DhammaPADA List Prepare Date: Oct 8,2007 By Phua Tan Last update: Oct 14, 2007 By Paul Tan

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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Buddha's First Admonition......................................................................................................................3 Buddha's Last Admonition......................................................................................................................3 Evil Begets Evil......Dpd1........................................................................................................................4 Good Begets Good......Dpd2..................................................................................................................4 Anger is Conquered by Love.... Dpd5....................................................................................................5 The Weak Succumb to Temptation but Not The Strong Dpd7&8...........................................................5 Lust pierces The Hearts of The Undeveloped But Not Those of The Developed.....Dpd13&14............6 Learning Without Practice is of No Worth.....Dpd19&20........................................................................6 The Heedless Die; the Heedful Do Not....Dpd21,22&23........................................................................7 To The Vigilant There is No Fear....Dpd38&39.......................................................................................8 An Ill-disposed Mind Is The Greatest Enemy....Dpd42...........................................................................8 Seek Not Others' Faults But Your Own....Dpd50....................................................................................9 Happily He Lives Who Drinks of The Dhamma....Dpd79.......................................................................9 Unshaken As a Rock Are The Wise Amidst Praise and Blame...Dpd81..............................................10 One Useful Verses Is Better Than A Thousand Useless Verses...Dpd101..........................................10 A Brief Life of Wisdom Is Better Than a Long Life of Stupidity....Dpd111.............................................11 Decay and Death Are Universal.....Dpd135..........................................................................................11 Seek The Light.....Dpd146....................................................................................................................12 Self is One's Refuge.....Dpd160...........................................................................................................12 Be Truthful, Patient and Generous.......Dpd224...................................................................................13 Purify Yourself Gradually...........Dpd239...............................................................................................13 Purify Words, Thoughts and Deeds....Dpd281.....................................................................................14 The Gift of Dhamma Excels All Other Gifts...Dpd354..........................................................................14

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BUDDHA'S FIRST ADMONITION Do no evil, do whatever is good, purify the mind. During the period when the Buddha was staying in Velunana Vihara, a certain incident took place on the Full Moon day of the third lunar month. Also known as The Magha Puja Day, being performed to emphasize the significance of the Magha month. It was the period in which the Buddha constituted the Main Code of his instructions and which is universally regarded as the heart of Buddhist Teachings. The Bhikkhus, about 1,250 in number who had been ordained by the Buddha himself and since then engaged in missionary activities, returned without prior notice to the Great Teacher to question him further about his teachings. Thus took place the Great Assembly of all the Holy Ones at Veluvana Vihara where Buddha delivered the discourse on the Main Code of his teaching which can be summarized thus: “Patience, that is to say Forbearance, is considered the Supreme Endeavour. All the Buddhas speak of NIBBANA as the Highest Goal; a Bhikkhu who still does harm and violence to others is not a recluse at all. Do no evil, do whatever is good, purify the mind. This is the Teaching of the Buddhas, Non-abuse, harmlessness, restraint through the disciplinary Code. This is the Teaching of all the Buddhas”.

BUDDH A' S L AS T AD MONITION Sabbe Sankara Anicca Appamadena Sampadetha All conditioned things are impermanent – strive forth with diligence The Buddha's last admonition before passing into Parinibbana at Kusinara on the Vesak Day of 543 BC at the age of 80 ... "Therefore, be islands unto yourselves. Be your own refuge. Have recourse to none else for refuge. Hold fast to the Dharma as an island. Hold fast to the Dharma as a refuge. Resort to no other refuge. Whosoever, either now or after I am gone, shall be islands unto themselves, refuges unto themselves, shall seek no external refuge,it is they, among my disciples who shall reach the very topmost height! But they must be keen to progress." • Behold now, Bhikkhus, I exhort you: All compounded things are subject to decay. Strive with diligence! (DN 16 Mahaparinibbana Sutta 6:8) •

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EVIL BEGETS EVIL......DPD1 Manopubbangama dhamma – manosettha manomaya Manasa ce padutthena – bhasati va karoti va Tato nam dukkhamanveti – cakkum va vahato padam Mind is the forerunner of (all evil) states Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with wicked mind, because of that suffering follows one, even as the wheel follows the hoof of the draught-ox Story: A middle-aged devout person named Cakkhupala, became a monk and was energetically leading a contemplative life. As a result of his strenuous endeavour he realized Arahantship, the final stage of Sainthood, but unfortunately went blind. One day as he was pacing up and down the ambulatory he unintentionally killed many insects. Some visiting monks, noticing the blood-stained ambulatory, complained to the Buddha that he had committed the offence of killing. The Buddha explained that the monk had killed them unintentionally and that he was an Arahant. The monks then wished to know the cause of his blindness. The Buddha related that in a past birth, as a physician, that particular monk had given an ointment to a poor woman to restore her eyesight. She promised that she would become his servant together with her children if her eyesight was restored. The remedy worked but the woman, not willing to keep her promise, pretended that her eyes were getting worse. The vindictive physician, yielding a wicked thought, retaliated by giving her another ointment which blinded her eyes. In consequence of his past evil action the Arahant became blind.

GOOD BEGETS GOOD......DPD2 Mano pubbangama dhamma – manosettha manomaya Manasa ce passannena – bhasati va karoti va Tato nam sukhamanveti – chaya va anapayini Mind is the forerunner of (all good) states. Mind is chief; mind-made are they. If one speaks or acts with pure mind, because of that, happiness follows one, even as one's shadow that never leaves Story: Mattakundali, the only son of a stingy millionaire, was suffering from jaundice and was on the verge of death because his father would not consult a physician lest some part of his money should have to be spent. The Buddha, perceiving with His Divine Eye the sad plight of the dying boy, appeared before him. Seeing the Buddha, he was pleased, and, dying with a pure heart, full of faith in the Buddha, was born in a heavenly state.

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ANGER IS CONQUERED BY LOVE.... DPD5 Nahi verena verani – sammanti'dha kudacancam Averenacasammanti – esa dhammo sanantano Hatred never cease through hatred in this world; through love alone they cease. This is an eternal law. Story: A husband had two wives, one barren, the other fruitful. The former, actuated by jealousy, mixed a drug in the latter's food and caused two successive abortions. On the third occasion the potion killed both the mother and fetus. The dying woman willed vengeance on her killer and her offspring, and she carried out her resolve. The other too did likewise. Thus both women avenged themselves in the course of two successive births. In their third birth circumstances, however, compelled both to meet the Buddha, who pacified them by advising them not to retaliate.

T H E W E A K S U C C U M B T O T E M P TAT I O N B U T N O T T H E S T R O N G DPD7&8 Subhanupassim viharantam – indriyesu asamvutam Bhojanamhi amattannum – kusitam hinaviriyam Tam ve pasahati maro – vato rukkham'va dubbalam Asubhanupassim viharantam – indriyesu susamvutam Bhojanamhi ca mattannum – saddham araddhaviriyam Tam ve nappasahati maro – vato selam'va pabbatam Whoever lives contemplating pleasant things, with senses unrestrained, in food immoderate, indolent, inactive, him verily Mara overthrows, as the wind (overthrows) a weak tree. Whoever lives contemplating “the Impurities”, with these senses restrained, in food moderate, full of faith, full of sustained energy, him Mara overthrows not, as the wind (does not overthrow) a rocky mountain. Story: Two brothers became monks, the elder by conviction and the younger without any faith. The faithless younger monk, constantly thinking of material pleasures, succumbed to the temptations of his former wives and left the Order. The devout elder monk strove hard and attained Arahantship. His former wives tried to entrap hm but failed.

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LUST PIERCES THE HEARTS OF THE UNDEVELOPED BUT NOT THOSE OF THE DEVELOPED.....DPD13&14 Yatha garam ducchannam – vutthi samativijjhati Evam abhavitam cittam – rago samativijjhati Yatha'garam succhannam – vutthi na samativijjhati Evam subhavitam cittam – rago na samativijjhati Even as rain penetrates an ill-thatched house, so does lust penetrate an undeveloped mind. Even as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so does lust not penetrate a welldeveloped mind. Story: Prince Nanda, the step-brother of the Buddha, was admitted by the Buddha into the Order on his wedding day. As he was constantly thinking of his bride-elect instead of meditating the Buddha employed an effective means whereby the Venerable Nanda renounced his former lustful thoughts and attained Arahantship. The Buddha compared his former state of mind to an ill-thatched house and his changed pure mental state to a well-thatched house.

LE AR NING WITHOUT PR ACTI CE IS OF NO WORTH.....DPD 19&20 Bahum pi ce sahitam bhasamano – na takkaro hoti naro pamatto Gopo'vo gavo ganayam paresam – na bhagava samannassa hoti. Appam pi ce sahitam bhasamano – dhammassa hoti anudhammacari Ragan ca dosan ca pahaya moham – sammappajano suvimmutacitto Anupadiyano idha va huram va – sa bhagava samannassa hoti Though much he recites the Sacred Texts but acts not accordingly, that heedless man is like a cowherd who counts other's kine. He has no share in the fruits of the Holy Life. Though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but acts in accordance with the teaching, forsaking lust, hatred and ignorance, truly knowing, with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter he shares the fruits of the Holy Life. Story: There were two monks – one a worlding but well-versed in the Dhamma, the other an Arahant though not so erudite. The worlding did not practise what he knew; the one who knew little practised the Dhamma and, realizing Nibbana, enjoyed the fruits of the Holy Life. The scholarly monk desired to embarrass other by putting some intricate questions connected with the realization of the Dhamma. The Arahant answered them all from personal experience, but the other could not as he had not attained to any Paths of Sainthood. Thereupon the Buddha praised th Arahant who had practised His teaching, though possessing less knowledge of the Dhamma.

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T H E H E E D L E S S D I E ; T H E H E E D F U L D O N O T. . . . D P D 2 1 , 2 2 & 2 3 Appamado amatapadam – pamado-maccuno padam Appamatta na miyant – ye pamatta yatha mata Etam visesato natva – appamadamhi pandita Appamade pamodanti – ariyanam gocare rata Te jhayino satatika – niccam dalhaparakkhama Phusanti dhira nibbanam – yogakkhemam anuttaram Heedfulness is the path to the deathless, heedlessness is the path to death The Heedful do not die, the heedless are like unto the dead. Distinctly understanding this (difference), the wise (intent) on heedfulness rejoice in heedfulness, delighting in the realm of the Ariyas The constantly meditative, the ever steadfastly ones realize the bond-free, supreme Nibbana. Story: A jealous queen Magandiya, caused an innocent rival of hers, Samavati, to be burnt alive. The king, hearing of the pathetic incident, subjected Magandiya toa worse death. The monks wished to know which of the two was actually alive and which dead. The Buddha explained that the heedless like Magandiya, should be regarded dead, while the heedful like Samavati should be regarded as alive.

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TO THE VIGIL ANT THER E IS NO FE AR. ...DPD 38&39 Anavatthitacittassa – saddhammam avijanato Pariplavapasadassa – panna na paripurati Anavassutacittassa – ananvahatacetaso Punnapapapahinassa – natthi jagarato bhayam He whose mind is not steadfast, he who knows not the true doctrine, he whose confidence wavers – the wisdom of such a one will never be perfect. He whose mind is not soaked (by lust), he who is not affected (by hatred), he who has transcended both good and evil – for such a vigilant one there is no fear. Story: A farmer entered the Order thinking to lead an easy life. Six times he discarded the robe and each time he re-entered the Order. Once seeinghis pregnant wife in disarray, he was disgusted of wordly life. On the way to the monastery he meditated andbecame a Stream-Winner (Sotapanna) and entreated the unwilling monks to re-ordain him. He received his ordination and, before long, attained Arahantship. When the monks mentioned to the Buddha that he claimed Arahantship the Buddha explained his state of mind before and after his realization of Nibbana.

A N I L L - D I S P O S E D M I N D I S T H E G R E AT E S T E N E M Y. . . . D P D 4 2 Diso disam yam tam kayira – veri va pana verinam Micchapanihitam cittam – papiyo nam tato kare Whatever (harm) a foe may do to a foe, or a hater to a hater, an ill-directed mind can do one far greater (harm). Story: A wealthy herdsman entertained the Buddha. When the Buddha departed he accompanied Him for some distance and turned back. As he was returninig he was accidentally killed by a stray arrow. The monks remarked that if the Buddha had not visited that place, the man would not have met wit that fatal accident. The Buddha replied that under no circumstances would he have escaped his death owing to a past evil Kamma and added that the internal ill-directed mind would become very inimical to oneself.

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S E E K N O T O T H E R S ' F A U LT S B U T Y O U R O W N . . . . D P D 5 0 Na paresam vilomani – na paresam katakatam Attano'va avekkheyya – katani akatani ca Let not one seek others' faults, things left done and undone by others, but one's own deeds done and undone. Story: A naked ascetic, through jealousy, prevented a female follower of his from listening to the Teaching of the Buddha. She, however, invited the Buddha to her house through her son. When she was hearing the Dhamma from the Buddha the ascetic suddenly appeared on the scene and abused her and the Buddha. As the woman was perturbed in mind at this sudden outburst the Buddha advised her not to seek the faults of others but her own.

H A P P I LY H E L I V E S W H O D R I N K S O F T H E D H A M M A . . . . D P D 7 9 Dhammapiti sukham seti – vippasannena cetasa Ariyappavedite dhamme – sada ramati pandito He who imbibes the Dhamma abides in happiness with mind pacified; the wise man ever delights in the Dhamma revealed by the Ariyas*. (* Ariya, which means “one who is far removed from passions”, was originally a racial term. In Buddhism it indicates nobility of character, and is invariably applied to the Buddhas and Arahants.)

Story: A king entered the Order and attaining Arahantship, was constantly saying, “oh happiness!” The monks misconstruing his joy, told the Buddha that he was evidently thinking of his erstwhile royal pleasures. The Buddha corrected them and said that he was mentally enjoying the bliss of Nibbana.

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UNSH AK E N AS A ROCK AR E THE WIS E AM I DST PR AI S E AN D BL AME ...DPD 81 Selo yatha ekaghano – vatena na samirati Evam nindapasamsasu – na saminjanti pandita As a solid rock is not shaken by the wind, even so the wise are not ruffled by praise or blame. Story: Not knowing who he was, some novices harassed a distinguished Arahant who was short in stature. When the Buddha heard that the monk had shown no resentment, He remarked that Arahants remain unmoved like a rock in praise and blame.

ONE US EFUL VERS ES IS BETTER TH AN A THOUS AND USELESS VERSES...DPD101 Sahassam api ce gatha – anatthapadasamhita Ekam gathapadam seyyo – yam sutva upasammati Better than a thousand verses, comprising useless words, is one beneficial single ling, by hearing which one is pacified. Story: A ship-wrecked person swam with difficulty to the shore and saved himself. As he went about clothed with the bark of trees people mistook him for an Arahant. Realizing his folly, he went to see the Buddha and was converted by His beneficial words of wisdom.

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A BRIEF LIFE OF WISDOM IS BETTER THAN A LONG LIFE OF S T U P I D I T Y. . . . D P D 1 1 1 Yo ca vassasatam jive – duppanno asamahito Ekaham jivitam seyyo – pannavantassa jhayino Though one should live a hundred years without wisdom and control, yet better, indeed, is a single day's life of one who is wise and meditative. Story: A monk having attained Arahantship in a forest was coming to see the Buddha. As he was tired he sat on a flat rock and was enwrapt in Jhana ecstasy. Some thieves, having plundered a village, were carrying their loot when they came up to the rock where the monk was seated in meditation. Mistaking him for a tree stump as it was dark, they piled their stolen goods on his head and slept. When the day dawned they discovered their mistake and, begging pardon from him, became monks. With their teacher they came to the Buddha. Hearing of their conversion, the Buddha praised a life of wisdom.

D E C AY A N D D E AT H A R E U N I V E R S A L . . . . . D P D 1 3 5 Yatha dandena gopalo – gavo paceti gocaram Evam jara ca maccu ca – ayum pacenti paninam As with a staff the herdsman drives his kine to pasture, even so do old age and death drive out the lives of beings. Story: In the house of Visakha women of varying ages observed the Holy Day. When questioned as to the reason for their pious conduct they gave different replies. Hearing their views, the Buddha spoke on the fleeting nature of life.

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S E E K T H E L I G H T. . . . . D P D 1 4 6 Ko nu haso kimanando – niccam pajjalite sati Andhakarena onaddha – padipam na gavessatha What is laughter, what is joy, when the world is every burning? Shrouded by darkness, would you need seek the light? Story: Visakha, the chief lay benefactress of the Buddha, once visited Him, accompanied by some women who, without her knowledge, had become drunk. In their drunken state they discourteously danced and sang before the Buddha. By His psychic powers the Buddha created a darkness which brought them to their senses. The Buddha then uttered this verse.

SELF IS ONE'S REFUGE.....DPD160 Atta hi attano natho – ko hi natho paro siya Attana va sudantena – natham labhati dullabham Oneself, indeed, is one's saviour, for what other saviour would there be? With oneself well controlled one obtains a saviour difficult to find. Story: A nun prior to her ordination conceived a child and later gave birth to a son. The King adopted him. Having come of age, the boy became a monk and attained arahantship. The mother nun could not give up her affection towards her son. One day she casually met him on the street going in quest of alms. She approached him with affection but the son did not return the affection. Thihs unexpected attitude on the part of the son induced her to root out her affection towards him and attained Arahantship. Hearing of her realization, the Buddha explained that one's saviouir or refuge is oneself.

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B E T R U T H F U L , PAT I E N T A N D G E N E R O U S . . . . . . . D P D 2 2 4 Saccam bhane na kujjheyya – dajja'ppasmim pi yacito Etehi tihi thanehi – gacche devana santike. One should utter the truth. One should not be angry. One should give even from a scanty store to him who asks. Along these three paths one may go to the presence of the gods. Story: The Venerable Moggallana inquired of the devas what meritorious acts had led to their rebirth in such a celestial realm. They mentioned the trifling acts done by them involving such virtues as truthfulness, patience, generosity, etc. When the Venerable Moggallana wished to know from the Buddha whether trifling good acts could produce rebirth in a heaven the Buddha uttered this verse in explanation.

P U R I F Y Y O U R S E L F G R A D U A L LY. . . . . . . . . . . D P D 2 3 9 Anupubbena medhavi – thokathokam khane khane Kammaro rajatass' eva – niddhame malam attano By degress, little by little, from time to time, a wise person should remove his own impurities, as a smith removes (the dross) of silver. Story: A devout person, realizing the inconveniences caused to monks while wearing robes in a grassy plot of land, started erecting a hall for the purpose. Having completed his good work little by little, he invited the Buddha and the Sangha to an alms-giving and related the history of the gradual development of the hall. The Buddha praised him and preached on the gradual removal of one's impurities.

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PURIFY WORDS, THOUGHTS AND DEEDS....DPD281 Vacanurakkhi manasa susamvuto – kayena ca akusalamma kayira Ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye – aradhaye maggam isippaveditam Watchful of speech, well restrained in mind, let him do nought unskilful through his body. Let him purify these three ways of actions and wind the path realized by the sages. Story: A monk, having divided by slander two monks who were friends, was reborn as a hideous peta (hungry ghost). The Ven. Moggalana saw him and mentioned it to the Buddha who also had seen him on an earlier occasion. The Buddha thereupn commented on the evil consequences of slandering.

THE GIFT OF DH AM M A EXC ELS AL L OTHER GIFTS...DP D354 Sabbadanam dhammadanam jinati... sabbam rasam dhammaraso jinati

Sabbam ratim dhammarati jinati .... tanhakkhayo sabbadukkham jinati

The gift of Truths excels all (other) gifts. The flavor of Truth excels all (other) flavor. The pleasure in Truth excels all (other) pleasures. He who has destroyed craving overcomes all sorrow. Story: In reply to four questions raised by Sakka, King of the gods, the Buddha uttered this verse.

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