. You can pick up your luggage once you have gone through Immigration. b. Once you have gone through Immigration, you can pick up your luggage. 25. Are both of these sentences correct?

yes

no

26. Can you usually put the adverb clause before the main clause?

yes

no

27. If the main clause is first, do you need a comma?

yes

no

28. If the adverb clause is first, do you need a comma?

yes

no

How many clauses are in each sentence? What kind of clauses are they? 1. If you are hot and sweaty and want to cool off, you can jump into the ocean or rinse off under the showers near the restrooms.

4 a. ______ (number of clauses) 2 b. ______ main

0 ______ adjective

2 ______ adverb

2. After Bob spent the money that he saved during summer vacation, he called his parents and asked to borrow some money, which he promised to pay back.

5 a. ______ (number of clauses)

2 b. ______ main

2 ______ adjective

1 ______ adverb

3. Despite feeling sick when he woke up, Casey went to work because she had to make the presentation that she had been working on for several weeks.

4 a. ______ (number of clauses)

1 b. ______ main

1 ______ adjective

2 ______ adverb

4. Wherever you go in the future, it is important to have people you can turn to for advice in case you run into problems. a. ______ (number of clauses) b. ______ main

______ adjective

______ adverb

5. A house that is near the ocean is more expensive than a house that is farther away because most people would love to live in a place where they can walk to the beach. a. ______ (number of clauses) b. ______ main

______ adjective

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______ adverb

Are the following sentences right or wrong? 1. yes

no

If you’re still hungry, there’s some more food in the kitchen.

2. yes

no

Sarah is very tired today. Because she studied until 3:00 a.m. last night.

3. yes

no

Before John took a shower, he got dressed.

4. yes

no

Since everyone is here, let’s begin the meeting a little early.

5. yes

no

My family never watched TV while dinner.

6. yes

no

Because we couldn’t ski, it was very warm.

7. yes

no

If you’re not busy, could you help me?

8. yes

no

Brad usually does his homework after he came home.

9. yes

no

Kim enjoyed painting pictures when her childhood.

10. yes

no

I’m going to go to France since I’ve been studying French for a year.

Write the correct subordinate conjunction in the _____. 1. ________________ you were absent yesterday, you must take yesterday’s quiz after school today. 2. There will be no school tomorrow _______________ it snows a lot tonight. 3. There was no school today _______________ it snowed a lot last night. 4. _______________ we were at the movies, a burglar broke into our house and stole everything. 5. Chris couldn’t sleep well last night _______________ he drank too much coffee. 6. _______________ we finished dinner, we washed the dishes and watched TV. 7. My father cooked dinner _______________ my mother was sick. 8. _______________ I was a little boy I had to go home _______________ the sun went down. 9. _______________ Sam calls _______________ I’m gone, tell him I’ll call him back _______________ I get home. 10. Don’t forget to turn off the lights _______________ you go to bed.

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Subordinating Conjunctions: Word List Reason

Contrast

Condition

Time

because since on account of the fact that3 due to the fact that3

although though even though even if in spite of the fact that3 despite the fact that3 whereas

if unless as long as in case provided (that)

when whenever before1 after1 as soon as once since1 while until1 (till)

Comparison2

Result2

Place

than1 as much as as many as

so (that) so...(that) such...(that)

wherever

1

These words are also prepositions.

2

The adverb clause must come after the main clause.

3

On account of, due to, in spite of, despite by themselves are prepositions.

Name: __________________ Date: ________

Score: _____ /10

Editing: _____ /5

5 - 4. Adverb Clauses 1: Basic Rules Write the best coordinating conjunction or subordinating conjunction in the blank.

after because 1. The Broadway musical closed ______________ only two weeks ______________ they weren’t selling many tickets.

If / Since 2. ______________ tomorrow is difficult for you we could meet on Wednesday instead. so 3. There weren’t enough chairs, ______________ some people were standing. Since and 4. ______________ the weather is nice after all, would you like to go outside _____________

or do something, ______________ would you prefer to go shopping anyway?

and while 5. The people sat in the living room ______________ talked ______________ dinner was cooking.

if but 6. You may turn in your report late _____________ it is absolutely necessary, _____________ so I will deduct points for lateness, ______________ please try to finish on time. before or 7. Do you want to call me ______________ you go to bed, ______________ do you want me to call you?

so 8. The group was demonstrating peacefully, ______________ the police didn’t make them leave.

After but 9. ______________ the movie finished, some people went to a restaurant ______________ because most people went home ______________ it was late.

but 10. I tried to call Frank, ______________ he wasn’t home. If / Since before 11. _____________ you’re hungry, let’s get something to eat _____________ the movie starts. after 12. You may watch TV ______________ you finish your homework.

If 13. ______________ you’re cold I’ll turn on the heater. when 14. Most American high school students get their driver’s licenses ______________ they are sixteen.

Before 15. ______________ you begin to exercise you should stretch for 20 minutes. Finish the following sentences. Add commas when necessary.

I go to bed. 1. I don’t like to take a bath before ____________________________________________ I prefer to take a shower in the morning. 2. I don’t like to take a bath at night because ____________________________________

it is really warm outside. 3. I don’t like to take a bath at night if __________________________________________ he eats breakfast. 4. Jeff usually watches TV while ______________________________________________ he goes to bed. 5. Jeff usually watches TV before _____________________________________________

he finishes his homework. 6. Jeff usually watches TV after ______________________________________________

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7. Jeff usually watches TV if

he has finished all of his homework. _____________________________________________

their baby is born 8. They want to buy a new house before _______________________________________

they can find a nice house that they can afford. 9. They want to buy a new house if ____________________________________________ their current house is a little too small. 10. They want to buy a new house since ________________________________________ Put the following information into sentences using subordinate conjunctions. Add any other necessary words. 1. (Greg / sing / take / a shower)

Greg likes to sing while he takes a shower. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. (In Japan / people / take off / shoes / go / house)

In Japan, people always take off their shoes before they go into a house. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. (you / not eat / now / hungry / later)

If you don't eat now, you will be hungry later. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. (my father / teach / me / swim / two years old)

My father taught me how to swim when I was two years old. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. (Jim / not win / other player / good / Jim)

Jim didn't win because the other player was better than him. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. (Americans / take / shower / get up)

Americans usually take a shower after they get up. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. (Mary / come / Japan / teach / English / graduate / college)

Mary came to Japan to teach English after she graduated from college. ______________________________________________________________________

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