Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel 4sight, Ergonomics & Safety ISRAEL

ICTCT annual workshop, Helsinki, Oct. 26- 28, 2005 1

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Why would people not see the road the same way? • • • •

Different kind of people Different vantage point Different travel experiences Different interests and needs

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

What do “public opinion surveys” say about it? • • • • • •

The driving public “Other drivers” Community residents Special groups Experts’ views of the public Road users and transport issues

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

How many Non-drivers are there? Country

Austria France Sweden Switzerland Cyprus Finland UK Germany Belgium Ireland Netherlands

drivers / 10*3 age- cars / 10*3 ageeligible to driving eligible to driving license license

835 811 801 791 780 779 774 743 727 706 696

633 596 577 637 560 527 602 656 585 479 471

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

How many Non-drivers are there? Country

Czech Rep Slovenia Israel Slovak Rep Spain Portugal Greece Croatia Poland Hungary Estonia

drivers / 10*3 ageeligible to driving license

cars / 10*3 ageeligible to driving license

689 681 673 617 579 538 520 507 468 463 450

453 548 346 314 543 440 379 329 346 301 379 5

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Yet another public survey • Nationally representative sample of 2000 face- toface interviews • Filter questions to identify eligible drivers / nondrivers in the household • Driver: person aged 18+, holder of a valid driving license, drives regularly • Non-driver: person aged 15+, no license or does not drive a car • One interview per household ,random procedure • Attitudes and experiences regarding driving and road safety issues • Non- drivers asked a sub- set of same items 6

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Majority of Non- Drivers are women

Gender Drivers Non-Drivers Men 73 30 Women 27 70 100 % 100 %

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

“Public opinion” is middle- age opinion

Age Group 15-24 25- 49 50 +

Drivers 11 57 32 100 %

Non-Drivers 21 32 47 100 % 8

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Non- Drivers have fewer diplomas

Education level Primary or vocational Graduates or higher

Drivers

Non-Drivers

39

62

61

38

100 %

100 % 9

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Non – Drivers make less money

Occupation Drivers Non-Drivers Paying jobs 67 34 Home making, retired, students, 33 66 unemployed 100 % 100 % 10

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Non- Drivers are lonelier?

Social situation Have no kids Live alone

Drivers

Non-Drivers

52 % 6%

67 % 15 %

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Similar worries

Concerns About crime About accidents About congestion

Drivers Non-Drivers 93 % 92 % 95 % 88 % 92 % 76 %

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Noticing real dangerous events I saw this Drivers Non-Drivers dangerous event Not today 45 51 1 instance 15 15 2-4 instances 26 23 5+ instances 14 11 today 100 % 100 % 13

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Drivers are doing the drinking

How many times a week? Never About once Twice or more

Drivers

Non-Drivers

24 42 34 100 %

48 28 22 100 %

The frequent drinkers are middle age (25-49) 14 and men

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Who is afraid of drunken road- users?

I worry when… Being in a car at night Family in a car at night Walking at night

Drivers

Non-Drivers

Yes: 45 % Yes: 14 % No: 17% No: 78 % Yes: 37 % Yes: 47 % No: 18 % No: 18 % Yes: 35 % Yes: 43 % No: 26 % No: 16 % 15

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Drink – driving does not run in our family

Often Rarely Never

I see drinkers who drive Among family Among friends Among strangers

Non-Drivers

Often Rarely Never

Drivers

8 20 72 100 % 22 33 45 100 % 39 38 23 100 %

7 17 76 100 % 22 25 53 100 % 42 29 29 100 % 16

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Law and order More police enforcement > punishmentbelts > punishmentD-D > punishmentspeeding Lower speed limits in urban

Drivers Yes: 76 % No: 5 % Yes: 31 % No: 42 % Yes: 91 % No: 4 % Yes: 56 % No: 24 % Yes: 45 % No: 27 %

Non-Drivers Yes: 83 % No: 4 % Yes: 46 % No: 27 % Yes: 94 % No: 2 % Yes: 75 % No: 9 % Yes: 73 % No: 10 % 17

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Support for the walking experience Issue Traffic free zones Speed humps

Drivers Yes: 64 % No: 11 % Yes: 69 % No: 15 % Crosswalks Yes: 79 % No: 6 % Reduce delays Yes: 58 % at ped. signals No: 17 % Improve street Yes: 92 % lighting No: 0 %

Non-Drivers Yes: 71 % No: 7 % Yes: 78 % No: 7 % Yes: 89 % No: 2 % Yes: 73 % No: 8 % Yes: 93 % No: 0 % 18

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

The Biking experience Use & opinions Rides a bike every week Own a bike helmet Use the helmet owned Her children ride a bike Children have helmets Children use helmet “Gov. should build more bike lanes” “Gov. should require wearing bike helmets”

Drivers Non-Drivers 30 % 38 % 5% 5% 39 % 27 % 27 % 19 % 19 % 17 % 80 % 72 % 61 % 95 % 62 %

62 %

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Problems raised in non- driver focus groups • No pedestrian pavements or bike lanes; too narrow, uneven • Pavements obstructed by street furniture • Pavements obstructed by delivery vans, taxis, parked cars; • Pavements littered, rain water not drained, snow not cleared • Marked crossings- few, poorly located, unsafe • Unfriendly traffic lights- interrupted crossing, red too long, green too short 20

Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Equality before accidents

Accid. experience Drivers in three years Involved in injury 6% accident Involved in DOA 20 % accident

NonDrivers 6% 11 %

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

Conclusions- is it the same road? • Non- drivers and drivers express essentially the same concerns and opinions regarding road safety, driver behaviour, traffic police and general safety measures • Non- drivers report similar experiences regarding wearing belts & drink- driving as do drivers • Non- drivers come out consistently as a bit more “safety oriented” compared to drivers • Women in both groups come out consistently as more “safety oriented”, compared to men • Large differences in opinions between Non- drivers and Drivers are only on issues that clearly impact on the personal experience of a driver, a pedestrian or a biker.

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Do drivers and Non- drivers see the same road? David M. Zaidel

Helsinki, Oct. 26-27.2005

The wider implications • The methodology of most public opinion surveys does not allow proper expression of the views of non- drivers or any “minority” group • Focus on “drivers” and “driving” as the context for examining transport and safety issues reinforces the opinions and interests of those who are already at a more advantageous position • Transport and safety policy measures based on general public opinion surveys might either underestimate or overestimate the support they enjoy with the wide public 23