"Did Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems lead to Jobs-housing Jobs ho sing balance? A case studyy on two ppopulation p groups g p along BRT lines in Jinan...
"Did Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems lead to Jobs-housing Jobs ho sing balance? A case studyy on two ppopulation p groups g p along BRT lines in Jinan City
Dr Zhaohu Shandong Jianzhu University 1 D 2016 1st Dec 2016
Outline • • • • •
1. Concepts and Problems 2 . Mentality and Methods 3 .Dates and Survey 4 .Analysis and Discussion 5 .Conclusions Conclusions and suggestions
1 Concepts and Problems • JHB+TOD+BRT • 1.1 1 1 Jobs-housing J b h i b balance(JHB) l (JHB) • • •
Jobs-housing balance——A planning tool (APA) The notion of balancing jobs and housing goes well beyond trying to attain numerical equality. The job-housing imbalance results in traffic congestion that threatens quality of life, increases driver frustrations, harms air quality and reduces worker productivity.
In the fact Jobs-housing imbalance Long long Vmt Vmt ROAD RAGE DESK RAGE
•1.2 Transit Oriented Development( TOD) •New Urbanism Peter Calthorpe •A A center t with ith a transit t it station t ti or stop t •Mixed-use development •train train station, metro station, or BRT station
BRT =JHB？？
Union Square, a transit-oriented development centred on Kowloon Station, Hong Kong
TOD modle
It has been shown that mixed-use development can reduce trip eneration by 20 to 25 percent when compared to stand-alone, singleuse development (Stover and Koepke 1988).
• 1.3 Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) • •
BRT system in Curitiba, Brazil, p in 1974. implemented the BRT properties, such as speed, capacity in between normal bus transit and metro transit. Performance comparison of city’s main public transport way Public transportation p
Subwayy
Light rail g
Way form
Dedicated rail
Dedicated rail
6.0～8.0
1.5～3.5
0.15～0.45
0.1～0.2
30～40 20～30
25～30 40～60
20～30 60～90
15～25 60～90
3 0～7 0 3.0～7.0
1 0～3 0 1.0～3.0
0 8～1 8 0.8～1.8
0 8～1 2 0.8～1.2
0～0.2
≤0.5
0.5～0.7
1.0～2.0
1
1/5～1/3
1/20～1/10
1/30～1/10
1 60
2/3 36
1/2 7
employees
distancemeasure
• the overall distance balance both the employees and the residents is more than 60%, 60% while the whole Jinan City, City the average employment commuting distance of less than 5 km is about 35% (2013 Jinan City Comprehensive Traffic Survey Data).
• Distance balance: old town > new urban • The distance balance among old town residents is higher than that of new urban residents, while the overall distance balances of the workers are basically in similar situation.
• housing prices old town VS new urban housing prices old town VS new urban
distancemeasure
housingprices
4 2 The other balances analysis 4.2 • Time balance: the old town to n >the new ne urban; rban; • Administrative balance: the new urban > the old town.
administrativemeasure
timemeasure
4 3 The BRT users 4.3 users’ balance analysis • Th The BRT users'' level l l off jobs-housing j b h i balance b l is i lower than the overall average, no matter what kind of measure. measure
• BRT User Group Features U G F t • Youngstaff+Workplacefreshmen+Tenant+Higher income+ Highlyeducated Highly educated occupation type occupationtype
age
education
income
workingseniority
housingtype
4 4 Cause analysis 4.4 • Actually, these respondents may just live or work near the BRT stations and may commute in other way. • Questionnaire Q i i :10%. 10% • Jinan comprehensive traffic survey report (2013):2% • And another question is why residents and employees around BRT stations don’t use BRT? bus
car
Bike(elec trombile)
The other
On foot
Jinan comprehensive traffic survey Questionnaire
4 4 1 The phased defect of BRT facilities 4.4.1.The phased defect of BRT facilities • the flexibilityy of BRT is insufficient . • defect in line numbers • unsatisfactoryy space p coverage g • poor walking environment
4.4.2 The supply and demand contradiction of BRT facilities • the passengers • the old VS the young
5 Conclusions and suggestions 5 Conclusions and suggestions • 5.1 Conclusions g y • 5.1.1 BRT affect Jobs-housingg balance insignificantly. • 5.1.2 The situation of Jobs-housing balance around different BRT stations is different • D Deficiency: fi i Th data The d t off Questionnaire Q ti i in i this thi survey is i less than 700, the final conclusion may have some li it ti limitations.
5.2 Suggestions • 5.2.1 Improving the BRT facilities, including line number, area covered, walking environment and so on. • 5.2.2 Means of planning and design can be improved. Such as connecting the BRT stations and service facilities, joint d l development.
• 55.2.3 2 3 Adjusting the time of BRT users through fiscal policy, policy encouraging the elders to choose other transportation. • 5.2.4Speeding 5 2 4Speeding up the construction of Urban Rail Transit. Transit
