Developing Countries and the Emerging World Order: Security and Institutions

University Press Scholarship Online You are looking at 1-10 of 78 items for: keywords : world order Developing Countries and the Emerging World Orde...
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University Press Scholarship Online

You are looking at 1-10 of 78 items for: keywords : world order

Developing Countries and the Emerging World Order: Security and Institutions Amitav Acharya

in The Third World Beyond the Cold War: Continuity and Change Published in print: 2000 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press November 2003 DOI: 10.1093/0198295510.003.0005 ISBN: 9780198295518 eISBN: 9780191599217 Item type: chapter

Reflects on the relevance and role of the Third World in the emerging world order; more specifically, it examines the extent to which the end of the cold war affected the insecurity and vulnerability of the Third World countries and the state of the North–South divide as it relates to the prospects for global cooperation and maintenance of order in the post‐cold war era. The discussion is in three parts. The first looks at the question of whether the end of the cold war will increase or dampen instability and conflict in the Third World. This is followed by an assessment of emerging areas of North–South tension over world order issues, especially those that are associated with the North's ill‐ defined vision of a ’New World Order’. The third part examines the changing role of Third World platforms and institutions, both global and regional, in addressing the political, security, and economic concerns of the developing countries.

New World Order Policeman: Responding to Iraqi Aggression Against Kuwait David M. Malone

in The International Struggle Over Iraq: Politics in the UN Security Council 1980-2005 Published in print: 2006 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press September 2006 DOI: 10.1093/0199278571.003.0003 ISBN: 9780199278572 eISBN: 9780191604119 Item type: chapter

This chapter discusses the second phase of UN involvement in Iraq, which seemed to herald the emergence of the Security Council as a New Page 1 of 6

World Order Policeman. The Security Council’s capacity to legitimize the use of force provided a legal basis for international action to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991. The chapter recounts the diplomatic and military success of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm — mandated to compel the withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait and conducted by a coalition of states — drawing legitimacy from Security Council decisions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Chapter VII also provided a newly assertive basis for traditional activities, such as ceasefire implementation and border-monitoring tasks, the Council gave to a new mission, UNIKOM, deployed along the border between Iraq and Kuwait. This new police role for UN peace operations was part of a larger ‘New World Order’ heralded by President George H. W. Bush, which seemed to hold the promise of an international rule of law, enforced by a united P-5 operating through the Security Council.

The Asia Pacific Region in the Post‐Cold War Era: Economic Growth, Political Change, and Regional Order Amitav Acharya and Richard Stubbs

in The Third World Beyond the Cold War: Continuity and Change Published in print: 2000 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press November 2003 DOI: 10.1093/0198295510.003.0007 ISBN: 9780198295518 eISBN: 9780191599217 Item type: chapter

The main argument of this chapter is that the position and posture of the developing countries of the Asia‐Pacific region towards the emerging world order are marked by a great deal of complexity and ambivalence. This ambivalence or state of apparent schizophrenia can be discerned from an analysis of some of the principal economic, security, and political developments in the region in recent years, especially in the wake of changes brought about by the end of the cold war. The different sections of the chapter provide a closer analysis of these developments in four key areas: economic regionalization, problems of security and stability, human rights and democratic governance, and regional institution building.

Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism Azzam S. Tamimi

Published in print: 2001 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press November 2003 DOI: 10.1093/0195140001.001.0001 ISBN: 9780195140002 eISBN: 9780199834723 Item type: book

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By way of an analytical and critical study of the life and thought of Rachid Ghannouchi, leader of the proscribed Ennahda political party in Tunisia, this book seeks to address the obstacles that hinder democratization in the Arab region. Inasmuch as democracy is seen as a set of procedures that serve collectively to empower the people to freely elect governments and make them accountable and to make sure that basic human rights and civil liberties, the rule of law and equality before the law, and the rights of minorities are protected, then democracy is fully compatible with the Islamic value of shura. Islam may have a problem with the philosophical underpinning of liberal democracy because of the notion of secularism. Despite objections to democracy from certain Islamic circles, the formidable problems facing transition to democracy in the Arab Muslim region are neither religious nor cultural. The attempt to impose secularism first by the colonial authorities of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and second by postcolonial governments led to undermining civil society and doing away with the minimum protection needed for individuals and groups to be politically involved. The modern Arab territorial state, which is the product of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the turn of the twentieth century, has by design been antidemocratic. The world order that brought about the creation of all these artificial territorial states, and that today exerts all it can to preserve the status quo has no interest in the success of democracy anywhere in the region.

The Territorial State and the New World Order Azzam S. Tamimi

in Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat Within Islamism Published in print: 2001 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press November 2003 DOI: 10.1093/0195140001.003.0006 ISBN: 9780195140002 eISBN: 9780199834723 Item type: chapter

Democratization in the Arab region has been hindered by the modern Arab territorial state and the world order, both old and new. An Islamic concept of state has always existed. In its present colonial design, the Arab territorial state, which is ruled by a postcolonial elite whose interests are linked with former colonial powers, is incapable of democratization. The world order is not only disinterested in genuine democratization but has also intervened in order to curtail such a process, as happened in Algeria. Page 3 of 6

Ghannouchi argues that two lobbies are responsible for the policy in the USA of supporting corrupt dictatorships in the Muslim world: the Zionist lobby, which is fearful for the impact of democratization on the future of Israel, and the arms lobby, weapons industrialists, and traders who are eager to maintain the sale of arms to the region.

America and the Misshaping of a New World Order Giles Gunn and Carl Gutierrez-Jones (eds)

Published in print: 2010 Published Online: May Publisher: University of California Press 2012 DOI: 10.1525/ ISBN: 9780520098701 eISBN: 9780520943797 california/9780520098701.001.0001 Item type: book

The attempt by the George W. Bush administration to reshape world order, especially but not exclusively after September 11, 2001, increasingly appears to have resulted in a catastrophic “misshaping” of geopolitics in the wake of bungled campaigns in the Middle East and their many reverberations worldwide. Journalists and scholars are now trying to understand what happened, and this book explores the role of culture and rhetoric in this process of geopolitical transformation. What difference do cultural concepts and values make to the cognitive and emotional weather of which, at various levels, international politics is both consequence and perceived corrective? The scholars in this multidisciplinary book bring the tools of cultural analysis to the profound ongoing debate about how geopolitics is mapped and what determines its governance.

Iraq and the Use of Force in International Law Marc Weller

Published in print: 2010 Published Online: May Publisher: Oxford University Press 2011 DOI: 10.1093/ ISBN: 9780199595303 eISBN: 9780191595769 acprof:oso/9780199595303.001.0001 Item type: book

The prohibition of the use of force is one of the most crucial elements of the international legal order. Our understanding of that rule was both advanced and challenged during the period commencing with the termination of the Iran–Iraq war and the invasion of Kuwait, and concluding with the invasion and occupation of Iraq. The initial phase was characterized by hopes for a functioning collective security system administered by the United Nations as part of a New World Order. The liberation of Kuwait, in particular, was seen by some as a powerful vindication of the prohibition of the use of force and of the UN Security Council. However, the operation was not really conducted in accordance with the requirements for collective security established Page 4 of 6

in the UN Charter. In a second phase, an international coalition launched a humanitarian intervention operation, first in the north of Iraq, and subsequently in the south. That episode is often seen as the fountainhead of the post-Cold War claim to a new legal justification for the use of force in circumstances of grave humanitarian emergency — a claim subsequently challenged during the armed action concerning Kosovo. There then followed repeated uses of force against Iraq in the context of the international campaign to remove its present or future weapons of mass destruction potential. Finally, the episode reached its controversial zenith with the full scale invasion of Iraq led by the US and the UK in 2003. This book analyzes these developments, and their impact on the rule prohibiting force in international relations.

The Debate on World Order Georg Sørensen

in A Liberal World Order in Crisis: Choosing between Imposition and Restraint Published in print: 2011 Published Online: Publisher: Cornell University Press August 2016 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9780801450228.003.0002 ISBN: 9780801450228 eISBN: 9780801463297 Item type: chapter

This chapter focuses on the lack of a general consensus on the major characteristics of world order. It examines the world order in the second half of the twentieth and the early twenty-first century, with particular emphasis on the period since the end of the Cold War. It also discusses three views on world order that address international terrorism, clash of civilizations, and balance of power. Finally, it explores Robert Kaplan's claim that the most important feature of the new world (dis-)order is “coming anarchy,” along with the label “tensions in liberalism” as the core challenge to world order. The chapter proposes an alternative view of world order that integrates elements from the existing theories. It argues that the governments of liberal democracies currently pursue some version of liberal order building even if these governments are not always connected with the label “liberal”.

The Ideological Response to War: Codes of Human Rights A. W. BRAIN SIMPSON

in Human Rights and the End of Empire: Britain and the Genesis of the European Convention Published in print: 2004 Published Online: Publisher: Oxford University Press January 2010 DOI: 10.1093/ ISBN: 9780199267897 eISBN: 9780191714115 acprof:oso/9780199267897.003.0004 Item type: chapter Page 5 of 6

This chapter describes how the protection of human rights came, during World War II, to feature in schemes for creating a new world order, encouraging the drafting of comprehensive codes of rights to be protected. It considers the role of the British and American governments in this development, giving accounts both of private initiatives, such as that of H. G. Wells, and official contributions, as in the Atlantic Charter and United Nations Declaration. It describes the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, and the processes which led to the establishment of the United Nations, and the idea that it should be concerned with the international protection of human rights in the post war world. It examines the resulting expansion of the boundaries of international law at the expense of protected domestic jurisdiction.

A Liberal World Order in Crisis: Choosing between Imposition and Restraint Georg Sorensen

Published in print: 2011 Published Online: Publisher: Cornell University Press August 2016 DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9780801450228.001.0001 ISBN: 9780801450228 eISBN: 9780801463297 Item type: book

The collapse of the bipolar international system near the end of the twentieth century changed political liberalism from a regional system with aspirations of universality to global ideological dominance as the basic vision of how international life should be organized. Yet in the last two decades liberal democracies have not been able to create an effective and legitimate liberal world order. This book suggests that this is connected to major tensions between two strains of liberalism: a “Liberalism of Imposition” affirms the universal validity of liberal values and is ready to use any means to secure the worldwide expansion of liberal principles. A “Liberalism of Restraint” emphasizes nonintervention, moderation, and respect for others. The book presents a discussion of how tensions in liberalism create problems for the establishment of a liberal world order. It provides an unusually skeptical liberal statement, perhaps the first to appear since the era of liberal optimism—based in anticipation of the end of history—in the 1990s. The book identifies major competing analyses of world order and explains why their focus on balance-of-power competition, civilizational conflict, international terrorism, and fragile states is insufficient.

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