LANGUAGE AND ETERNAL WORD, by Kajak Balekjian Regarding language origins and divergence, the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language mentions the following view among others: "The view that all languages have diverged from a common source, the result of cultural evolution or divine intervention, is known as monogenesis. The existence of differences between languages is then explained as a result of people moving apart in waves of migration around the world. In this view language universals would be interpreted as evidence of common origin. ..." (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, by David Crystal, Professional Fellow, University College of North Wales, Bangor. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, c1987, p.291 “49.The Origin of Language”) Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829), German man of Letters, poet, and scientist, expounded the view that language is of divine source and essence: "Die Freude des Jahrhunderts an die wiedergewonnenen Ausdrucksfähigkeit der Sprache lässt sich erkennen an dem wachsenden, durch Klopstock selbst kräftig geförderten Interesse für die Sprachwissenschaft, nicht minder aber an der hohen Auffassung von Wesen und von der Aufgabe der Sprache, die von Klopstock zu Herder und von ihm zu den Romantikem immer begeisterteren Ausdruck findet, um schliesslich zu gipfeln in der Anschauung von göttlichen Ursprung und Wesen der Sprache, wie sie uns z.B. in Friedrich Schlegels Philosophie der Sprache und des Wortes entgegentritt." (Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, von Prof. Dr. Hans Sperber, 4. Auflage besorgt von Prof.Dr. Wolfgang Fleischhauer, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Sammlung Göschen, Band 915. Berlin: Walter de Gruyer & Co., 1963, p. 113-114 “33. Klopstock”) < "The joy of the centuries in the restoration of expression of language /ability can recognize the growing by Klopstock itself vigorously promoted interest in linguistics, but no less high in the view of the nature and task of the language, by Herder and to Klopstock by him to Romantikem always begeisterteren expressed to finally to culminate in the view of divine origin and nature of language, as presented to us as in Friedrich Schlegel's philosophy of language and the word entgegentritt. " (History of the German language, by Prof. Dr. Hans Sperber, 4th edition concerned by Prof.Dr. Wolfgang Fleischhauer, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Göschen Collection, Volume 915th Berlin: Walter de Gruyer & Co., 1963, p. 113-114 '33. Klopstock)

> “…Après avoir pris part à la guerre de 1814, il [Friedrich Schlegel] se livra à des travaux de critique littéraire, lesquels, par la force de la pensée et la concentration aphoristique de l'exposition attirèrent et retiennent encore l'attention. S'il ne fut pas un grand poète, il peut revendiquer la gloire d'avoir ouvert à la linguistique des voies nouvelles avec son livre De la langue et de la philosophie des Hindous (1808)." (Larousse du XXe Siècle, en six volumes, publié sous la direction de Paul Augé. Tome sixième. Paris: Librairie Larousse, cl 933, p. 239 “Schlegel, Charles-Guillaime-Frédéric De”)
In matters of religious beliefs among ancient peoples, it is interesting to quote the following: "It [the cuneiform sign for star] also stood for the words heaven and god in both the Sumerian1, (1Author's note: Sumerian Sumer: Georgian Somekhi “Armenian”, Somkheti “Armenia”, somkhuri “Armenian, adjective”: Hittite Samuha '“shrine of Sun goddess of Arinna” (Hittite Arinna : Armenian Ar’inBèrd “Urartian Fortress, Yerevan”, Ar’inj “village in Armenia”) : Armenian Samèha “10th century Armenian architect”, Amaqwu (q sounded as French r grasseyé) “village, Siunik' province”) and Assyrian tongues." (Cradle of Civilization, by Samuel Noah Kramer and the Editors of Time-Life Books. Great ages of man, A History of the world's cultures. New York. Time-Life Books, Reprinted 1971, p. 133 “From pictograph into script”) Apparently, Sumerians used an identical sign or form of writing to designate heaven, heavenly bodies, and god, because like ancient Indo-European peoples, they too believed the stars to be gods: "And he [Plato] says of a god because the philosophers of his day believed that the heavenly bodies were gods, and taught that they were alive. " (Thomas Aquinas: selected writings edited by Rev. M.C. D’Arcy. Fort Collins, CO: Roman CatholicBooks, no date, p. 63 “Commentary on Aristotle’s ‘De Anima’”) Effectively, in Armenian as well as in other ancient Indo-European languages, the terms for star and god are almost identical. Here is a table of words and names from various languages, formed of roots displaying comparative patterns of phonemic inversion: ast- / sat-, sath-, sid- / ste-, zve-, sta-, ta- / ath-: 1. For term "star": Armenian astq gen. astèq (q sounded as French r grasseyé) "star” : Hittite astiras "star" : Greek astêr "star" / sideron “iron” / Latin satelles satellites "satellite" / stella "star", sidus sideris "heavenly body, constellation, star, the time of year, region, clime, weather, fate" / English star / German Stern "star" I Russian zvezda “star” / staryi "old", starets "an elder", starik "old man", starost' "old age" / Armenian tari “year”, tarèx (x sounded ts) "elderly", tarik' (k' aspirate) "age", tarr “element” 2. For term “god": Urartian i.e. Araratian2 (2 Author's note: Sumerian Ur-Aratta “Sumerians’ homeland of origin” : Armenian Ayrarat “Central Province of Greater Armenia”, Aratèsi Vank' “Monastery in Armenia” : Assyrian Urartu “adapted from Indo-European”) Armenian Astiuzi "god' : Armenian Astwuaç (ç sounded tz) "God", Astqik “goddess of Armenia” / Sat'ènik (t' aspirate, Sathènik) "Alan princess and queen of Armenia" / Hittite Astabi “Warrior god" : Hieroglyphic Hittite Asitawadda

"a ruler, Mopsues dynasty, Cilicia, 8th c. BC' : Greek Asteria "wife of Perses and mother of Hecate", Astraea “goddess of justice, daughter of Jupiter and Themis”, Astraeus “a Titan, husband of Aurora (the goddess of the dawn) and father of the winds and the stars” / Athena "the great divinity of Greece, corresponding to the Roman Minerva" / Latin Saturnus "called by the Greeks Cronos, mythical king of Italy, whose reign was the 'golden age', he was the son of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth), the husband of Rhea, and the father of Jupiter, Juno, Pluto, Neptune, etc., he was the god of agriculture and of civilisation, in general." (A Pronouncing Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities. London: John Wa&er & Co., Ltd., No date) In Semitic languages, the terms for star and god are not related, nor do they have any etymological affinity with their Indo-European counterparts. Evidently, the IndoEuropean-like name of Akkadian goddess Ishtar (corresponding to Greek goddess Venus), later also known as Ashtart by the Syrians and Astarte by the Greeks, is adapted from the Sumerian terms for star and god. For Akkadians conquering Sumer, established Assyria and Babylonia, and adopted Sumerian civilization: "The Semitic Akkadians adopt Sumerian Civilization.- Sargon's conquests forced his nomad tribesmen (the Akkadians) to make a complete change in their manner of life. They gave up living in their desert tents and built houses of sundried brick, which could not be picked up every morning and set up somewhere else at night. At first they did not even know how to write, and they had no industries. Some of them now learned to write their Semitic tongue by using the Sumerian wedge-form signs for the purpose. And so a Semitic language began to be written for the first time. The Akkadians imitated the art of the Sumerians, especially sculpture, in which they later far surpassed their Sumerian teachers. Thus the Akkadians took over and adopted the cinilization of the Sumerians whom they had conquered. (History of Europe, Ancient and Medieval: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece, and Rome, by James Henry Breasted, Europe from the Break-up of the Roman Empire to the French Revolution, by James Henry Robinson. Revised edition. Boston: Ginn and Company, c1929, p. 44) As a matter of fact, Christendom and the whole world have been left with an ill-informed conscience and in unawareness as to the fact that: (1) the Creational God-bestowed human intellect (the word, thought and speech) is of Proto-Indo-European model, of which Latin carries the relatively least altered lexicological (word-composition) and grammatical model; (2) the Creational cradle of Armenia's Garden of Eden3 (3Araratian Armenian: Etius, Etiuni: Armenian Ijèuan “town and district, Gwugark' province”: Old Testament Eden “adapted from Indo-European”) is the Proto-Indo-European heartland, and Armenian is the direct native descendant of Proto-Indo-European;. (3) All human races have the one and same origin, and all language families and groups, albeit relatively more or less altered through evolution, are offshoots of the Indo-European stem. (Author’s “A Brief Comparative Etymological Dictionary”, Part One. GarrettPark MD, c1998) "... Excavational material and written records indicate that in ancient times the Armenians had made major achievements in astronomy. In the seventh century, Armenian astronomers already imagined the Earth as a spherical body and knew

laws governing the movement of the Sun, the Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye. They made a model of a geocentric system of the world. They knew that the Moon is the celestial body nearest to the Earth, and that it shines by reflected light. They had arrived at the correct explanation for eclipses. Research by Alcott, Maunder, Schwarz, Flammarion4 (4 Author’s note: Istoriia neba [History of the sky], by Camille Flammarion, 1842-1925. St. Petersburg, 1875, p.35) and other scientists have confirmed the correctness of many of the ideas of ancient Armenian astronomers. They are prone to believe that the earliest astronomical knowledge, in particular, the division of the sky into constellations and the compilation of a stellar chart, originated on a territory which includes the Armenian plateau. In his book, the British scientist Alcott wrote that the data of astronomy are supported by historical and archaeological research, and indicate that those who designed the signs of constellations lived in the Euphrates valley and also in the Mount Ararat area. " ... Alcott's work was published in English at the beginning of the century, and was brought out in Russian in St.Petersburg in l9l4.5 (5Author's note: Legendy zvezdnego mira [Legends of the starry universe]. p. 8) "... It [this information about astronomy] has been further confirmed. For example, Maunder, who is the author of many interesting archaeological studies, and Schwarz called attention to the fact that the very earliest map of the stellar sky includes only a very small section of the Southern Hemisphere. These scientists also conclude that the people who thus divided the sky into constellations would appear to have lived between latitudes 36° and 42° North. Thus neither Egypt nor Babylon could have been the birthplace of the signs of the zodiac, which appeared very probably, in the year 2800 B.C. “... These scientists further established that the signs of the zodiac do not include an elephant, a hippopatamus, a crocodile or a tiger. This means that the idea of the signs of the zodiac did not originate in India, or Arabia or Egypt. Greece, Italy and Spain can also be excluded as the lion is not native to them. Thus, logically, we can assert that the birthplace of the signs of the zodiac may be Asia Minor and Armenia; that is, a region bordered by the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the Caspian and the Aegean. “… Alcott wrote that the Egyptians’ ancient monuments bearing the sign of the zodiac contained an inscription which said that they had learned about the stars from the Chaldeans. “… Some scholars confused them [the Chaldeans] with the ancient Babylonians, distinguishing between the culture of the Chaldeans and that of Urartu.6 (6Author's note: Araratian Kingdom of Armenia). “... Chaldeans was once a mistaken name, widely used by historians, for the people who lived in Urartu. It originated because of an inaccurate translation of

the opening formula of Urartu texts, where there was a reference to the God Chaldi.7 (7Author’s note: Ayraratian Armenian Haldi (Khaldi) "Supreme Warrior god”: Behistun inscription 521 B.C. Haldita “name of Armenian commander” : Armenian Hrat “the planet Mars”, Hrac’èay “king of Armenia” (c’ soundedEnglish ch)” (Envoy of the Stars, Academician Victor Ambartsumyan, by Ashot Arzumanyan; translated from the,Russion by Cynthia Carlile. Moscow: Progress Publishers, cl987, p. 27-28 “The Signs of the Zodiac Were Born Here”) "Calendars [both lunar and solar], ploughs, astronomic figures [stars, planets, Sun, Moon and its phases], etc. are depicted in the rock drawings of Armenia. ... Another group of standing stones in Zorats Kar, near Angeghakot, is also of great importance to astronomy. Recent findings at this archaeological site have been extensively studied, drawing upon the rich experience derived from the investigation of other similar monuments, especially from Stonehenge, in the south of England. "The 'Stone Age calculating machine' of Zangezour is of outstanding importance in comprehending and interpreting a great variety of objects unearthed from the diggings. Our archaeologists have dug out a bronze-made belt-calendar during the excavations in the province of Ararat Artsakh and other historical sites, as well as a Bronze Age model of the geocentric world and pictographs portraying different constellations, the Sun, the Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye... (The Antique Period of Armenian Lapidary Art, by Bagrat Ulubabian, from 'Kroonk', Yerevan)." (Hay Endanik, Venezia (Italia), Casa Editrice Armena San Lazaro, July-August 1987, p. 39-40) The logical implication of these historical, archeological, and scientific data is that the God-bestowed human intellect (thinking, silent speech and speech, vocal thinking) of Proto-Indo-European patterning is the creational reflective image of God's Eternal Word (Infinite Wisdom, Divine Logos, Intelligent Design), while Jesus Christ himself is the very objective real Eternal Word Made Flesh. In other words, whereas man carries the image of God's Eternal Word, Jesus Christ is himself the very true and perfect God, the Eternal Word in substance made flesh. Ultimately, the Mystery of God's Sacred Print (Creational Proto-Indo-European mold of thought language--intellect) and the Mystery of Faith are the one and same truth, namely, Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity Triune God. God reveals Himself through His entire universal creation. But above all the wondrous aspects of His infinite and diverse creation, He reveals Himself through His supreme attributes of Infinite Wisdom and Infinite Intelligence, as it is mirrored through the human faculty of intellect stamped at Creation with His Sacred Print, the mark of Proto-Indo-European modeling. Conclusively, God fulfills His creational revelation of the short image (human temporal intellect) of His Eternal Word through the actual Incarnation of His Only-Begotten Son. Father George Rutler states: 'Man left to himself can at best imitate the miraculous by simulating its ability to astonish. His modest 'wonders', which he designs by the imaginative intellect and builds by his free will, are metaphors of miracles, since man is a

limping metaphor of God. Man is in God's 'image' by having a creative intellect, active imagination and free will. ... " (The Seven Wonders of the World.- meditations on the Last Words of Christ, by George Willam Rutler. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, c1993, p. 8 “Introduction”) “1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God; 3 all things were made through him and without him was not anything made that was made. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men. 5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. 6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7 He came for testimony, to bear witness to the light, that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the light but came to bear witness to the light. 9 The true light that enlightens every man was coming into the world. 10 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world knew him not. 11 He came to his own home, and his own people received him not. 12 But to all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God; 13 who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. 14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, full of grace and truth, we have beheld his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father. 15 (John bore witness to him, and cried, This was he of whom I said, 'He who comes after me ranks before me, for he was before me.') 16 And from his fullness have we all received, grace upon grace. 17 For the law was given through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God, the only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has made him known. (John 1:1-18)” (The Navarre Bible, Saint John's Gospel.- in the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate; with a commentary by the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre. Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland: Four Courts Press, 1987, p. 43-52 “Prologue”) It is absolute logic and a divine mandate for Christians to solemnly and emphatically proclaim the genuinely singular and uniquely divine source and doctrine of Christian religion, God's Eternal Word of Truth, Grace, and Salvation for mankind, revealed by the Incarnation, Life, Preaching, Miracles, Transfiguration, Passion, Crucifixion, Resurrection, Ascension, and Gospel of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ the Divine Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity Triune God, the Eternal Word Made Flesh: “5 Thomas said to film, ‘Lord, we do not know where you are going, how can we know the way?' 6 Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but by me. 7 If you had known me, you would have known my Father also; henceforth you know him and have seen him.' (Ibid., Chapter 14, p. 181) 37 Pilate said to him, 'So you are a king? Jesus answered, 'You say that I am a king. For this I was born, and for this I have come into the world, to bear witness to the truth. Every one who is of the truth hears my voice.’" (Ibid., Chapter 18, p. 218-219)

"The greatest feat in history is not that man walked on the Moon, but that God walked on the Earth." Father George W. Rutler. (“Crisis in Culture” series, Eternal Word Television Netwrk, Global Catholic Radio, 1997) "Christianity is the only religion on our planet that makes a serious and plausible claim to be something more than a human ideal, to be nothing less than a divine revelation destined for the entire human family.” (Faith and Certitude, by Thomas Dubay, S.M. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, c1985, p. 135 “Biblical Criticism and Theological Certitude”) "As long as this world continues, the interior illuminations will not abandon the preaching of the Gospel, the exterior announcing of the good news. The exigency of this exterior preaching is inscribed in the very mystery of the Incarnation. What did the Eternal Word desire when he planned to become incarnate? He desired to retain, in the midst of the many human voices carrying human messages in which error and truth are mixed, one human voice carrying a message that is divine. He desired that, in such a way, the supreme, eternal, and divine salvation be proposed to men under a supremely human form, in the manner of an invitation, which would be often very gentle, sometimes threatening, but salutary. And by arranging that, after his departure for heaven, divine revelation would be transmitted to men by men, and to generations of men by other generations of men, he willed to bind men together in the world by divine chains." (The Theology of the Church, by Charles Cardinal Journet (1891-1975); tranilated by Victor Szczurek, O. Praem. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, c2004, p. 5 7) “When the Patriarch's [Abraham] forbears journeyed from the east to the plain of Shinar, they cried, 'Let us make us a name!' In our Bible the name of Sumer has vanished into a linguistic thicket only scholars hope to penetrate. But we know that when the Biblical scribes recorded the psalms, proverbs, and lamentations of the Hebrews' heritage, they enriched and ennobled ideas and themes first set down in Sumer--a land that truly made a name for itself.” (Everyday Life in Bible Times. Washingion DC: National Geographic Society, [1968?], p. 54 “The World Of Abraham, by Samuel Noah Kramer”) Eventually, the said linguistic thicket of history, hitherto a long-challenging mystery for all generations, has been penetrated and God's Sacred Print hidden in the diversity of world languages deciphered. Through the discipline of Comparative factual linguistics and thanks to the scientific method of comparative phonemic analysis (Proto-IndoEuropean Phonology, by W. Ph. Lehmann. Austin, Texas: 1952, p. 1, 5 – Author’s A Brief Comparative Etymological Dictionary, Part One. Garrett Park; MD, c1998, p. 36), the erroneous theory of make-believe Armenian etymologies-purporting both so-called theoretically reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots and alleged foreign loanwords-has been refuted, together with related myths about the origins of Armenia and the false claim of non-creational multiple origins of human language. Finally, affecting most

fundamental tenets of Christian ontology, the dogmas of the Uniquely Divine Revelation and Absolute Truth of the Incarnate Eternal Word Jesus Christ and of the Most Holy Trinity Triune God have been scientifically vindicated, supported with rationally relevant comparative factual lingual data. Kajak Balekjian, Licenciate in Law, librarian-cataloger, Library of Congress, retired; author of articles in learned journals and of publications on Philology, Comparative factual linguistics and related Scriptural matters, since 1955, received with appreciation and praise from prestigious world professionals.