Developments and Perspectives of Marine Engines Clean Combustion and Greenhouse Gases Thursday 6 November 2008 by Paolo Tremuli
1
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
2
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
3
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Abatement Strategies Primary Methods
-Limited Effect on reduction -Impact on engine efficiency
NOX
After Treatments
Engine Emissions
-Highest flexibility -Highest engine efficiency
SOX LSF ULSF
Efficiency Recovery
-Easy operation -High Costs expected
-Energy consumption equipment and Energy production shall be integrated
CO2 CO2 Capture 4
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
-Highest flexibility -Highest engine efficiency
The NOX trade-off HC PM CO
Emissions (ppm)
NOX
“… there are trade-offs with improving NOX emissions on other emissions such as particle matter and CO, as shown in Figure 4.2. Manufacturers must use a synergetic approach to gain a competitive edge by balancing the reduction of one type of engine emission against another, keeping in mind that fuel economy must not suffer.”
Specific Fuel Consumption
Emissions (ppm)
SFOC
Source: CIMAC Guide to Exhaust Emission Control Options, 4-4 5
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
2011
2016
NOX
Low CO2 SCR Flame temperature
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
6
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
NOx reduction – IMO requirements and methods Specific NOx emissions (g/kWh)
Tier I (present)
18
Ships built 2000 onwards Engines > 130 kW
16 14
Dry/Wet Methods
12 10 8
Tier II (global 2011)
6
Ships built 2011 onwards Engines > 130 kW
Selective Catalytic Reduction
4
Tier III (ECAs 2016)
2 0 0
200
400
600
800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rated engine speed (rpm)
7
Retrofit: Ships built 1990 – 2000 Engines > 90 litres/cylinder and > 5000 kW
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Ships in designated areas, 2016 onwards Engines > 600 kW
Revision of Marpol Annex VI Regulation 14 - SOx and PM Global limit sulphur % 4.50 % until 1.1.2012 3.50 % from 1.1.2012 0.50 % from 1.1.2020 Emission Control Areas sulphur % 1.50 % until 1.3.2010 1.00 % from 1.3.2010 0.10 % from 1.1.2015 Review Shall be completed by 2018 to determine availability of fuel for compliance with global limit 0.50 % 2020, taking into account market supply and demand, trends in fuel oil market etc. Based on information from group of experts, Parties may decide to postpone date of becoming effective to 1.1.2025. Fuel type Not regulated = both HFO and distillate are permitted. Exhaust gas cleaning Permitted alternative under Regulation 4 to achieve any regulated limit. Particulate Matter (PM) No limit values. 8
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Rhine river regulations
Tier I (present)
Specific NOx emissions (g/kWh)
Ships built 2000 onwards Engines > 130 kW
18 16 14
Dry/Wet Methods
12 10
Tier II (global 2011) Ships built 2011 onwards Engines > 130 kW
8 6
Selective Catalytic Reduction
4
Tier III river (ECAs 2016) Rhine regulations Ships insince designated In force 1.7.2007 areas, 2016 onwards Engines ≥ 560 kW Engines > 600 kW
2 0 0
200
400
600
800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rated engine speed (rpm)
9
Retrofit: Ships built 1990 – 2000 Engines > 90 litres/cylinder and > 5000 kW
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
…and EU regulations on inland waterways (HC+NOx) Specific NOx emissions (g/kWh) 18
Stage III A (2009)
16
D = Cylinder displacement, dm³
14
Dry/Wet Methods
12
EU 20 < D ≤ 25 EU 15 < D ≤ 20, P > 3300 kW
10
EU 15 < D ≤ 20, P ≤ 3300 kW
8
EU 5 < D ≤ 15
6
Selective Catalytic Reduction
4 2 0 0
200
400
600
800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Rated engine speed (rpm)
10
EU 25 < D ≤ 30
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Plus other, national requirements
Such as • Port and fairway dues in Sweden • NOx tax (and NOx fund) in Norway • CARB (California Air Resources Board) rules for Californian ports
11
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
12
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wetpac technology alternatives There is a considerable pressure from the markets to decrease NOx emissions for which we have the following alternatives: - Engine internal, so-called “dry” means - Wetpac technologies, so-called “wet” means - SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction All methods have their pros and cons of which the Wetpac technologies will be considered in this presentation Three Wetpac technologies have been considered:
13
Direct Water Injection
Humidification
Wetpac DWI
Wetpac H
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Water-in fuel-Emulsions
Wetpac E
Wetpac DWI (Direct Water Injection) Strengths Wetpac DWI installation – W46
Water tank
Fuel injector Common rail or Conventional
Water
Fuel
High pressure Water Pump Flow fuse
Water
Fuel
Control unit Water Pressure 200 - 400 bar Fuel Pressure 1200 - 1800 bar
1
© Wärtsilä 23 June, 2008 Meriliikenne ja ympäristöseminaari, Helsinki Kalastajatorppa 27-28.11.2007
Water Needle and Fuel Needle in the Same Injector
• • • •
High NOx reduction level achievable: 50% Low water consumption compared to Humidification Water quality is less crucial compared to Humidification Air duct system can be left unaffected – no risk for corrosion/ fouling of CAC, etc • Flexible system – control of water flow rate, timing, duration and switch off/on • Less increase of turbocharger speed and less drift towards compressor surge line compared to the Humidification method due to no increase of rec. temp. and less water flow – high engine load can be achieved and high (50%) NOx reduction also at full engine load • No major change in heat recovery possibilities • Good long term experiences with low sulphur fuels (1.5%) • The situation in this respect is improving
14
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wetpac H (Humidification) Compressor Evaporised water is partly re-condensing in the charge air cooler
• • • •
Water injection 130-135 bar
Saturated air 40…70°C
Injected water mist is evaporated and hot air after compressor is cooled to saturation point
Heat from cooling water is reducing re-condensing
Unevaporised water captured in WMC and re-circulated
Standard Wetpac H unit
15
Strengths Only marginal increase of SFOC Less complicated/expensive system compared to DWI Flexible system – control of water flow rate and switch off/on Could be developed for increasing the knock-margin in gas engines
Weaknesses • Lower NOx reduction (10-40%) compared to DWI (50%)
• High water consumption compared to DWI • Very clean water is required in order to avoid fouling/corrosion of CAC and air duct system • Major change in heat recovery possibilities - less cooling water heat available for production of clean water • Turbocharger speed increase and drift towards compressor surge line due to increased rec. temp. and high water flow • By-pass is required (anti-surge device) • Not possible together with pulse charging systems • Full NOx reduction (40%) can not normally be achieved at full engine load and low loads • Increased smoke formation especially at low loads • Remedy: switch off or less water at low loads • Limited long term experience • Unacceptable corrosion observed in the air duct system including CAC on 500h endurance test with high sulphur fuel (3%)
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wetpac E (Water-in fuel Emulsions) Strengths Water droplets inside fuel droplet Fuel Oil droplet
• Only marginal increase of SFOC • Reduced smoke formation especially at low load • Low water consumption compared to Humidification • Almost similar to that of DWI, but due to low NOx reduction the water consumption is low • Water quality is less crucial compared to Humidification • Less increase of turbocharger speed and less drift towards compressor surge line compared to the Humidification method, due to no increase of rec. temp. and less water flow – high engine load can be achieved • No major change in heat recovery possibilities • Equipment can be used also for lowering viscosity of high viscosity (residual) fuels (Fuel-in-Water emulsions)
Weaknesses • Low NOx reduction potential (15-25%)
• Limited flexibility • Increased smoke formation and poor engine performance due to too large nozzles in case of switching off the system • Increased mechanical stress on the fuel injection system in case ”standard” nozzles are used • Limited long term experience
16
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
17
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
E m ngin ax e ef tu fic ne ie d nc fo y r
IMO Compelling Strategies
Tier I NOx Efficiency
En g
Tier II ine
Tu nin
g Ad me vanc tho ed ds prim
SCR to abate the NOx Emission ary
Tier III
2005 18
2011
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
2016
Principle of Selective Catalytic Reduction, SCR N2 and H2O
SCR reactions: 4 NO + 4 NH3 + O2 → 4 N2 + 6 H2O 6 NO + 4 NH3 → 5 N2 + 6 H2O
V2O5 + WO3 + TiO2
NOx Exhaust gases
19
(NH2)2CO + H2O Urea injection
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
2 NH3+ CO2 Ammonia + Carbon dioxide
Wärtsilä SCR layout Soot blowing
Pressurized air vessel Dosing unit
SCR reactor Mixing duct Urea injection
20
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Control unit
Urea tank
Pumping unit
SCR test rig
21
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Effect of sulphur content in the fuel Sulphur content of the fuel has a drastic effect on the minimum temperature required for the SCR:
The lower the sulphur content, the lower the temperature needed
22
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wärtsilä SCR performance • High NOx conversion over a wide temperature range • High selectivity for the SCR process • Extremely low SO2 → SO3 conversion rate • High mechanical stability and chemical resistance • Low back pressure and low risk of clogging • One size honeycomb for all modules Performance
NOx reduction
80 - 95%
HC reduction
20 - 40%
Soot reduction Operation
20%
Sound Attenuation
20 dB (A)
Temperature Span
300 - 500 °C
Fuel
23
w o l F
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
MGO/MDO/HFO/GAS
Wärtsilä SCR – Rules of thumb
• Urea consumption about 20 L/MWh (depending on the raw emissions) • Operational cost ca. 6 €/MWh (including replacement of catalytic elements) • Investment cost roughly 25-50 €/kW (equipment)
24
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Abatement Costs Engine Tier II + DWI + SCR
485.0
Engine Tier II + SCR Engine tier II + Emulsion + SCR 480.0
Engine Tier I + SCR Engine sfc optim + SCR
Yearly Cost (€/kW)
475.0
470.0
465.0
460.0
Tier III
Tier II
Tier I
455.0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Desired NOx emission (g/kWh)
Calculation hypothesis:
25
- IFO 180 price 375 €/ton
- Distilled Water price 5 €/ton
- Urea price 0.15 €/l
-Cost for catalyst replacement is included
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
11
12
13
ROI for SCR 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0
ROI (years)
IMO Tier II 6.0
IMO Tier III
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
Norwegian NOx tax scheme
1.0 0.0 300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Fuel Price (€/ton)
26
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
440
460
480
500
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
27
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
30 .07 . 20 07 14 .08 . 20 07 29 .08 . 20 07 13 .09 . 20 07 28 .09 . 20 07 13 .10 . 20 07 28 .10 . 20 07 12 .11 . 20 07 27 .11 . 20 07 12 .12 . 20 07 27 .12 . 20 07 11 .01 . 20 08 26 .01 . 20 08 10 .02 . 20 08 25 .02 . 20 08 11 .03 . 20 08 26 .03 . 20 08 10 .04 . 20 08 25 .04 . 20 08 10 .05 . 20 08 25 .05 . 20 08 09 .06 . 20 08 24 .06 . 20 08 09 .07 . 20 08 24 .07 . 20 08 08 .08 . 20 08 23 .08 . 20 08 07 .09 . 20 08 22 .09 . 20 08 07 .10 . 20 08
Price (USD/t)
Fuel Prices, Rotterdam
IFO380 (USD/t)
28
LS380 (USD/t)
Δ = 400…500 $/ton
Fuel prices (Rotterdam)
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Date
MGO (USD/t)
Source: bunkerworld.com
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
MDO (USD/t) SECA 2 by EU SECA 2 by IMO
IMO Scrubber Guideline
IMO Resolution MEPC.170(57)
SCRUBBER GUIDELINE •
Performance, certification, verification, documentation.
SCRUBBER WASH WATER Application: ” Ports, harbours and estuaries”. Content: • Criteria include pH, PAH, turbidity, nitrates, additives. • Different pH criteria for moving and stationary ships. • Monitoring requirements.
SCRUBBER RESIDUE Reception facilities: • Parties undertake to ensure availability of appropriate reception facilities. • Not to be incinerated.
SCHEDULE: •
Adopted in MEPC 57 April 2008.
Legend: MEPC = IMO Marine Environmental Protection Committee BLG = IMO Bulk, Liquid, Gas Subcommittee 29
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
General outlook of Marine Fresh Water Scrubber System Exhaust Gas
Closed loop works with freshwater, to which NaOH is added for the neutralization of SOx.
CLOSED LOOP = Zero discharge in enclosed area
NaOH unit pH
pH
Scrubber
Fresh water Water Treatment
Cooling Holding tank Process tank
Seawater
30
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Sludge tank
MT “Suula”
Wärtsilä scrubber on Neste Oil MT “Suula”
Tests in 2008-2009. SCP, ETM, OMM approved. Certification by end of 2008.
31
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wärtsilä Integrated Scrubber BENEFITS Avoid increased exhaust gas back pressure. Minimize amount of equipment.
32
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Wärtsilä Integrated Scrubber - Retrofit
33
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
NaOH consumption & storage Capacity NaOH consumption depends on: – Fuel sulfur content – SOx reduction NaOH storage capacity depends on: – Power profile – Desired autonomy (bunkering interval) 10 MW plant, 85% MCR load Caustic soda in 50% solution %S in fuel IMO limit NaOH cons.
34
2,7% 1,5% 1,5
2,7% 0,5% 2,7
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
2,7% 0,1% 3,2
3,5% 0,1% 4,2
[m3/day]
Wash water flow Wash water flow comparison
50 45 40 35 30 m3/MWh 25 20 15 10 5 0 Sea water scrubber 35
Fresh water scrubber scrubbing water flow
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Fresh water scrubber effluent flow
Scrubber economy
36
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Scrubber economy
37
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Summary
1. With more stringent IMO and EU regulations, SOx-scrubbing is an increasingly attractive way of minimising operational costs by using HFO in an environmentally friendly way. 2. In SOx Emission Control Areas the cost saving is immediate, increasing in March 2010 when the price premium for low-sulphur fuel is expected to increase. In 2015 the cost savings will be dramatic, with ROI often below one year. 3. In global operation outside SECAs drastic savings in 2020 are evident. Already from 2012 savings are possible when using cheaper HFO with higher sulphur content than the global limit 3.5 %, where available. 4. In EU ports from 1.1.2010 significant savings can be achieved with scrubbers for diesel-generators and oil-fired boilers. 5. All these savings apply to all ships regardless of age.
38
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
39
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Waste Heat Recovery
Why waste heat recovery?
About 50% of the fuel input energy is not being put to productive use. Recovering part of the wasted energy provides the vessel with:
lower fuel consumption less emissions
40
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Waste Heat Recovery
How to recover wasted energy?
Using exhaust gas energy to generate steam to operate a steam turbine. The special engine tuning in combination with direct ambient scavenge air suction allows to achieve an elevated exhaust gas temperature.
Using jacket cooling energy and scavenge air cooling energy to heat up feed water.
Using exhaust gas energy after cylinders to operate a gas turbine. Today’s modern high efficiency turbochargers have a surplus in efficiency in the upper load range. This allows to branch-off exhaust gas before turbocharger to operate gas turbine.
41
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Waste Heat Recovery Ship service steam
Exhaust gas economiser
Ship service power
Turbochargers
Main Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
42
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Aux. Engine
Waste Heat Recovery Ship service steam
Exhaust gas economiser
Steam turbine Ship service power
G
Turbochargers
Main Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
43
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Aux. Engine
Waste Heat Recovery Ship service steam
Exhaust gas economiser
Steam turbine Ship service power Power turbine
Turbochargers
Main Engine
G G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
44
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Aux. Engine
Waste Heat Recovery Ship service steam
Exhaust gas economiser
Steam turbine Ship service power
G
Turbochargers
Main Engine
45
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
Waste Heat Recovery Ship service steam
Exhaust gas economiser
Steam turbine Ship service power
G
Turbochargers
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
G
Aux. Engine
Shaft motor / generator
M/G
Main Engine
Frequency control system 46
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Waste Heat Recovery Heat Balance RTA96C Engine ISO conditions, shop trial conditions, 100% load
Heat Balance Standard Engine
Heat Balance with Heat Recovery Total 54.3%
Engine efficiency improvement with heat recovery = 54.3 / 49.3 = 10.1%
Recovered power = 10.8% 47
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Waste Heat Recovery
LP Boiler HP Boiler
LP Boiler Drum HP Boiler Drum Turbine Unit
Steam Condenser
48
© Wärtsilä March 06 November 2008 Ship 2008Power Wärtsilä Merchant EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Savings with Heat Recovery
Main Power (W6L64 + 2*W4L20) annual Operating hours Fuel Daily F.C. HFO Fuel price Total annual F.C. Lube Oil Annual consumption Total annual cost Maintanance costs Specific cost Annual cost Total Annual Operating Cost Saving
49
kW h
Aux
Main
Aux
Heat recovery 0 1025.1 6500 6500
10251 6500
1000 6500
10251 6500
42.9 536 6,225,035
4.8 536 696,800
42.9 536 6,225,035
0.0 536 -
0.0 536 -
ton $
33.3 66,632
9.8 19,500
33.3 66,632
0.0 -
0.0 -
$/MWh $
5 333,158
6 39,000
5 333,158
6 -
1 6,663
ton/day $/ton $
$ $
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
7,380,124
6,631,487 -748,637
Emission Reduction Benefit from Heat Recovery
Additional Power 10% from the same burned fuel
50
CO2 -10%
43600 ton/year
39260 ton/year
-4340 ton/year
NOX -10%
1112 ton/year
844 ton/year
-268 ton/year
SOX -10%
383 ton/year
309 ton/year
-74 ton/year
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Agenda
• The Pollutants • The Legislation • The Abatement Methods – Wet Methods – The Selective Catalytic Reactor – The Scrubber – The Waste Heat Recovery • A Dredging Application
51
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Ship Case Trailing suction hopper dredgers Standard
Installed power: • Main Engines – 2 x W9L50DF
8550 kW
• Auxiliary power – 1 x W6L26A 1860 kW – 1 x High speed engine 1200 kW
• Auxiliary power – 1 x W6L50DF – 2 x Fuel Cell – 4 x WHR units – Batteries
7600 kW 500 kW 1500 kW 3200 kW
• Total Installed power 28240 kW
• Total Installed power 28900 kW
Installed power: • Main Engines – 2 x W12V46C
52
Hybrid
12600 kW
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Calculation Assumption 100 90 80
Load (%)
70 60
HFO Price
345 US$/ton
LFO Price
690 US$/ton
Gas Price
455 US$/kg
Sulphur cap
2.7 %
SECA limit
0.5 %
50 40 30 20 10 0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time (%)
NOx abatement at IMO tier III Taxation or fairway dues not taken into account
53
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
TYPICAL AUXILIARY POWER LOAD PROFILE Power source
Energy supplied .
.
.
54
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
GENERATED EMISSIONS Traditional
Hybrid + -
ton/a
NOx emissions
100
5000
80
4000
60
3000
2000
40
2000
1500
3500 3000 2500
1000
20
1000
0 Traditional
Hybrid
500 0
0 Traditional
55
Particles
CO2 Emissions
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Hybrid
Traditional
Hybrid
MAJOR COMPONENTS Machinery controls
Fuel Gas or MDF
56
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
Ship network AC/DC
Application example
Load response requirement
Engine comparition
120%
100%
Load %
80%
Battery energy MDO
60%
Gas
40%
Present engine dynamics
20%
0%
10
5 2
103 154 20 40 45 5 25 6 30 7 35 8 9 10
50 1255 13 60 1465 15 70 16 75 80 11 17 Time (sec)
57
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
85 18 90 19 9520100 21 105 22 110 23
Load Sharing 25000
Load 20%
Load 40%
Load 80% W6L26A
Power (kW)
20000
WHR
W12V46C
15000
W9L50DF
W6L26A
10000
W6L50DF
WHR
W6L50DF
High speed engine
5000
WHR
W12V46C
W12V46C
W6L26A
W9L50DF W9L50DF
W6L50DF W12V46C
std
58
Fuel cell SFOC
Fuel cell SFOC
0
innov
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
std
innov
Fuel cell SFOC
std
innov
Efficiency Comparison 1
0.8
Load 40%
0.76 0.66
0.45
0.2
+ 14% 0.48
0.47 Hybrid
Standard
0.4
0.1 0 1
59
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
0.62
Hybrid
0.5
+ 19%
Hybrid
0.6
+ 31%
Standard
Plant efficiency
0.7
0.3
Load 80%
Standard
0.9
Load 20%
Emission Reduction 120
Emission Reduction (%)
100
CO2 NOx SOx
80
60
Standard 40
Standard with LFO + SCR
Standard with Scrubber + SCR
Hybrid
20
0 std
60
LFO+SCR
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
HFO+scrb+SCR
innov
CAPEX 1.6 Batteries
1.4
Fuel cell SFOC
1.2
CAPEX (M€)
1 0.8 0.6
SCR
WHR
Scrubber High speed engine W6L26A
W12V46C
W6L50DF
0.4 W9L50DF
0.2
W12V46C W9L50DF
0 std
61
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
innov
OPEX
200 180 160
+80%
OPEX (%)
140 120
+20%
100
-20%
80 60 40 20 0 std
62
LFO+SCR
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
HFO+scrb+SCR
innov
Conclusions • Higher efficiency + 14 – 31 % • Lower OPEX
- 20 %
• Lower emissions – NOx - 92 % – SOx - 99% – CO2 - 30%
63
• Higher CAPEX
+ 51 %
• ROI
5.8 years
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
DREADGING INTO A CLEANER FUTURE Thank you for your attention
64
© Wärtsilä 06 November 2008 Wärtsilä EuDA Presentation Brussel / P. Tremuli
