College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Design of Triplex Plunger Pump Abdullah Al-Jubran Ali Al-Qahtani Haitam Al-Mubarak Project Advisor: Dr. Emad Tanbour A Design Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Assessment III: Graduation Project
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Statement of Purpose To design a triplex plunger pump that can be manufactured using locally available resources and manufacturing techniques To practice the application of computer-aided design program in the design of machines
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Table of Contents
Introduction Scope of Project Pumps Classification Triplex Pump Basics/Concept Calculations Crankshaft Diameter Bearings Triplex Pump Prototype
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction Triplex Plunger Pump Positive Displacement Pump Three Plungers in parallel High-Pressure Low-Capacity Application hydrostatic testing water blasting surface preparation car washing pipe and tube cleaning oil drilling
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Scope of Project Designing of Triplex Plunger Pump Discharge Pressure: 350 bar (5,076 psi) Flow Rate: 24 li/min (6.3 gpm) Crankshaft Bearings Material Selection Fasteners Making of Digital Prototype
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Design Approach Group Brainstorming Gather Literatures from the web Design Conceptualization Identification of Critical Components Sizing and Strength Calculations Prototyping by CAD Solidworks
College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Triplex Pump Design GANTT Chart
Positive Displacement Pump versus Centrifugal Pump
Classification Diagram of Displacement Pumps
Classification Diagram of Displacement Pumps
Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps
1. Piston Pump
2. Plunger Pump
3. Diaphragm Pump
Good packing life
Higher Pressure
Suitable for Chemicals
Good for slurries
Easier to maintain
Expensive
Ways to Achieve Reciprocating Motion 1. Crankshaft with crank pin
2. Crankshaft with eccentric sheave or strap
Slider Crank Mechanism
The offset between the shaft center and eccentric sheave center determines the pump stroke
Plunger Pump with Eccentric Sheave
Critical Components a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Crankshaft Eccentric Sheave Crankshaft Support Bearing Eccentric Sheave Bearing Wrist Pin Wrist Pin Bearing Fluid End Plunger
Design Calculations Criteria:
Displacement: 24 li/min Discharge Pressure: 350 bar # of Plungers: 3
Computation to determine required power kW = Q × Ptd / 36 × ME Where Q = delivered capacity, m3/h Ptd = differential pressure (discharge – suction), bar ME = mechanical efficiency, % At 24 liters/minute, 350 bar and typical efficiency of 88%, kW =
(24 liters/min)(60min/hr)(1m3/1000liters)(350bar) (36×0.88)
kW = 15.91 kilowatts, or 21.33 Hp
Computation to determine Pump Speed and Plunger Speed From Pump Handbook, 3rd edition, pages 3.4, 3.6 Q = A × m × n × s × 6× 10-8 Sp = s × n / 30,000 Where Q = Sp = A= M= n= s=
displacement, m3/h plunger speed, m/s cross-sectional area of plunger, mm2 number of plungers rpm of pump stroke of pump, mm
Preselected Plunger Bore and Stroke
Plunger Bore Size : 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 mm Plunger Stroke
: 21, 22, and 23 mm
Table 1 Pump Speed at Different Plunger Bore and Stroke Plunger Bore, mm
18
19
20
21
22
Plunger Stroke, mm
Pump Speed, rpm
Plunger Speed, m/s
21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23
1,497 1,429 1,367 1,344 1,283 1,227 1,213 1,158 1,107 1,100 1,050 1,004 1,002 957 915
1.05 1.05 1.05 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.70 0.70 0.70
The obtained plunger speeds above are in accordance with the industry standard
Computation to determine Pump Required Torque From Pump Handbook, 3rd edition, page 3.8 Where
M M n p
= p × 9.549 / n = pump torque, N·m = speed, rpm = power, W
Plunger Bore, mm
18
19
20
21
22
Plunger Stroke, mm 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23
Pump Speed, rpm 1,497 1,429 1,367 1,344 1,283 1,227 1,213 1,158 1,107 1,100 1,050 1,004 1,002 957 915
Torque, N·m 102 106 111 113 118 124 125 131 137 138 145 151 152 159 166
a. Calculation to Determine Crankshaft Diameter
a. Calculation to Determine Crankshaft Diameter From Machine Design Data Book, 2nd edition, page 14.3 For rotating shafts with dynamic load, dynamic effect taken indirectly into consideration The diameter of shaft subjected to simple torsion D =
πτyd Where
⅓
16 Kt × Mt
× 1000
D = shaft diameter, mm Kt = shock and endurance factor applied to computed twisting moment (Table 14-2 Machine Design Data Book, 2nd ed. page 14.18) Mt = twisting moment or torque, N·m τyd = design yield stress, Pa
From Machine Design Data Book, 2nd edition, page 14.18
From Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design, 8th Edition, page 212 τmax = Sy / 2n Where
τmax = maximum shear stress, Pa Sy = yield stress, Pa n = design factor
Using AISI 1020 steel which has a yield strength of about 206 MPa, and using a design factor of 1.5, τmax = 206 MPa × 10^6 Pa/MPa (2 × 1.5) τmax = 68,666,666 Pa 16 D = 3.1415 × 68,666,666
1.5 × Mt
⅓ × 1000
Table 1: Computed Shaft Diameter at Different Plunger Bore and Stroke Plunger Bore, Plunger Stroke, mm mm
18
19
20
21
22
21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23
Pump Speed, rpm
Pump Torque, Nm
1,497 1,429 1,367 1,344 1,283 1,227 1,213 1,158 1,107 1,100 1,050 1,004 1,002 957 915
102 106 111 113 118 124 125 131 137 138 145 151 152 159 166
Computed Shaft Diameter, mm 22.4 22.8 23.1 23.3 23.6 24.0 24.1 24.4 24.8 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.6 26.0 26.4
b. Calculation to Determine Eccentric Sheave Diameter
Sd 2 Where Sd s D sw
= (s/2) + (D/2) + sw = = = =
eccentric sheave diameter, mm plunger stroke, mm shaft diameter, mm minimum sheave width, mm - pre-selected to be 4.7625 mm (3/16 inch) to facilitate easy welding of the eccentric sheave to the shaft
Table 2: Eccentric Sheave Diameter at Different Shaft Size Plunger Bore, mm 18
19
20
21
22
Plunger Stroke, mm 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23
Computed Shaft Diameter, mm 22.4 22.8 23.1 23.3 23.6 24.0 24.1 24.4 24.8 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.6 26.0 26.4
Ecc. Sheave Diameter, mm 53.0 54.3 55.7 53.8 55.1 56.5 54.6 56.0 57.3 55.4 56.8 58.2 56.2 57.6 59.0
c. Calculation to Determine Strength of Eccentric Sheave Weldment
Stresses in welded joints in torsion
Where
τ"
= Mr / J
τ” M r
= shear or torsional stress, Pa = torsional moment, N·m = distance from the centroid of the weld group to the point in the weld of interest, m = second polar moment of area, m4
J
J
= 0.707hJu
For circular fillet welds Ju
= 2 × π × r3
The distance from the centroid of the weld group to the point in the weld of interest, r, can be taken as the radius of the shaft. The force exerted by the plunger Fp
= Pressure × Plunger Cross-Sectional Area
Example, 22mm plunger bore Fp
= (350 bar) × (100KPa/bar) × (1000Pa/Kpa) × (1N/m2/Pa) × π × (22mm/1000mm/m)2/4
Fp
= 13,304 N
Maximum moment = Fp × (stroke/2). For 23mm stroke, M
= 13,304 N × (23mm/1000mm/m) ÷ 2
M
= 153 N·m
By using the results above, the stress on the 3/16 inch fillet weld can be calculated. (153Nm)(27mm/1000mm/m)÷2 τ"
=
τ"
= 39,682,448 N/m2 or 39.7 MPa (5.473 ksi)
(0.707)(3/16in.)(1m/39.37in.)(2×3.1415)((27mm/1000mm/m)÷2)3
c. Calculation to Determine Crankshaft Bearing Bearing Catalog Load Rating
C10 = FD
LDnD60
1/a
LRnR60
Where C10 = catalog load rating, kN FD LD nD LR nR a
= = = = = =
desired radial load, kN desired life, hours desired speed, rev/min rating life, hours rating speed, rev/min constant; a = 3 for ball bearings, a = 10/3 for roller bearings
For most bearing manufacturers LRnR60 = 106
C10 = FD
LDnD60 106
1/a
Forces acting on the crankshaft bearing
Total maximum force acting on the bearing Fb1 =
3F 1 Fp2 + p1 4 2
Fb1 =
5 =F F bmax 4 p
Where Fp = Pressure × Plunger Cross-Sectional Area Fp = (350 bar) × (100KPa/bar) × (1000Pa/Kpa) × (1N/m2/Pa) × π × (bore in mm/1000mm/m)2/4
Table 3: Maximum Bearing Load at Different Plunger Bore Sizes Plunger Bore, mm 18
19
20
21
22
FP, k·N
8.91
9.92
11.0
12.12
13.30
Fbmax
11.13
12.40
13.74
15.15
16.63
Table 4: Shaft Bearing Load Rating
FP, (kN) Fbmax, (kN) nD, (rpm) LD, (hours) C10, (kN) (ball bearing) C10, (kN) (roller bearing) Computed Shaft Dia, (mm) Std. Shaft Dia., (mm) Available Bearing
18 8.91 11.13 1,497 5,000
Plunger Bore, mm 19 20 9.92 11.0 12.40 13.74 1,344 1,213 5,000 5,000
21 12.12 15.15 1,100 5,000
22 13.30 16.63 1,002 5,000
85.25
91.64
98.12
104.71
111.40
69.55
75.03
80.61
86.31
92.11
23.1
24.0
24.8
25.6
26.4
25
25
25
30
30
-
-
-
-
-
Table 4: Shaft Bearing Load Rating
FP, (kN) Fbmax, (kN) nD, (rpm) LD, (hours) C10, (kN) (ball bearing) C10, (kN) (roller bearing) Computed Shaft Dia, (mm) Initial Std. Shaft Dia., (mm) Adjusted Std. Shaft Dia., (mm) Available Bearing, SKF
18 8.91 11.13 1,497 5,000
Plunger Bore, mm 19 20 9.92 11.0 12.40 13.74 1,344 1,213 5,000 5,000
21 12.12 15.15 1,100 5,000
22 13.30 16.63 1,002 5,000
85.25
91.64
98.12
104.71
111.40
69.55
75.03
80.61
86.31
92.11
23.1
24.0
24.8
25.6
26.4
25
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
NU 2306 NJ 2306
NU 2306 NJ 2306
NU 2306 NJ 2306
-
-
Available SKF Bearing for the crankshaft
Table 5: Eccentric Sheave Bearing Load Rating
18 8.91 1,497 5,000
Plunger Bore, mm 19 9.92 1,344 5,000
20 11.0 1,213 5,000
68.20
73.31
78.50
C10, (kN) (roller bearing)
55.64
60.02
64.49
Eccentric Sheave Internal Dia., (mm)
30
30
30
Eccentric Sheave Outside Dia., (mm)
60
60
60
Available Bearing, SKF
NKIS 60 NA 4912 NKI 60/35
NKIS 60 NA 4912 NKI 60/35
NKIS 60
FP, (kN) nD, (rpm) LD, (hours) C10, (kN) (ball bearing)
e. Pump Driver Selection
e. Pump Driver Selection
e. Pump Driver Selection Table 6: List of Applicable Drive Motors
Hp
Speed, rpm
Efficiency, %
Cost, $
Cat. No.
25
1,200
91.7
2,312
S279
25
1,200
93.0
2,800
M7549
Baldor
25
1,200
93.0
5,090
ECP4111T
Siemens
25
1,200
91.7
2,480
1LE29313A C116AA3
25
1,200
91.7
3,438
N0256
25
1,200
93.0
4,456
EP0256
25
1,200
93.0
4,635
HH0256
Manufacturer
GE
TECO Westinghouse
e. Pump Driver Selection Table 6: List of Applicable Drive Motors
Hp
Speed, rpm
Efficiency, %
Cost, $
Cat. No.
25
1,200
91.7
2,312
S279
25
1,200
93.0
2,800
M7549
Baldor
25
1,200
93.0
5,090
ECP4111T
Siemens
25
1,200
91.7
2,480
1LE29313A C116AA3
25
1,200
91.7
3,438
N0256
25
1,200
93.0
4,456
EP0256
25
1,200
93.0
4,635
HH0256
Manufacturer
GE
TECO Westinghouse
Selected Plunger Bore and Stroke Plunger Bore,mm 18
19
20
21
22
Plunger Stroke, mm 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23 21 22 23
Speed, rpm 1,497 1,429 1,367 1,344 1,283 1,227 1,213 1,158 1,107
Remarks Disregarded. Motor speed is only 1,200 rpm. Disregarded. Motor speed is only 1,200 rpm. Disregarded. Motor speed is only 1,200 rpm
Selected Plunger Bore & Stroke Disregarded. Not optimal.
Disregarded. No crankshaft bearing available.
Disregarded. No crankshaft bearing available.
Since the standard shaft diameter chosen is 30mm, and the eccentric sheave diameter is 60mm, the minimum sheave thickness, sw, is recalculated.
From Sd 2
= (s/2) + (D/2) + sw
sw = sw =
Sd - s - D 2 60 - 22 - 30
2
= 4 mm
f. Calculation to determine wrist pin size AISI 1030 steel is chosen because of higher yield strength than AISI 1020 steel. Based on maximum shear stress theory, the maximum allowable shear stress, τmax = Sy / 2n
Where the yield strength, Sy, for 1030 steel is equal to 260 Mpa. Using a design factor of 1.5, τmax = 260 / (2×1.5) = 86.7 Mpa
f. Calculation to determine wrist pin size (cont’d) Wrist pin will fail by shearing on sections a and b. τmax = Fp / (Aa + Ab)
Where A = cross-sectional area of wrist pin. But since the cross-sectional area of the wrist pin is the same, therefore Aa=Ab, then, τmax = Fp / 2A = Fp ÷ 2(πdw2/4) ; dw = wrist pin diameter By transposing the equation above dw = (4Fp/2π τmax)1/2 dw =
4×11kN×1000N/kN 2×3.1415×86.7Mpa×106Pa/Mpa
dw = 0.00899m or 8.99mm The next preferred size is chosen which is 10 mm.
g. Computation to determine the wrist pin bearing The bearing size is selected based on the static load rating, C0, because the wrist pin a. makes a slow oscillating or alignment movements under load b. rotates under load at very low speed Basic static load rating C0 C0 = S0 P0 Where C0 = basic static load rating, k·N P0 = equivalent static bearing load, k·N S0 = static safety factor Based on SKF guideline, for non-rotating roller bearing with normal operations, S0=1. Since P0=11kN, then C0 = 1×11k·N C0 = 11k·N From SKF catalogue, a drawn cup needle roller bearing with C0=11.4k·N is available. The bearing designation is HN1010.
h. Bill of Materials Item Description 1 Crankshaft Crankshaft Suppport 2 Bearing 3 Eccentric Sheave 4 Eccentric Sheave Bearing 5 Wrist Pin 6 Wrist Pin Bearing 7 Motor
Specifications 30 mm O.D., AISI 1020 steel
Quantity 1
SKF NU 2306 or NJ 2306
2
60 mm I.D., AISI 1030 steel SKF NKIS 60 10 mm O.D., AISI 1030 SKF HN 1010 GE M7549
3 3 1 1 1
j. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype
j. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype
j. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype
j. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype
i. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype
j. Triplex Pump Solidworks Digital Prototype