Development of the thyroid gland in the chick embryo

University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers Graduate School 1933 Development of the thy...
Author: Clement Jacobs
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University of Montana

ScholarWorks at University of Montana Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers

Graduate School

1933

Development of the thyroid gland in the chick embryo Marie Lockett Hopkins The University of Montana

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Recommended Citation Hopkins, Marie Lockett, "Development of the thyroid gland in the chick embryo" (1933). Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers. Paper 6797.

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected].

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UMI Number: EP37598

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Xmtrooa the atood*

%e a whole I® aralkî^oxr w e ll under»

la th is 1>ra.noh o f ondaorlnolOQr^ hosrovor, pure ooloncs

has not k e p t pûoo w ith a p p lie d aolenoo#

For exasgile# elm

though tJio a o tlv o p’^îÿ-eioloclo^tl p rin c ip le # Is o la te d by K en d all In 1210, the mx&^t re lf^ tlo ï^ o ltîito r o h i^ o a lly o r fu ù tlo n o lly o f th is @ %[email protected] to th e o o llo ld #hloh f i l l s pr*blom#

the th y ro id fo lllo lo » ^ 1» s t i l l an u -io s ttlo d

lio rs o ro r, rm%%y faot® ro # 'ird l% the h is ta lo ,^ io a l

dovelopr^ant o f the ^jland, ea w e ll as tb.® d e ta ils o f o o llo ld e la b o ra tio n end re le a s e , rw t*ln oontrororoitüL o r obsm ro* T h is ur.sot"l©d s ta to o f in fo rm a tio n rogardlnG th e r#-» l/it lo n o f h is to lo g y to ph yololo af in %]'&# thys-O-ld, has not ho an duo to laOk o f rosoareh#

In fa o t slnoe about l©î;*0 the

« o le n t lf io lit e r a t u r e omtf&ins records o f oou'^tloso oxten.'^ s ir e In ro s tlG a tio n o ir i th is fie ld #

Them s tM lio a , doallnG

w ith V'^rloua acpoota o f the m n d itlo n o f the th y ro id in Ifia vortobpoto o la a m o , a re not ta eooord w ith r e a ^ w t to ti^e fo llcarin G î^ ln t s î

C l) namWr and d@rolop»'i«»nt o f

o r h ry o lo ^ o n l «tnlac^,sj (JS) r o le tto a o f ocslloid ooeunula^ t lo a to Gross mrx^holoGJl (3 ) exnet m th o d o f e la b o ra tio n 0 5 i stop&G0 *>r fioo'®tos7 product»! (d ) m rn s-l r^ethod o f

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^© ndarlas tW m o r ^ t o r /

a v n llc îs l# to tîm oreanla^#

T w ra la % 4^nor:&l mtmonsm o f otslalori üoca-g Im im a tl* 0 3 to rs tM % oaoag t w bl& hqr vartobx^ito, tiio atïMOturfjLl p lan ü f tîio gl^mâ la fit^idsTfâatalXy e jjfâ lla f* 8îXKikla#f*

itiylo g ^ o n etlaally

lÿU m l le a^ld b j V ln e m t ClSiSSÎ to W hoi-iolo-

gou@ to tho ©îidoatylo orgoae o f tho p rir-iitlv » ùf.orâtitm m II

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Tho pma#%t a ln a tn v ie # :

TTti r 'i: c : : T c z ;rif #31# o M o rto W n w ith t M

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lîsvaatl^atoars o f th# tb jr o lû cîlanû la #blok#n#% C£| to m lïo eu:?’slenontory e o n trib u t î©?i# to the nwpbogon#&l # o f tî.-a» l5lo:'‘û# o ep eo lcillf' from tu # e ta a ^ w ln t o f tUo o o ll type# and eoXl In ô lu s lo a ô ohieb o r# p re afu itj (S ) to t# # t ''.ln o t*o Imw o f o e il d iffé r e n t .lut lo îi by In vo o tlg atl::!^ # # C/t$ ratîo o '^ o f ô irro ral dOV#lo%æ%n t o i otog^.# In tb o th fïro iû é III

50:?'..RT f'T rrcnriw:-; irrw ^T io .T ieziü CF r : ,

Âooordlas t© tie r lm

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m

( 1533) # “Thorn.# Sbartosi (1553)

f l r o t aeo u ru tô ly doeoribod tho th^voià îin& c^evo I t It o proooat neîîto**# borîÊ on t f m espocto o f It o erû*ryolo#10!.,.l dovolopmout lu ohlokouo d id m t b # # la u n t il Romek (1055) d o jo rlb e d It o

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âev e lo ïK im t Aron on

Meêlgm, v m t y .l Invm^^lnfttlosa

of t!io p%KiT3r%#)ml «-pithollua no 5 .4 S w $; #3^ * b a ll^ w erc cu t a t XQ a#

The t o t a l nusabor o f fiiU s h e d s lid e #

used la t h is Im rc s ti.^ itlc m was iiSÔ* and roiTesczitcd s e r ia l s e c tio n # from C4 c M o k erJt>ryos# la m h la d th e ooz3:);)rutive

r a t io study o f th re e d l f *

fe ro n t d e ve lo p /io a ta l stag©#* 1 ,0 0 0 c e ll# froî:® eech stage* S , 13* and 19 day# rc a p e o tlv e ly , were drawn to s c a le and rscnsurcd#

Th# drawing# were made w ith tW a id o f a canera

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• la -* oontsôat»

o lro iila to s y r-odî.m haa beon,

ô«Kst3pov8rolal*

s t i l l la

Xn emtapaat to ^ m h vlsw a aa th o w o t .Banale^

(1 0 1 0 ), Bewwi ( 1 9 ^ ) ûftd Uhleiihmth (1 9 ^ 0 ), alrsiiO y dsso IbsO la oonnsotiozi w ith tho h is to ry o f th o tlzy ro ld Ir w o e t l^ t lo m , tb o ro cypo nm oroîis odvom too o f tho trlow th a t tîna o o llo id oa^# earoo In to t ’ e lyisph o'^eooo botween t t o f o i l 1oie»#

r^ o îie l

(Fob# la O l) o la ln a th a t f o l l î < ^ & r dislfitO|'3*s3tlon 're m it® V'i0 «seapo o f eolXoid#

%®r® nr® fren tm n t rei^apt® o f e e llo id

boingî p fcean t In tho lynph epooao»

ïT llo m (1Û&?) oboorvod

@ % trafo lllo tfL ar e c llo ld In fo u r peroont o f 400 hw^&m th y ro id gland® otiidlod#

Ko ro fo ro to eacperlœnt® oorforn#d by

Cannon o M t o lt h (1 0 2 0 ) l a whloh they found I t pooolblo to ©ngorgo th® ly n n h a tlo s o f oats by o ln p ly nsoaaging %h&%r th y ro id sli^fido fo r a fO'^v nln^tos#

T hat t o lynphatlo® rn tïm r

thorn the blood «troa- ; t w o In vo lved on® 1 :4 1oatod by th& le n g th o f t l o (SO^OC Kilmit©®) I t l# o r t o f tho

took fo r tlm donorv^tod

to cho® ttc a o lo ru tlo n , and

fo rü ln g elovnoca e 1th which the © ffa o t

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Yoflhikaw® (1931) r^ n tlo n o t î r i t on w rio oeoûcîom th e ehronophll® c o llo id 1® found to b# dlaohorgod in to tho blood alnuo a tta c h e d to tho f o i l id ® t r a il* D e fin ite , Bing’ ®, th b o # llk o oponinco bnvo, daring tZto proBont in v e s ti :n t Io n , W on r - p m to d ly o W o rre d , lo id ln g tro n tM

lu îîln a o f fo lllc X ® ® to th@ eurron. d in g c irc u la to ry

B>oo®»*

Tîa»y «how ®T©h more ooneplouously In ffo c h gland

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tiümixrn 1» Aer ©11

thaa ttiey do I î i tW

©%1A@ M a te rln l#

Ilo-^ t lk > llo y (1925) etudiod dlffors^Tït s ta te c o f © c t i v l ^ in the td u lt gland Whoreae th e pro cent ia v e c tl-* g t ie n dCüla o n ly w ith devclopiaontal © taf^a*

r ith

th e reeuX ta o f riin^c (1:)22) in v o c tlg a tio u o f io d in e o o rto n t in th e enbryonie ©hiek tb y ro ld p a r a lle lin g th e n o rp b o lo "le a l

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

O’viduao» © f a o t i ^ i t j

©lo«oXy ad th e 7 & » th e re eaens no

doubt b ut th a t the cl.aad

i n thoeo a n lm l® beoono# iïier©eôln.r;^

l y a o tly o t r o n an

tou day a to

of

hatohlïtc#

T I# r é s u lta c-t the C /IÎ r u t lo study lu tW th y ro id fjla a d o f o3;ielv®as f a l l s to s u b e ta n tla te î:ijs o t*a X m o f © a ll d llV fe re u tla tlo a g wMeh et& te# th a t th e T o ln ti-v o anourtt o f o y to * p le sa to n’jo leu o Inoroaooo as c a lls d lffc m a tle t® # T )# m ltochoadrlm In

the th y ro id

srulnaa plcc by TTloholson

(1 ^ 2 4 ), end

Tlio for:3cr stud^' deal t i l t h

have

stu d ied In

in a lb in o

r a ts by; a

cîifircos fro :: t:o nonm l

CO dl tlo n brought about by auoh oxpo'st^ ontûX tecMl(%ue ms reduo In c the blo-od sup; l y , and fo®dine druca* c tid y l a (1935) noted n lto e h o n d rla l the fu n o tlo c ia T o f n"?T::al clA 'ds#

In th e l e t t e r

pccurrlnf^ à^nrin^ ACoordlnc to hlr: the n lto #

cl'.ondrlu o rig in a te as c y to p la e a ia cm n u lea vhleh chenc» in to rods and fllo m n ts #

c la ir.® th fit th-oy d lra o lv e In and

c o n trib u te to the c o llo id # M arine (13ÎÜ2), c u m a rlz ln c %/hnt la knmm about «Itoehon» d r la In t w

th y ro id , a;ye they occur In the fo rri © f th in f i l a *

'rents which a re ^>'ir..J,vcl to the lon^ asl® o f the o e llc , c n i a re most nursarous between the nucleus arsd t!:@ f o llic u la r la-.-ion# I do n o t fo :'l th a t th e prooont stiM y Included a ©cKsnre* heaalTC ©nov^cjh In v e s tig a tio n o f e?iorj^os in th e laltoeho m lrla to c o n trib u te any oo::oluclon as to t h e ir r e la tio n to fu r c tio n r l

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

* 2 5 *

In ©îîloî; t::y ro ld * f r llio u lîiy

!:owV©r^, In ôiid©î5 o f tho l^itô

tiku lr t>Q®îtioa %%@ found to Vury*

Tbmy

W3TQ found m a t fro iu o n tS ^ in t!m ro rln n o lo n r pc><tem ahotja la f l a t # IC I, F I 3 # 23#

In m a y f c ilio io s t:ioy war#

noro toward tW oontr-'.'l lu a lm as in Fi^# 24, o f lo t # I I I *

w t l l l 3»s. fr«K ]nantly tboy woro a o n ttered in -

û i m T l Is v ita ly through tdie oytoplam %

I 11 form th ey wr@

a tr a lc h t th in n ia rn a s ta o f T tr y in g length#

Xom wero oh*

eo rred la the c o llo id c ith e r w ith in the c o lla o r th e Iw im , o f tliC fD lllO lC S # In ooniiccticm ifsith the c tn ly o f the onrrhogoneaia o f th e g la n d , e n d o th e lia l c e ll a w ith aoncchat f i h r i i l- u r end# woro found lin in g tisc c irc u la to ry epacoc end adhering t l f ï i t * ly to th e p erip h ery o f the f o llic ic c # 14)

|/la t e II»

FIgo# 10*

Coeusiozml c p m re n tly unattached c o lic o f a e ir U la r

typo wore a lso scon#

Tlic p o s ttic u cad a p - c r.im c o f com o f

those c e lls @%goatod a r te :o o y tlo function#

That i s , they

wero lo c a te d a t e tru to g ie tingles In the alnueoa betweon f o i l 1 d e c , tind soonod a b le to ©himgo rou' dcd a tru e tu rc s w ith pocudopr4ia*ll.lso

o t

fo ra m r e

T o jcctio n o #

'ro *

txicy rc n ro se n t c e liji o f a sirxtl«-r ty n o , In ohioîrs, to those re fe rre d tn by ïv il iaioscn and 'c ix c c (1 9 % ) as e i n i a r in appearance to the hup fcr^ c e llo o f the l i t e r # l^iooe Ir r e s tig Q to ta found c^mh c e lle o ccu rrin g n r r io lly in tîio' hunan th y ro id e a l b a llc ro d tla y had s c o la l

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

i>&moy (1910) o r ltio ls e d tî-js a@cwn?tl{m th a t pîî-a^oyto-» «II» o t p ù rti0 l& a e t v i t a l d je # la a a : # e lf la r & m t l m f o r a c lX a o f th e ro tie a lo ^ o ïiâ a th o lla l

8 3 ^ Wm#

L\otïovor Im th@

la to û t e d ltlo a o f Co^d-.T** ^ S t^ o ia l C^'-tolo^^r*’ !

m nm

t io îi la moda o f t M a matr^od o f id 0 JutlfîO'*tlô-îa Wlmc; eanm fild o rad d lo c a o a tlo fo r tî:a t o/etoïa#

(ioOluoR (1®S9) l a h la

rooaî-it booüs on m K ^aoop lo:^!

t«ohaln-.so o la l ^ a h ich da^ro#

o f « ija o lflo lty f e r

dyoo#

#10

Aaoordlnc to M .. a-pltho-*

l l ; r : , o rd in a ry e n d o th o llirit «nd o th o r tla e o a a

o f the body

do n o t ta k a 'tîîOia xtpi 'Erberoa»

o f tho ro tie u lo **

« a lla

© n d o th o lla l eyatea A o * a dooldod is ffln ity f o r thorn o i l * iZoJonkla (1 919) uaad th& e -a o lflo ataln ln^; ro o o tlo n o f vltpj^l dyaa la ra b b i to ana doga aa a ba@l% fo r ow^^oludlnfç th a t the .pha^jooytto. noaoauolofir blood o o lla ^ 'rlr.ln a ta from %2ia © ndo tho ll& l © oil® o f vaaw ola* H a t® IV , Fl^o# 27-»Sl In o lu a lv o , aboo tho ty m a o f phanooytto o e lla co7it,ilaliT: dya g r& im lm and vaouola® ïîh lch moTO fo m d l a tliy ro ld s o f v i t a l l y o ta la e l ohleko*

Tvro typos

o f phag;ooytlQ o o ll® oeoa rod noot fro q ^ e n tly la th e v i t a l l y s ta in e d tiïy ro ld cl^hdo#

f i r s t typo voro nerro# e e lls s

Flsr* 2 0 , A and B | F l|> 2 3 , B, C, E, f ; % . 5 0 , C} wad fid # 2 1 , A*

Those 00131s resor.iblo »tron«^y tïm ondot^5cdl«^l m i l s

o f t?'iO proparod s lld o a , not o n ly a® to ishupe b n t a® to a rra^ i^ -n e a t o f isranulso and I w k o f «ny cons-ionous a -io le î*

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

Tbe eoeond

ue-Jtilly appeared rounded no In Fig# 83

a#

Cn r a r e oeoasioae then# liv in g ooXle were eeon t o acnm # t î ^ i r epherio^il sb%p# n r te r a change fro n nom elongated Qclle 0 t irregular c^a-e#

% i s e^mniC# of f o m m e

ohmnred

in e e lle being viewed wltui tl.ie o i l iî^ -.csraion le n o , end m e not doe to preaa'ore fr o a tmy surrounding c e lle #

C f then#

two type a o f c e lls th e rou-ded o m e were uc %nlly th e la rg e r# fro m

^tho*jigh the C e lle o r c lo n ^ ite d Type v a rie d i? olze/extrcî^o** l y 8 a l l c o lic lih o G# In Fig# 83 to c e ll» up T o rc h in g tî© e ls e o f an c r y th r cyte# wince

c e lle were observed in tensed ;,”rep ar .t im e

o f th e gland# i t wuj iap-.*ssible to «ay # a t t h e ir jaoinxiX P s it io n hJid boon w ith re s p e c t to th e f o llic le s and circule*» to ry sxÆiOes#

T l:ie d id not perm it any o tto xip t to g e t per,#»*

n e n t oroce section s o f fix e d v l ‘t ;illy etc.ino 3 glands#

I doubt

w hotlier tiic c clo rt^ tlo n TTouli te v e s i th atr© d the m oeasary tOiH1p u la tio n in v o lv e d in m h in g pcrrLinent s lid e s #

Even in

t i e fre s h m a te ria l i t «:.%« evid e n t th a t the d/oa tohmn up e c rc b ein g changed e ith e r p h y s ic a lly o r chem lorlly#

For la-«

etoaoe, if too lo a g n t i r e in te r v a l elapsed betweoi in je c tio n o f © ta in and e m -lirtntio n» the eî£j.rac t o r i o tic dys c o lo r 03uld n o t be detected#

Instead# s c n tta rc d t^hron'hoit th e glard#

c e lls # G in iln r to t^e c 'za rm e ts rls tlo ty .'c a

iwi: l l y stained#

eound be seen to be f i l l e d w ith a b n c « fl,ly If^rge nunbere o f vacuoles having the erecnlnh y e llo w c o lo r o f u lip o id a l

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

m t a r la l#

o f tM s ptmnm‘m mn X©;.,âi3

to ccfoo « It h

clc.l.'i o f Borijos» ( 1913) t M t t^hagDoytio

o lo -im ta o f tho ro tlo n lo ^ o . dotu^oliai

etoia piûk o u t prxticX oo

c f d /o and in o o rp c ra to tîiom tto tx«om ea f a t d ro p le ta # of

p‘:\rti«sXod o f otoro

I t la poar.lbio th a t tho % >\(ka8i3onoE&

to o ls dononotfntod In tho fl^ w a a o f : d a te IV lali-iht

Î 3avo a o ro ly borna l 'OidontsX Isi tîio blood ustiioh bapponod to feo lü thô glciîido a t tïio tlr îo tboy voro »% olw d*

To d o ter»

îaino « d ^ tW r th is p'^oaoîwaon wos» n o ro ly OJy.z^îïOt^-^rlstie o f t!'o blood 0 I nado «no'ira o f blood tal^oa fro n t!m honrto o f v i t a l l y a ta lim d o:;biycs«»

L';re-

cor.t l a

d if f è r e .’t o o ll» o f t2;o oiirm f a i l l o l e a t the

b a t a re oooaetoaalXv I'raaon t In the

e s ll a t th e

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tl

e* tln^o#

4#

of fe©i^b,tsri®4 ftotlvllgf la oMo:c tîiyrold ©@11»

ar00#

C, c o llo id ;

"

-o c tlo n th w ig h th y ro id g lar»d --19 d^iy « ta g # * F , er'ipty T o la S s o |. ^ l i e d f o l l i c l e s Lp e r to r y i V ,

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