2016. Type 1 VS Type 2: What Healthcare Providers Need to Know. Diabetes Statistics. Type 1. Type 1 Diabetes

9/30/2016 Diabetes Statistics • 1.4 million Americans diagnosed yearly-Type 2 • Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in US • About 208,000 Amer...
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9/30/2016

Diabetes Statistics • 1.4 million Americans diagnosed yearly-Type 2 • Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in US • About 208,000 Americans under 20 diagnosed yearly with Type 1( 1:300) • $245 Billion total cost of diabetes in US

Type 1 VS Type 2: What Healthcare Providers Need to Know

Debbie Belknap RN, BSN, CDE, CPT

Spokane County EMS

Type 1

• Usually diagnosed in children and young adults: 53 % under age 30 • It is an autoimmune disease • Previously known as “Juvenile Diabetes” • Can occur at any point in life span

Type 1 Diabetes • • • •

Immune system destroys cells that make insulin Person makes little to no insulin Always requires insulin therapy Insulin is a hormone made by beta cells in the pancreas

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Signs and Symptoms

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Extreme thirst and urination Weight loss Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting DKA

Type 1 ½?

• • • • •

Signs and Symptoms

LADA Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adulthood Half of all Type 1 develops after age 30 Slower onset than Type 1 Present like Type 2, fail orals quickly

Blurred vision Hunger Bed wetting Mental status changes

Type 2 Diabetes • Your body makes some insulin, but not enough or does not use it properly • Can be treated with: – meal planning – exercise – pills – insulin

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Type 2 Diabetes

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Used to be called “Old Age Onset” Diabetes The more common form of diabetes Mostly now lifestyle driven Exploding around the world

Common Diabetic Emergencies

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Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar DKA: Diabetic Keto-acidosis HHS: Hyperosmolor Hyperglycemic Syndrome

Signs and Symptoms

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Increased thirst and urination Feeling tired Blurred vision Dry skin Some have NO symptoms

Hypoglycemia

• Needs immediate attention/can be life threatening • Risk: brain cells permanently damaged or killed due to lack of glucose. • Particularly life threatening in elderly • Defined as blood glucose level