Develop Project Charter The project charter is the document that formally authorizes a project. The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. A project manager is identified and assigned as early in the project as is feasible. The project manager should be assigned prior to the start of planning, and preferably while the project charter is being developed. Projects are usually chartered and authorized external to the project organization.

Outputs .1 Project Charter

Inputs .1 Contract (when applicable) .2 Project statement of work .3 Enterprise environmental factors .4 Organizational process assets

4.1 Project Management Integration To Develop Preliminary Scope Statement From Project Initiator or Sponsor Request

Tools & Techniques .1 Project selection methods .2 Project management methodology .3 Project management information system .4 Expert judgment

ITTO Slide - 1 of 44

Develop Preliminary Project Scope Statement The project scope statement is the formal definition of the project – what needs to be accomplished. This process addresses and documents the characteristics and boundaries of the project and its associated products and services, as well as the methods of acceptance and scope control. The project scope statement is developed from information provided by the initiator or sponsor.

Outputs .1 Preliminary project scope statement

Inputs .1 Project charter .2 Project statement of work .3 Enterprise environmental factors .4 Organizational process assets

4.2 Project Management Integration To Develop Project Management Plan From Develop Project Charter

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system .3 Expert judgment

ITTO Slide - 2 of 44

Develop Project Management Plan Developing a project management plan includes the actions necessary to define, integrate, and coordinate all subsidiary plans into a project management plan that is updated and revised through the integrated change control process. The project management plan defines how the project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed. The project management plan can be either summary level or detailed, and it can be composed of one or more subsidiary plans and other components.

Outputs .1 Project management plan

Inputs .1 Preliminary project scope statement .2 Project management processes .3 Enterprise environmental factors .4 Organizational process assets

4.3 Project Management Integration To Direct and Manage Project Execution From Develop Preliminary Scope Statement

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system .3 Expert judgment

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Direct and Manage Project Execution The direct and manage project execution process requires the project manager and project team to perform the actions necessary to follow the project management plan to accomplish the work defined in the project scope statement. The project manager, along with the project management team, directs the performance of the planned project activities. Work performance information about the completion status of the deliverables, and what has been accomplished, is collected and fed into the reporting process.

Outputs .1 Deliverables .2 Requested changes .3 Implemented change requests .4 Implemented corrective actions .5 Implemented preventive actions .6 Implemented defect repair .7 Work performance information

Inputs .1 Project management plan .2 Approved corrective actions .3 Approved preventive actions .4 Approved change requests .5 Approved defect repair .6 Validated defect repair .7 Administrative closure procedure

4.4 Project Management Integration To Monitor and Control Project Work From Develop Project Management Plan

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system

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Monitor and Control Project Work The monitor and control project work process is performed to monitor project processes associated with initiating, planning, executing, and closing. Corrective or preventive actions are taken to improve project performance. Monitoring is performed throughout the life of the project. It includes collecting and disseminating performance measurement information and trends to give the project management team insight into the health of the project and effect process improvements.

Outputs .1 Recommended corrective actions .2 Recommended preventive actions .3 Forecasts .4 Recommended defect repair .5 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Project management plan .2 Work performance information .3 Rejected change requests

4.5 Project Management Integration To Integrated Change Control From Direct and Manage Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system .3 Earned value technique .4 Expert judgment

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Project Integrated Change Control Integrated change control is performed from project inception through completion. Change control is necessary because projects seldom run exactly according to the project management plan. The project management plan, the project scope statement, and other deliverables must be maintained by carefully and continuously managing changes, either by rejecting change requests or by approving them so those approved changes are incorporated into a revised baseline.

Outputs Inputs .1 Project management plan .2 Requested changes .3 Work performance information .4 Recommended preventive actions .5 Recommended corrective actions .6 Recommended defect repair .7 Deliverables

4.6

.1 Approved change requests .2 Rejected change requests .3 Project management plan (updates) .4 Project scope statement (updates) .5 Approved corrective actions .6 Approved preventive actions .7 Approved defect repair .8 Validated defect repair .9 Deliverables

Project Management Integration To Project Execution, Close Project From Monitor and Control Project Work

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system .3 Expert judgment

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Close Project The project closing process includes finalizing all activities completed across all project management process groups to formally close the project or a project phase. It establishes the procedures to coordinate activities needed to verify acceptance of project deliverables by the customer or sponsor and to investigate and document the reasons for actions taken if a project is terminated before completion. The final step in project closing is transferring lessons learned to the organization’s knowledge base.

Outputs .1 Administrative closure procedure .2 Contract closure procedure .3 Final product, service, or result .4 Organizational process assets (updates)

Inputs .1 Project management plan .2 Contract documentation .3 Enterprise environmental factors .4 Organizational process assets .5 Work performance information .6 Deliverables

4.7 Project Management Integration To Stakeholder Satisfaction Reviews From Integrated Change Control, Contract Admin

Tools & Techniques .1 Project management methodology .2 Project management information system .3 Expert judgment

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Project Scope Planning Defining and managing the project scope significantly influences the project’s overall success. The development of the project scope management plan and the detailing of the project scope begin with analysis of information contained in the project charter, the preliminary project scope statement, the latest approved version of the project management plan, historical information contained in organizational process assets, and any relevant enterprise environmental factors.

Outputs .1 Project scope management plan

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project charter .4 Preliminary project scope statement .5 Project management plan

5.1 Project Scope Management To Scope Definition From Develop Project Charter, Scope Statement

Tools & Techniques .1 Expert judgment .2 Templates, forms, standards

ITTO Slide - 8 of 44

Project Scope Definition Preparation of a detailed project scope statement builds upon major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints documented during project initiation in the preliminary project scope statement. Project stakeholder needs, wants, and expectations, are analyzed and converted into requirements. Assumptions and constraints are analyzed for completeness, with new assumptions and constraints added as necessary. The project team and other stakeholders who have additional insights can prepare detailed analyses.

Outputs .1 Project scope statement .2 Requested changes .3 Project scope management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project charter .3 Preliminary project scope statement .4 Project scope management plan .5 Approved change requests

5.2 Project Scope Management To Create Work Breakdown Structure From Project Scope Planning

Tools & Techniques .1 Product analysis .2 Alternatives identification .3 Expert judgment .4 Stakeholder analysis

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Create Project WBS The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) organizes and defines the total scope of the project. It is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the deliverables. The WBS subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable pieces. The work contained in the lowest-level WBS components, which are called work packages, can be scheduled, cost estimated, monitored, and controlled.

Outputs .1 Project scope statement (updates) .2 Work breakdown structure .3 WBS dictionary .4 Scope baseline .5 Project scope management plan (updates) .6 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project scope statement .3 Project scope management plan .4 Approved change requests

5.3 Project Scope Management To Project Scope Verification From Project Scope Definition

Tools & Techniques .1 Work breakdown structure templates .2 Decomposition

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Project Scope Verification Scope verification is the process of obtaining the stakeholder’s formal acceptance of the completed project scope and associated deliverables. Verifying the project scope includes reviewing deliverables to ensure that each is completed satisfactorily. Scope verification differs from quality control in that scope verification is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables, while quality control is primarily concerned with meeting quality requirements specified for the deliverables.

Outputs .1 Accepted deliverables .2 Requested changes .3 Recommended corrective action

Inputs .1 Project scope statement .2 WBS dictionary .3 Project scope management plan .4 Deliverables

5.4 Project Scope Management To Scope Control, Integrated Change From Create Work Breakdown Structure

Tools & Techniques .1 Inspection

ITTO Slide - 11 of 44

Project Scope Control Scope control is concerned with influencing the factors that create project scope changes and controlling the impact of those changes. Scope control assures that all requested changes and recommended corrective actions are processed through project integrated change control. Change is inevitable, therefore some type of formal change control process is essential to reduce the negative impact of uncontrolled changes to scope – sometimes referred to as “scope creep”.

Outputs .1 Project scope statement (updates) .2 Work breakdown structure (updates) .3 WBS dictionary (updates) .4 Scope baseline (updates) .5 Requested changes .6 Recommended corrective action .7 Organizational process assets (updates) .8 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Project scope statement .2 Work breakdown structure .3 WBS dictionary .4 Project scope management plan .5 Performance reports .6 Approved change requests .7 Work performance information

5.5 Project Scope Management To Integrated Change Control, Closing From Scope Verification, Performance Reporting

Tools & Techniques .1 Change control system .2 Variance analysis .3 Replaning .4 Configuration management system

ITTO Slide - 12 of 44

Project Activity Definition Defining schedule activities involves identifying and documenting the work that is planned to be performed. The process identifies deliverables at the lowest level in the WBS – the work package. The work packages are decomposed into even smaller components called schedule activities to provide a basis for estimating, scheduling, executing, monitoring, and controlling the work. Implicit in this process is defining and planning the schedule activities such that the project objectives will be met.

Outputs .1 Activity list .2 Activity attributes .3 Milestone list .4 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Work breakdown structure .5 WBS dictionary .6 Project management plan

6.1 Project Time Management To Activity Sequencing, Change Control From Scope Definition, Create WBS, Develop Plan

Tools & Techniques .1 Decomposition .2 Templates .3 Rolling wave planning .4 Expert judgment .5 Planning component

ITTO Slide - 13 of 44

Project Activity Sequencing Activity sequencing involves identifying and documenting the logical relationships among schedule activities. Schedule activities can be logically sequenced with proper precedence relationships, as well as leads and lags to support later development of realistic and achievable project schedules. Precedence diagramming method (PDM) with rectangles to represent activities is used by most software. Arrow diagramming method (ADM) supports only finish-to-start dependencies and is used mostly for teaching theory.

Outputs .1 Project schedule network diagrams .2 Activity list (updates) .3 Activity attributes (updates) .4 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Project scope statement .2 Activity list .3 Activity attributes .4 Milestone list .5 Approved change requests

6.2 Project Time Management To Resource Estimating, Change Control From Activity Definition

Tools & Techniques .1 Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) .2 Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) .3 Schedule network templates .4 Dependency determination .5 Applying leads and lags

ITTO Slide - 14 of 44

Project Activity Resource Estimating Estimating resource requirements involves determining what persons, equipment, material, etc. and what quantities of each will be used to complete scheduled activities. Among the challenges is determining when each resource will be available. The resource estimating process is closely coordinated with the cost estimating process. Schedule activities may have dependencies between them that can affect the application and use of resources.

Outputs .1 Activity resource requirements .2 Activity attributes (updates) .3 Resource breakdown structure .4 Resource calendars (updates) .5 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Activity list .4 Activity attributes .5 Resource availability .6 Project management plan

6.3 Project Time Management To Duration Estimating, Change Control From Activity Sequencing

Tools & Techniques .1 Expert Judgment .2 Alternatives analysis .3 Published estimating data .4 Project management software .5 Bottom-up estimating

ITTO Slide - 15 of 44

Project Activity Duration Estimating Estimating schedule activity durations uses information on scope of work, required resource types, estimated resource quantities, and resource calendars with resource availabilities. Inputs originate from the person or group on the project team who is most familiar with the nature of the work content in the specific schedule activity. Duration estimates are progressively elaborated, and the process considers the quality and availability of input data.

Outputs .1 Activity duration estimates .2 Activity attributes (updates)

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Activity list .5 Activity attributes .6 Activity resource requirements .7 Resource calendars .8 Project management plan - Risk register - Activity cost estimates

6.4 Project Time Management To Schedule Development, Changes

From Resource Estimating, Cost Estimating

Tools & Techniques .1 Expert judgment .2 Analogous estimating .3 Parametric estimating .4 Three-point estimates .5 Reserve analysis

ITTO Slide - 16 of 44

Project Schedule Development Project schedule development, an iterative process, determines planned start and finish dates for project activities. It can require that duration estimates and resource estimates are reviewed and revised to create an approved project schedule that can serve as a baseline against which progress can be tracked. Schedule development continues throughout the project as work progresses, the project management plan changes, and anticipated risk events or conditions occur or disappear as new risks are identified.

Outputs Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project scope statement .3 Activity list .4 Activity attributes .5 Project schedule network diagram .6 Activity resource requirements .7 Resource calendars .8 Activity duration estimates .9 Project management plan - Risk register

6.5

.1 Project schedule .2 Schedule model data .3 Schedule baseline .4 Resource requirements (updates) .5 Activity attributes (updates) .6 Project calendar (updates) .7 Requested changes .8 Project management plan (updates) - Schedule management plan (updates)

Project Time Management To Schedule Control, Change Control

From Duration Estimating, Risk Management

Tools & Techniques .1 Schedule network analysis .2 Critical path method .3 Schedule compression .4 What-if scenario analysis .5 Resource leveling .6 Critical chain method .7 Project management software .8 Applying calendars .9 Adjusting leads and lags .10 Schedule model ITTO Slide - 17 of 44

Project Schedule Control Project schedule control is concerned with determining the current status of the project schedule and influencing the factors that create schedule changes. It is also concerned with determining that the project schedule has changed and managing the actual changes as they occur. Progress reporting and current schedule status includes information such as actual start and finish dates, and the remaining durations for unfinished schedule activities.

Outputs Inputs .1 Schedule management plan .2 Schedule baseline .3 Performance reports .4 Approved change requests

6.6

.1 Schedule model data (updates) .2 Schedule baseline (updates) .3 Performance measurements .4 Requested changes .5 Recommended corrective actions .6 Organizational process assets (updates) .7 Activity list (updates) .8 Activity attributes (updates) .9 Project management plan (updates)

Project Time Management To Integrated Change Control, Closing From Schedule Development, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Progress reporting .2 Schedule change control system .3 Performance measurement .4 Project management software .5 Variance analysis .6 Schedule comparison bar charts

ITTO Slide - 18 of 44

Project Cost Estimating Estimating schedule activity costs involves developing an approximation of the costs of the resources needed to complete each schedule activity. In approximating costs, the estimator considers the possible causes of variation, including risk. Cost estimates typically are expressed in units of currency (dollars, euro, yen, etc.) to facilitate comparisons within and across projects. Cost estimates can benefit from refinement during the course of the project to reflect additional detail available.

Outputs .1 Activity cost estimates .2 Activity cost estimate supporting detail .3 Requested changes .4 Cost management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Work breakdown structure .5 WBS dictionary .6 Project management plan - Schedule management plan - Staffing management plan - Risk register

7.1 Project Cost Management To Cost Budgeting, Change Control

From Scope Definition, Create WBS

Tools & Techniques .1 Analogous estimating .2 Determine resource cost rates .3 Bottom-up estimating .4 Parametric estimating .5 Project management software .6 Vendor bid analysis .7 Reserve analysis .8 Cost of quality

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Project Cost Budgeting Cost budgeting involves aggregating the estimated costs of individual schedule activities or work packages to establish a total cost baseline for measuring project performance. The project scope statement provides a summary budget. However, schedule activity or work package cost estimates are prepared prior to detailed budget requests and work authorizations. Management contingency reserves are budgets reserved for unplanned, but potentially required, changes to project scope and cost.

Outputs .1 Cost baseline .2 Project funding requirements .3 Cost management plan (updates) .4 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Project scope statement .2 Work breakdown structure .3 WBS dictionary .4 Activity cost estimates .5 Activity cost estimate supporting detail .6 Project schedule .7 Resource calendars .8 Contract .9 Cost management plan

7.2 Project Cost Management To Cost Control, Change Control

From Cost Estimating, Schedule Development

Tools & Techniques .1 Cost aggregation .2 Reserve analysis .3 Parametric estimating .4 Funding limit reconcilliation

ITTO Slide - 20 of 44

Project Cost Control Project cost control includes influencing the factors that create changes to the cost baseline, ensuring that disposition of requested changes are agreed upon, managing the actual changes when and as they occur, and assuring that potential cost overruns do not exceed the authorized funding by period and in total for the project. Project cost control also includes monitoring cost performance to detect and understand variances from the cost baseline.

Outputs .1 Cost estimate (updates) .2 Cost baseline (updates) .3 Performance measurements .4 Forecasted completion .5 Requested changes .6 Recommended corrective actions .7 Organizational process assets (updates) .8 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Cost baseline .2 Project funding requirements .3 Performance reports .4 Work performance information .5 Approved change requests .6 Project management plan

7.3 Project Cost Management To Monitor and Control, Close Project From Cost Budgeting, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Cost change control system .2 Performance measurement analysis .3 Forecasting .4 Project performance reviews .5 Project management software .6 Variance management

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Project Quality Planning Quality planning involves identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them. It is one of the key processes during development of the project management plan and should be performed in parallel with the other planning processes. One of the fundamental tenets of modern quality management is that quality is planned, designed, and built into the final product or service – not inspected into it.

Outputs .1 Quality management plan .2 Quality metrics .3 Quality checklists .4 Process improvement plan .5 Quality baseline .6 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Project management plan

8.1 Project Quality Management To Perform Quality Assurance From Develop Project Plan, Scope Definition

Tools & Techniques .1 Cost-benefit analysis .2 Benchmarking .3 Design of experiments .4 Cost of quality (COQ) .5 Additional quality planning tools

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Perform Project Quality Assurance Quality assurance (QA) is the application of planned, systematic quality activities to ensure that the project will employ processes needed to meet requirements. QA support, regardless of the unit’s title, may be provided to the project team, the management of the performing organization, the customer or sponsor, as well as other stakeholders not actively involved in the work of the project. QA also provides an umbrella for continuous process improvement.

Outputs .1 Requested changes .2 Recommended corrective actions .3 Organizational process assets (updates) .4 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Quality management plan .2 Quality metrics .3 Process improvement plan .4 Work performance information .5 Approved change requests .6 Quality control measurements .7 Implemented change requests .8 Implemented corrective actions .9 Implemented defect repair .10 Implemented preventive actions

8.2 Project Quality Management To Perform Quality Control

From Quality Planning, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Quality planning tools and techniques .2 Quality audits .3 Process analysis .4 Quality control tools and techniques

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Perform Project Quality Control Project quality control (QC) involves monitoring specific project results to determine whether they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results. Project QC should be performed throughout the project. Project quality standards include project processes and project goals. Project results include deliverables and project management results, such as cost and schedule performance.

Outputs Inputs .1 Quality management plan .2 Quality metrics .3 Quality checklists .4 Organizational process assets .5 Work performance information .6 Approved change requests .7 Deliverables

8.3

.1 Quality control measurements .2 Validated defect repair .3 Quality baseline (updates) .4 Recommended corrective actions .5 Recommended preventive actions .6 Requested changes .7 Recommended defect repair .8 Organization process assets (updates) .9 Validated deliverables .10 Project management plan (updates)

Project Quality Management To Integrated Change Control, Closing From Quality Assurance, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Cause and effect diagram .2 Control charts .3 Flowcharting .4 Histogram .5 Pareto chart .6 Run chart .7 Scatter diagram .8 Statistical sampling .9 Inspection .10 Defect repair review ITTO Slide - 24 of 44

Project Human Resource Planning Project human resource planning creates a staffing management plan and determines project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. The staffing management plan includes how and when project team members will be acquired, criteria for releasing them from the project, identification of training needs, plans for recognition and rewards, compliance considerations, safety issues, and the impact of the staffing management plan on the organization.

Outputs .1 Roles and responsibilities .2 Project organization charts .3 Staffing management plan

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project management plan - Activity resource requirements

9.1 Project Human Resource Management To Acquire Project Team From Activity Resource Estimating, Project Plan

Tools & Techniques .1 Organization charts and position descriptions .2 Networking .3 Organizational theory

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Acquire Project Team Acquiring a project team is the process of obtaining the human resources needed to complete the project. The project management team may not have control over team members selected for a project. Team members are drawn from all available sources, and one or more of the organizations involved in the project may have policies, guidelines, or procedures governing staff assignments. The staffing management plan, along with the project schedule, identifies the time periods each project team member will be needed.

Outputs .1 Project staff assignments .2 Resource availability .3 Staffing management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Roles and responsibilities .4 Project organization charts .5 Staffing management plan

9.2 Project Human Resource Management To Develop Project Team From Human Resource Planning

Tools & Techniques .1 Pre-assignment .2 Negotiation .3 Acquisition .4 Virtual teams

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Develop Project Team Developing the project team improves competencies and interaction of team members to enhance project performance. Objectives include improving the skills of team members in order to increase their ability to complete project activities and improving feelings of trust and cohesiveness among team members in order to raise productivity through greater teamwork. Team development efforts have greater benefit when conducted early, but should take place throughout the project life cycle.

Outputs .1 Team performance assessment

Inputs .1 Project staff assignments .2 Staffing management plan .3 Resource availability

9.3 Project Human Resource Management To Manage Project Team From Acquire Project Team

Tools & Techniques .1 General management skills .2 Training .3 Team-building activities .4 Ground rules .5 Co-location .6 Recognition and rewards

ITTO Slide - 27 of 44

Manage Project Team Managing the project team involves tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, and coordinating changes to enhance project performance. The project management team observes team behavior, manages conflict, resolves issues, and appraises team member performance. Management of the project team is complicated in a matrix organization. with members are accountable to both a functional manager and the project manager.

Outputs .1 Requested changes .2 Recommended corrective actions .3 Recommended preventive actions .4 Organizational process assets (updates) .5 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project staff assignments .3 Roles and Responsibilities .4 Project organization charts .5 Staffing management plan .6 Team performance assessment .7 Work performance information .8 Performance reports

9.4 Project Human Resource Management To Integrated Change Control, Closing

From Develop Project Team. Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Observation and conversation .2 Project performance appraisals .3 Conflict management .4 Issue log

ITTO Slide - 28 of 44

Project Communications Planning The communications planning process determines the information and communications needs of project stakeholders; for example, who needs what information, when they will need it, how it will be given to them, and by whom. While all projects share the need to communicate project information, informational needs and methods of distribution vary widely. The majority of communications planning is done as part of the earliest project phases and revised as needed to ensure continued applicability.

Outputs .1 Communications management plan

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Project management plan - Constraints - Assumptions

10.1 Project Communications Management To Information Distribution From Scope Definition, Develop Project Plan

Tools & Techniques .1 Communications requirements analysis .2 Communications technology

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Project Information Distribution Information distribution involves making information available to project stakeholders in a timely manner. It includes implementing the communications management plan, as well as responding to unexpected requests for information. Communications skills are part of general management skills and are used ensure that the right persons get the right information at the right time, as defined in the communications management plan. General management skills also include the art of managing expectations.

Outputs .1 Organizational process assets (updates) .2 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Communications management plan

10.2 Project Communications Management To Performance Reporting From Communications Planning

Tools & Techniques .1 Communications skills .2 Information gathering and retrieval system .3 Information distribution methods .4 Lessons learned process

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Project Performance Reporting Performance reporting involves collection of baseline data and distribution of performance information to stakeholders. It includes how resources are being used to achieve project objectives. Performance reporting generally should provide information on scope, schedule, cost, and quality. Many projects also require information on risk and procurement. Information typically is gathered and compiled from a variety of sources. Status review meetings can be used to exchange views on project issues.

Outputs .1 Performance reports .2 Forecasts .3 Requested changes .4 Recommended corrective actions .5 Organizational process assets (updates)

Inputs .1 Work performance information .2 Performance measurements .3 Forecasted completion .4 Quality control measurements .5 Project management plan - Performance measurement baseline .6 Approved change requests .7 Deliverables

10.3 Project Communications Management To Manage Stakeholders, Control

From Information Distribution, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Information presentation tools .2 Performance information gathering and compilation .3 Status review meetings .4 Time reporting systems .5 Cost reporting systems

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Manage Project Stakeholders Stakeholder management refers to managing communications to satisfy needs resolve issues with project stakeholders. Actively managing these relationships increases the likelihood that the project will not veer off track due to unresolved stakeholder issues, enhances the ability of the team members to operate synergistically, and limits disruptions during the project. Project managers usually are responsible for all stakeholder relationships, and face-to-face meetings often work best with key stakeholders.

Outputs .1 Resolved issues .2 Approved change requests .3 Approved corrective actions .4 Organizational process assets (updates) .5 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Communications management plan .2 Organizational process assets

10.4 Project Communications Management To Manage Stakeholders, Closing From Performance Reporting

Tools & Techniques .1 Communications methods .2 Issue logs

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Project Risk Management Planning Risk management planning is the process of deciding how to approach and conduct the risk management activities for a project. It is important to ensure that the level, type, and visibility of risk management are commensurate with both the risk and importance of the project to the organization, to provide sufficient resources and time for risk management activities, and to establish an agreedupon basis for evaluating risks. Risk management planning should be completed early during project planning.

Outputs .1 Risk management plan

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organization process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Project management plan

11.1 Project Risk Management To Risk Identification From Scope Definition, Develop Project Plan

Tools & Techniques .1 Planning meetings and analysis

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Project Risk Identification Risk identification determines which risks might affect the project and documents their characteristics. All persons associated with a project should be encouraged to identify risks. New risks may become known as a project progresses through its life cycle. It is important to have to have the project team involved in the identification process so that they can develop and maintain a sense of ownership of, and responsibility for, the project risks and associated risk response actions.

Outputs .1 Risk register

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Risk management plan .5 Project management plan

11. 2 Project Risk Management To Qualitative Risk Analysis From Risk Management Planning

Tools & Techniques .1 Documentation reviews .2 Information gathering techniques .3 Checklist analysis .4 Assumptions analysis .5 Diagramming techniques

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Qualitative Project Risk Analysis Qualitative risk analysis includes methods for prioritizing identified risks for further action, such as quantitative risk analysis. The organization can improve project performance by focusing on high-priority risks. Qualitative risk analysis assesses the priority of identified risks using their probability of occurring, the corresponding impact on project objectives if the risks occur, as well as other factors such as the time frame for risk response planning and the risk tolerance of stakeholders.

Outputs .1 Risk register (updates)

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project scope statement .3 Risk management plan .4 Risk register

11.3 Project Risk Management To Quantitative Risk Analysis From Risk Identification

Tools & Techniques .1 Risk probability and impact assessment .2 Probability and impact matrix .3 Risk data quality assessment .4 Risk categorization .5 Risk urgency assessment

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Quantitative Project Risk Analysis Quantitative risk analysis is performed on risks that have been prioritized by the qualitative risk analysis process as potentially and substantially impacting the project’s competing demands. Quantitative risk analysis assigns a numerical rating to risks and applies quantitative approaches to making decisions in the presence of uncertainty using such techniques as Monte Carlo simulation and decision tree analysis. Quantitative risk analysis should be repeated after response planning to update the risk profile.

Outputs .1 Risk register (updates)

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Project scope statement .3 Risk management plan .4 Risk register .5 Project management plan - Project schedule management plan - Project cost management plan

11.4 Project Risk Management To Risk Response Planning From Qualitative Risk Analysis, Project Plans

Tools & Techniques .1 Data gathering and representation techniques .2 Quantitative risk analysis and modeling techniques

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Project Risk Response Planning Risk response planning is the process of developing options and determining actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to the project’s objectives. It follows qualitative and quantitative risk analysis and includes identification and assignment of one or more persons (the “risk response owner”) to take responsibility for each agreed-to and funded risk response. Response planning addresses risks by their priority, inserting resources and activities into the budget, schedule, and plan as needed.

Outputs .1 Risk register (updates) .2 Project management plan (updates) .3 Risk-related contractual agreements

Inputs .1 Risk management plan .2 Risk register

11.5 Project Risk Management To Risk Monitoring and Control From Quantitative Risk Analysis

Tools & Techniques .1 Strategies for negative risk or threats .2 Strategies for positive risks or opportunities .3 Strategy for both threats and opportunities .4 Contingent response strategy

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Project Risk Monitoring and Control Risk monitoring and control is the process of identifying, analyzing, and planning for newly arising risks, keeping track of identified risks and those on watch lists, reanalyzing existing risks, monitoring trigger conditions for contingency plans, monitoring residual risks, and reviewing the execution of risk responses while evaluating their effectiveness. Other purposes include determining if the project assumptions are still valid, the risk profile has changed, policies are being followed, or reserves should be modified.

Outputs .1 Risk register (updates) .2 Requested changes .3 Recommended corrective actions .4 Recommended preventive actions .5 Organizational process assets (updates) .6 Project management plan (updates)

Inputs .1 Risk management plan .2 Risk register .3 Approved change requests .4 Work performance information .5 Performance reports

11.6 Project Risk Management To Integrated Change Control, Closing From Risk Response Planning, Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Risk reassessment .2 Risk audits .3 Variance and trend analysis .4 Technical performance measurement .5 Reserve analysis .6 Status meetings

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Plan Project Purchases and Acquisitions The plan purchases and acquisitions process identifies which project needs can best be met by purchasing or acquiring products, services, or results outside the project organization, and which project needs can best be accomplished by the project team during project execution. The process involves consideration of whether, how, what, how much, and when to acquire. The process also includes consideration of potential sellers (suppliers), particularly if the buyer wishes to exercise some control over contracting.

Outputs .1 Procurement management plan .2 Contract statement of work .3 Make-or-buy decisions .4 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Enterprise environmental factors .2 Organizational process assets .3 Project scope statement .4 Work breakdown structure .5 WBS dictionary .6 Project management plan - Risk register, Project schedule - Risk-related contractual agreements, Cost baseline - Resource requirements - Activity cost estimates

12.1 Project Procurement Management To Plan Contracting

From Project Scope, Schedule, Cost, Risk Plans

Tools & Techniques .1 Make-or-buy analysis .2 Expert judgment .3 Contract types

ITTO Slide - 39 of 44

Plan Project Contracting The plan contracting process prepares the documents needed to support the request seller responses process and select sellers process. Documents typically are prepared from forms that include standard contracts, standard descriptions of procurement items, non-disclosure agreements, proposal evaluation criteria checklists, or standardized versions of all parts of the needed bid documents. Buyers structure documents to facilitate accurate and complete responses from sellers and for easy evaluation.

Outputs .1 Procurement documents .2 Evaluation criteria .3 Contract statement of work (updates)

Inputs .1 Procurement management plan .2 Contract statement of work .3 Make-or-buy decisions .4 Project management plan - Risk register - Risk-related contractual agreements - Resource requirements - Project schedule - Activity cost estimate - Cost baseline

12.2 Project Procurement Management To Request Seller Responses

From Plan Purchases and Acquisitions

Tools & Techniques .1 Standard forms .2 Expert Judgment

ITTO Slide - 40 of 44

Request Project Seller (Supplier) Responses Requesting seller (supplier) responses obtains responses such as bids and proposals, from prospective sellers on how the project requirements can be met. Prospective sellers, normally at no direct cost to the project or buyer, expend most of the effort in this process. Some organizations, as part of their organizational process assets, maintain lists or files with information on prospective and previously qualified sellers, sometimes called bidders, who can be asked to bid, propose, or quote on work.

Outputs .1 Qualified sellers list .2 Procurement document package .3 Proposals

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Procurement management plan .3 Procurement documents

12.3 Project Procurement Management To Select Sellers From Plan Contracting

Tools & Techniques .1 Bidder conferences .2 Advertising .3 Develop qualified sellers list

ITTO Slide - 41 of 44

Select Project Sellers (Suppliers) The select sellers (suppliers) process receives bids or proposals and applies evaluation criteria, as applicable, to select one or more sellers who are both qualified and acceptable as a seller. Many factors can be evaluated in the selection process. Price or cost can be the primary determinant for an off-the-shelf item, the lowest proposed price may not be the lowest cost if the seller proves to be unreliable. Proposals are often separated into technical (approach) and commercial (price) categories for separate evaluation.

Outputs .1 Selected sellers .2 Contract .3 Contract management plan .4 Resource availability .5 Procurement management plan (updates) .6 Requested changes

Inputs .1 Organizational process assets .2 Procurement management plan .3 Evaluation criteria .4 Procurement document package .5 Proposals .6 Qualified sellers list .7 Project management plan - Risk register - Risk-related contractual agreements

12.4 Project Procurement Management To Contract Administration, Control

From Request Seller Responses, Risk Planning

Tools & Techniques .1 Weighting system .2 Independent estimates .3 Screening system .4 Contract negotiation .5 Seller rating systems .6 Expert judgment .7 Proposal evaluation techniques

ITTO Slide - 42 of 44

Project Contract Administration Both buyers and sellers administer the contract for similar purposes. Each party ensures that both it and the other party meet their contractual obligations and that their own legal rights are protected. On large projects with multiple products, services, and results providers, a key aspect becomes managing interfaces among the various providers. Because of the legal considerations involved, many selling organizations treat contract administration as an administrative function separate from the project organization.

Outputs .1 Contract documentation .2 Requested changes .3 Recommended corrective action .4 Organizational process assets (updates) .5 Project management plan (updates) - Procurement management plan - Contract management plan

Inputs .1 Contract .2 Contract management plan .3 Selected sellers .4 Performance reports .5 Approved change requests .6 Work performance information

12.5 Project Procurement Management To Change Control, Contract Closure From Select Sellers, Manage Project Execution

Tools & Techniques .1 Contract change control system .2 Buyer-conducted performance review .3 Inspections and audits .4 Performance reporting .5 Payment system .6 Claims administration .7 Records management system .8 Information technology

ITTO Slide - 43 of 44

Project Contract Closure The contract closure process supports the project closing process since it involves verification that all work and deliverables were acceptable to the customer. It also involves administrative activities such as updating records to reflect final results and archiving such information for future use. In a multi-phase project, the term of a contract may only be applicable to a given project phase. Early termination of a contract is a special case of contract closure that can result from mutual agreement or default.

Outputs .1 Closed contracts .2 Organization process assets (updates)

Inputs .1 Procurement management plan .2 Contract management plan .3 Contract documentation .4 Contract closure procedure

12.6 Project Procurement Management To Close Project From Contract Administration

Tools & Techniques .1 Procurement audits .2 Records management system

ITTO Slide - 44 of 44