Developments in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction

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nJJpJrp Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences - Vol. 390

Developments in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction edited by

Polat Gülkan Department of Civil Engineering and Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey and

Ray W. Clough Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.

Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Developments in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Kemer, Antalya, Turkey July 8-16,1992

ISBN 978-94-010-4770-8 ISBN 978-94-011-1755-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1755-5

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

vii

List of Contributors

ix

List of Participants

xi

John P. Wolf / Survey and Classification of Computational Approaches in Soil-Structure Interaction: Comparison of Time- and FrequencyDomain Analyses M. Nuray Aydmoglu / Development of Analytical Techniques in SoilStructure Interaction

25

Denis Aubry / Computational Soil Dynamics and Soil-Structure Interaction

43

D.E. Beskos / Applications of the Boundary Element Method in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction

61

Ray W. Clough / A Structural Engineer's View of Soil-Structure-Interaction

91

Y. Mengi and A.K. Tannkulu / Absorbing Boundary Conditions in Soil-Structure Interaction Analyses

111

M. Novak and O. Ramadan / Soil-Structure Interaction in Large Structures Subjected to Incoherent Ground Motions

147

Joseph Penzien, Cheng-Hsing Chen, Yang-Jye Lee, Hai-Nan Hsiau and Ikuo Katayama / Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis Using Multiple Input Motions 167 P. GiiIkan / Influence of Different Soil Modeling Criteria in SSI Analysis

179

James J. Johnson and Alejandro P. Asfura / Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI): Observations, Data, and Correlative Analysis

219

A. Castoldi / Dynamic Tests on Large Structures for Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction: Experimental Methods and Experimental Techniques

259

Jethro W. Meek / Simplified Soil Dynamics Using Cone Models

285

A.S. Veletsos / Design Concepts for Dynamics of Soil-Structure Interaction

307

M. Watabe, K. Muroi and K. Fukutake / Dynamic Characteristics of Quaternary Sand-Gravel Deposits

327

vi

Joseph Penzien, C.H. Chen, W.Y. Jean and YJ. Lee / Seismic Analysis of Rectangular Tunnels in Soft Ground

349

M. Novak / Pile-Soil-Pile Interaction under Small and Large Displacements

361

P.G. Carydis / The Soil-Structure Interaction Problem as It Is Dealt with by Various Codes for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

381

M. Watabe, T. Watanabe, T. Sato and K. Dan / Estimation and Generation of Design Input Motion

401

INDEX

435

PREFACE This book is a collection of papers which were presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Developments in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction" held at the Hotel Bilkent Paradise in Kemer, Antalya, Turkey during 8-16 July 1992. A broad overview of the soil-structure interaction phenomenon in a dynamic environment was performed at the Institute. For the last couple of decades it has been well recognized that the foundation material on which a structure is constructed may interact dynamically with the structure during its response to earthquake or other form of disturbance to the extent that stresses and deflections in the system are modified, sometimes significantly, from the values which would have been developed if it were on a rigid foundation. Treatment of the subject matter fell into five major areas. This treatment is also the way in which this book is organized. Six papers dealt with what may be described as basic theory. Soil-structure interaction methods were classified, and time and frequency domain solutions were compared. While relatively recent approaches such as the boundary element method, critical assessment of transmitting boundaries or effect of incoherent ground motions on spatially extended structures received attention, the unifying formulation in terms of well-known structural engineering concepts was also cited. Given the vigorous development of computational techniques oriented towards analysis, the idea of checking the effectiveness and correctness of these procedures through correlation studies using field tests was a natural sequel. Several papers addressed observations, data and correlative analysis in soil-structure systems, generally with a slant towards nuclear facilities. Not surprisingly, the SSI validation project in Lotung, Taiwan co-located with the SMART-l array found frequent reference during the Institute. A wide variety of soil-structure interaction problems may be formulated and solved quite accurately using simplified models in lieu of rigorous procedures. Papers dealing with such models emphasized the fact that for end-user purposes a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts not overshadowed by the mathematics of the exact solutions can be achieved. The success of any soil-structure analysis rests on the accuracy with which the dynamic behavior of the soil domain can be modeled. Two papers addressed this problem from the computational and physical characterization viewpoints. Practical problems were illustrated by analysis of tunnel linings and stiffness and damping of pile groups. Finally, design code provisions and estimation and generation of design input motions completed the overview of soil-structure interaction in engineering practice. We acknowledge gratefully the award granted by the NATO Scientific Affairs Committee which enabled us to organize this Advanced Study Institute. Other supporters and contributors were: Middle East Technical University, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, STF A Construction Company, KAS Construction Company, and the Turkish Electricty Authority. We wish to express our appreciation to Nesrin Bal}oz for her outstanding job as administrative secretary and to Dr. Haluk Sucuoglu, Ugurhan Akyiiz, Alphan Nurtug and Oguzhan Bayrak for their assistance. Our final words of thanks go to the contributors for their involvement, and to the participants who made the whole effort worthwhile.

Polat Giilkan and Ray W. Clough November 1992 vii

NATO Advanced Study Institute on Developments in Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Kerner, Antalya, Turkey 8-16 July 1992 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Prof. Polat Giilkan

Department of Civil Engineering Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara, Turkey

Prof. Ray W. Clough

Department of Civil Engineering University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 USA

Prof. Milos Novak

Department of Civil Engineering University of Western Ontario London, Ontario Canada

Dr. Jethro W. Meek

Fr. Holst Construction Company Ellerholzweg 14 D-2102 Hamburg 93 Germany

Prof. Dimitri E. Beskos

Department of Civil Engineering University of Patras, GR-2611O Patras, Greece

Prof. Panayotis G. Carydis

Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering Polytechnic Campus-Zografos 15700 Athens Greece

Prof. Makato Watabe

Senior Manager, Shimizu Corporation Seavans South No. 2-3 Shibaura 1-chome Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-07 Japan

Prof. John P. Wolf

Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques Institut d'Hydraulique et d'Energie Department de Genie Civil, EPFL CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland ix

x

Dr. Nuray Aydmoglu

Engineering Manager STFA Construction Company Tophanelioglu Cad. No. 19 Altunizade, Camhca istanbul, Turkey

Prof. YalCm Mengi

Department of Engineering Sciences Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara, Turkey

Prof. Joseph Penzien

International Civil Engineering Consultants, Inc. 1995 University Avenue, Suite 119 Berkeley, California 94704 USA

Prof. Anestis S. Veletsos

Department of Civil Engineering Rice University P.O. Box 1892 Houston, Texas 77251 USA

Dr. James J. Johnson

EQE Engineering Consultants 44 Montgomery St., Suite 3200 San Francisco, California 94507 USA

Dr. Aldo Castoldi

ISMES Viale G. Cesare 29 24150 Bergamo Italy

Prof. Denis Aubry

Ecole Centrale de Paris Grande Voie des Vignes 92295 Chatenay Malabry Cedex France

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Dr. Aybars Giirpmar*

IAEA Wagramerstr. 5 P.O. Box 100 A-I400 Vienna Austria

Geert Degrande

Department of Civil Engineering K. U. Luevan Willem de Croylaan B-3001 Heverlee Belgium

Dr. Christian Legrand

Head of Geotech. Div. CSTCIWTCB 53 rue d' Arion B-lOOO Brussels Belgium

Dr. Kiril Hadjiyski

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1113 Sofia Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 3, CLSMEE Bulgaria

Dr. Yvonna Kolekova*

Institute of Construction and Architecture Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska Cesta 9 84220 Bratislava CSFR

Prof. Sheldon Cherry

Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. V6PIZ4 Canada

Prof. Gary Sabin

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NF AIB3X5 Canada

Mauri Koskinen

Tampere University of Technology P.O. Box 600 Tampere, Finland

Prof. Stavroula Pantazopoulou*

Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Toronto, Canada xi

xii

Prof. Sudhir K. Jain

Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 India

Prof. Moshe Eisenberger

Civil Engineering Department Technion City 3200 Israel

Dr. Azm AI-Hamoud

Civil Engineering Department Jordan University of Sciences & Tech. P.O. Box 3030 Irbid, Jordan

Prof. Dimitar Petrovski

IZIIS Inst. of Earthquake Engineering and Eng. Seismology P.O. Box 101 91000 Skopje Republic of Macedonia

Dr. Robert Gajewski

Warsaw University of Technology 00-637 Warszawa Aleja Armii Ludowej 16 Poland

Prof. Rodrigues Carvalho

Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2825 Monte de Caparica Portugal

Dr. Alexandra Chaves

Universidade Nova de Lisboa/Seccao Autonoma de Geotecnica 2825 Monte de Caparica Portugal

Manuel Nunes

LNEC Avenue do Brasil 10 1 1799 Lisboa Codex Portugal

Joao Paulo B. Serra

LNEC Av. Brasil 101 1799 Lisboa Codex Portugal

Jose Freire Lucas'

Escola Superior Agraria Quinta da Senhora de Mercules 6000 Castelo Branco Portugal

XIll

Altan Abdulamit

Bucharest Inst. of Civil Engineering 124, Lacul Tei Bd. Sector 2 Bucharest 72302 Romania

Dr. Anton Chirica

Bucharest Inst. of Civil Engineering Boul. Lacul Tei 124, Sector 2 Bucharest 72302 Romania

Prof. Jacob Eisenberg

Department of Structural Earthquake Resistance 2nd Institutskay St. 2 6 TsNIISK Moscow 109428 Russia

Tadeusz Szczesiak

HIL E 13.2 ETH -Honggerberg Institute of Structural Engineering 8093 Zurich Switzerland

Ugurhan Akyiiz

Department of Civil Engineering Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara, Turkey

Prof. Gokhan Baykal

Department of Civil Engineering Bogazi