KTH Energy Technology

.

Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

EGI in Numbers

Content

Master degree studies

Organization……………………………………….3

38 Master of Science Theses 33 Master degree Courses

Board………………………………………………3 Preface……………………………………………..4

Post-graduate studies 44 Ph.D. students 1 Doctoral thesis 4 Licentiate theses 5 Ph.D. courses Competence centers Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC) Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems (eff-Sys) The Center for Energy Conversion Technologies (CETET) Finances Total income 73,3 MSEK Total expenditures 71,8 MSEK

Education Master degree Programs……………………………8 Master degree courses……………………………....9 Post-graduate curriculum………………………….10 Research Units Nuclear Reactor Engineering (ERT)………………11 Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ETT).15 Nuclear Power Safety (EKS) ……………………...21 Heat and Power Technology (EKV)…………….....24 Sustainable Building Systems (EBS)……………….32 Competence centers Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems (eff-Sys)……………………………………….…..33 The Center for Energy Conversion Technologies (CETET)………………………………………….34 Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC)…….………...34 Main Experimental Equipment……………….…...35 Publications Doctoral theses…………………………..……….37 Msc theses………………………………………..37 Scientific Publications…………………………….39 Sources of funding………………………………..46 Finances…………………………………………..47 Personnel…………………………………………48 Contact information………………………………49

Department of Energy Technology

Organization Board

Executive Group

Heads of research units and administration Directors of studies

Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ETT)

Heat and Power Technology (EKV) Torsten Fransson

Head of Department

Scientific Group

Torsten Fransson

Industrial Advisory Group

The Professors

Vice Head: Björn Palm

Nuclear Reactor Engineering (ERT) Wiktor Frid

Nuclear Power Safety (EKS)

Bal Raj Sehgal

Sustainable Building Systems (EBS) Ivo Martinac

Björn Palm and Per Lundqvist

The Swedish Centre for Energy Conversion Technologies (CETET)

Torsten Fransson, Mats Westermark (Kemi)

Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems (eff-Sys)

Gas Turbine Center (GTC)

Torsten Fransson

Björn Palm, Per Lundqvist

Master degree studies Director of Studies: Hans Jonsson

Post-graduate studies Director of studies: Björn Palm

Research Handled by the scientific group

Support Head of administration: Peter Nordén Head of Economy: Catharina Lenneryd IT-manager: Jan Fredriksson Workshop manager: Rolf Bornhed

Board

2002-08-01—2002-12-31

2003-01-01—2003-07-30

Torsten Fransson, chairman Cecilia Hägg, Ph.D. stud.rep Ann Brånth, rep. Techn/adm Björn Palm, teacher rep. Per Lundqvist, teacher rep. Anders Nordstrand, teacher rep. Tomas Lefvert, external rep. Bo Janzon, external rep. Emma Runeborg, student rep. Mikaela Sahlin, student rep. Victoria Nilsson, secretary

Torsten Fransson, chairman Anders Johansson, Ph.D. stud.rep Ann Brånth, rep. Techn/adm Björn Palm, teacher rep. Per Lundqvist, teacher rep. Anders Nordstrand, teacher rep. Tomas Lefvert, external rep. Bo Janzon, external rep. Victoria Nilsson, secretary

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Department of Energy Technology

Preface The Department of Energy Technology (EGI) at KTH covers a broad range of topics within the energy field, through its five Research Units and co-located Centers. Focus areas span from fundamental sciences like thermodynamics and heat transfer to critical applied technologies for generation of power, heat, and cooling, along with various forms of efficient energy utilization as well as security of energy supply and safety. All these topics cover very basic mechanical issues but also highly sophisticated information technologies, communication, and transfer of other energy-related information. All of these aspects are a significant part of the subjects that an engineer in energy technology works with today. Both educational as well as research aspects within the department are of high international standard. The Master degree students and Ph.D. students receive a broad knowledge base but also have access to quality specialized competence. The department participates in a large number of European research projects, ranging from fundamental to applied studies. On the educational side the restructuring the department started some years ago is attracting more students than earlier. There is a significant increase in the number of applications from both the Swedish and International programs for the academic year 2004/05. EGI has become the third largest major in the MMT-school. The energy direction in the Industrial Economy department is the largest of the available options. The number of students following the Sustainable Energy Engineering program attained an all-time high for 2003/04. EGI is also approached from several foreign universities to participate in educational networks. The educational material developed by EGI is very attractive to these universities who intend to use EGI-courses in their own curriculum. PhD The Department has been honoured with the new Mechanical Engineering course at MMT. This is given in the first year and attracted 140 students. On the national and international level EGI participates in various educational collaborations, like the Swedish Net University and exchanges with Zagreb, Zheijang and Nantes.

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Several courses are now actively using computers at many stages in the education. Most courses have home-pages where the students can obtain detailed day-to-day information, and where the lecture material is distributed. The department has during 2003 been highly instrumental in CETET, the “Center for Energy Conversion Technologies” at KTH, as well as in the newly established “KTH Energy Center”. Several interdisciplinary topics are treated, and collaborative work over the traditional faculty and departmental boundaries are regularly performed inside these Centers. On the more disciplinary side, EGI has continued its participation in the centers like CETET, EFFSYS and GTC. The Department was also during 2003 invited to head one of the "KTH Home Coming Days". The title of the seminar was "Sustainable Energy". These seminars were very well attended and appreciated. The internal work related to the psycho-social and physical working environment has been accentuated, together with the safety related issues. As over the last few years, significant delegations have been given to project leaders. The relation seniors/students increased for the second consecutive year. It is with great pleasure that we acknowledge the following Tekn Lic graduates: - Mikkel Myhre: “Numerical Investigation of the Sensitivity of Forced Response Characteristics of Bladed Disks to Mistuning” - Miroslav Petrov: “Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined Cycles” Our sincere thanks are also extended to the personnel who have celebrated their 10 years (or more) jubilee at the divisions within EGI: Per Almqvist Ivo Martinac Inga Du Rietz Åke Melinder Jan Fredriksson Anders Nordstrand Per Lundqvist Björn Palm Florin Manolescu Per Persson Stellan Hedberg Tommy Andersson Christer Blomqvist Rolf Bornhed

Department of Energy Technology

Torsten Fransson Bal Raj Sehgal Ulla Wahlgren

Börje Mundt Benny Sjöberg

New personnel at the Department during the year 2003: Magnus Eriksson, graduate student at ETT Getachew Bekele, graduate student at ETT Marcin Bednarski, graduate student at ERT Armen Stepanyan, graduate student at EKS Arrie Tjahyo Setiawan, graduate student at ETT Rickard Furberg, graduate student at ETT Benny Andersson, technician at ETT Arun Kumar Nayak, researcher at EKS

technology, bring with it exciting new problem areas. EGI eagerly awaits tomorrow’s challenges and will continually strive for excellence in education and research. We hope that you will find this report useful and informative. Please do not hesitate to contact us for additional information, or stop by for a virtual visit at our home page, www.energy.kth.se.

Among other important events can be mentioned that Prof. Sehgal received the Glenn T. Seaborg Medal of the American Nuclear Society for outstanding contributions to Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Safety, Physics and Engineering and for publication of more than 300 peer reviewed papers and reports. Prof. Granryd received ‘Stora Energipriset’ for his contribution to the development of heat pump technology and cost effective heat pump systems. Per Lundqvist has been rewarded with KTH Teaching Award for extraordinary contributions to the undergraduate education at KTH.

Professor Torsten Fransson Head of the Department

The Department of Energy Technology has as goal to perform education and research of the highest international level. The requirements to reach these goals, a stable economy, competent personnel, highlevel and adaptable infrastructure, are established. The income has steadily increased over the last years, reaching 73,3 MSEK in 2003, with a surplus of slightly more than 1.4 MSEK, up from 0.8 MSEK in 2002. The department is thus looking ahead towards a bright future. There will be a significant need for engineers in the field over the next few years. The major companies will need to hire a large number of well-educated people. Information technology will more and more come into the field of energy

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Department of Energy Technology

6

5

4

Quantity 3

Licentiate theses

2

1

0 1999

2000

2001 Year

Fig. 1. Licentiate and Doctoral theses 1999-2003

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2002

2003

Department of Energy Technology

Number of students

Energy technology (MMT) Sustainable Energy Engineering

Energy systems (I)

Prognos

45 The four Msc specializations (Refrigeration technology, Heating and ventilation technology, Heat and power technology and Reactor technology) are replaced by the Msc specialization Energy Technology

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

Fig 2. Number of students year 4 Msc specialization Energy Technology HÅS, HÅP

200 180 160 140 120 100 80

HÅS

60

HÅP

40 20 0 1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

År

Fig. 3. HÅS-and HÅP-production 1997-2003

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Department of Energy Technology

Master Degree Programs KTH Energy Technology is responsible for three programs awarding the degree of Master of Science; Energy Technology, Energy Systems, and Sustainable Energy Engineering. The first two are intended for the students at the school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, and the school of Industrial Economics at KTH respectively, and the latter program is open for all students world wide holding an engineering Bachelor of Science degree or equivalent. All programs are offered free of charge.

There are many explanations to the increase in the number of students. Firstly, after the reorganisation of our courses and programs in 1999, the students now see the strength of our programs, and the large flexibility inherent. Secondly, we have established a fruitful cooperation with our industrial partners to help us with finding suitable master theses proposals, interesting summer trainee positions, and perhaps the most important providing work opportunities for our students.

Since 1999 we have reorganized most of our courses and our programs. One of the reasons was to provide the students with more flexibility in their choice of competence profile. The programs now consist of a core of six compulsory courses giving the students knowledge on basic energy technology. A large number of optional advanced courses provide each student with the possibility to form his/her own competence profile within the field of energy technology. Another reason for reorganizing our courses was the possibility to integrate our three programs. By doing so, we have created an international profile, as well as an interesting and stimulating learning environment for both students and lecturers.

The programs offer two study majors, both having a strong environmental focus: Sustainable Power Generation, and Sustainable Energy Utilization. The purpose of the programs is to provide state-of-the-art education in the field of energy technology by means of economically and environmentally sustainable systems and technologies.

Our three master degree programs have seen a large increase in the number of students during the past year. A total of 84 students were admitted in our programs, and during the coming academic year the number of students will increase to 91. The most gratifying aspect is the fact that we next year roughly have the same number of students on all the programs; Energy Technology: 30, Energy Systems: 26, and Sustainable Energy Engineering: 35. The Energy Technology program is the 3rd largest at the school of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, the Energy Systems program is largest at the school och Industrial Economics, and the Sustainable Energy Engineering program is the most popular International master degree program at KTH.

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The term sustainable energy engineering comprises a wide array of practices, policies and technologies (conventional and renewable) aimed at providing energy at the least financial, environmental and social cost. A strong emphasis is placed on dealing with energy engineering tasks with due consideration of technical, environmental and socio-economic issues. Advanced methods are applied to identify, describe, quantify and find solutions to a diverse range of energy engineering problems. Both study majors offered provide proficiency in project-design implementation, operation and maintenance, as well as in crucial phases of policy generation. Each study major has a total duration of nine months taught courses (40 credits, one credit corresponding to one week of full-time studies).

Hans Jonsson Director of Master Degree Studies

Department of Energy Technology

Master Degree Courses Credits

Registered students

Degree project in Heat and Power Technology Degree project in Nuclear Reactor Engineering Degree project in Refrigerating Engineering Degree project in Heat Transfer Degree project in Applied Thermodynamics Degree project in Nuclear Power Safety Degree project in Energy Technology

20 20 20 20 20 20 20

13 2 19 3 3 1 10

Mechanical Engineering Applied Thermodynamics Energy technology – Business – Leadership

6 6 8

145 241 8

Energy System and models Introductory Airbreathing propulsion Airbreathing propulsion, Intermediate course I Rocket Propulsion

4 4 4 4

24 31 4 3

Heat transfer Introduction to Energy Technology Energy Technology Sustainable Power Generation Sustainable Energy Utilisation Applied Energy Technology – Project course

4 2 4 6 6 6

54 43 57 73 79 49

Energy Management Renewable Energy Technology Energy and Environment Combustion Theory Thermal comfort and indoor climate Applied Refrigeration and Heat pump technology Numerical Methods in Energy Technology Electronics cooling Applied Heat and Power Technology Applied Reactor Technology and Nuclear Power Safety Reactor Engineering, Continuous course Fluid Machinery Thermal Turbo Machinery

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

114 70 50 18 21 28 18 14 27 12 6 19 4

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Department of Energy Technology

Post-graduate curriculum A large number of post-graduate courses are given at the Department of Energy Technology. Most of these are highly specialized and given by the professors or heads at each division, primarily for the students at the division. Students from other departments at KTH or universities are of course welcome to participate if they have prerequisite knowledge in the area. A few of the courses held at the department are aimed at providing deeper knowledge in basic and broad topics such as thermodynamics, heat transfer and numerical methods. New post-graduate students are urged to follow a course in measurement technology given at the department. All post-graduate students are required to take an introductory course in the theory of science and/or Epistemology. The forms of study vary depending on the subject and the number of students. Some courses include lectures and laboratory sessions similar to Master degree courses. Other courses are given as seminars where the students are active by participating in the presentation of the material. Finally, highly specialized courses may be given as self-study. In 2003 the department introduced a researchpreparatory program running in the fall semester. The plans are to make this program a yearly occurring event. Within the program, students are given the possibility to take courses which may be part of a ph.d. degree, while simultaneously being a part of the group of ph.d. students. However, the program is no guarantee for a PhD position.

Björn Palm Director of Post graduate studies

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Department of Energy Technology

Division of Nuclear Reactor Engineering (ERT) Chair: Visiting Prof. Wiktor Frid By now, this Chair has existed for about 37 years, i. e., from the time when construction was initiated of the first commercial nuclear plants in Sweden. Nuclear power currently accounts for almost 50 % of the electricity generated in this country. Hence, Nuclear Reactor Engineering is a vital discipline in the context of the energy production in Sweden. The Swedish nuclear industry and authorities currently find themselves in a generation transition. Inspiring university students to choose a career in the nuclear field is an important challenge. One way of achieving this ambition is by providing up-to-date education in these disciplines, with emphasis on such aspects as the long-term sustainability of nuclear fission as a source of energy, combined with its minuscule environmental impact as regards CO2 emission. The research at the Division is mainly directed towards experimental and theoretical studies of single- and two-phase flow and heat transfer phenomena in cores of Light Water Reactors. Other research areas of interest are accident management issues, Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) and multi-dimensional methods for coupled neutron kinetics and thermal-hydraulic reactor analysis. Studies of critical heat flux in fuel assemblies are conducted in 1 MW loop at the Divisions laboratory. During 2003 the research at the Division has been supported by the Swedish Center for Nuclear Technology (SKC), European Union and the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate. Two projects involve studies in the 1 MW loop, investigating how the dryout limit on the surface of a typical BWR fuel rod – in full length geometry depends on the presence of spacers, the number of spacers and their positions, as well as on the axial power distribution. While some tests are conducted at

current BWR operating pressure (70 bar) and normal values for the channel inlet sub-cooling (100 C), others study the influence on the dryout limit of reduced operating pressure and enhanced inlet subcooling. Mechanistic modeling of two-phase flows in fuel assemblies, e.g. using CFD methods, requires detailed knowledge about the flow dynamics, in particular the turbulence structure. This issue is addressed in two research projects, in two test facilities, in which measurements of pressure distribution, velocity field (using Laser Doppler Velocimetry), void contents and two-phase flow resistance are carried out in realistic geometries of BWR fuel assemblies. Other research projects address post-dryout in annular tubes, liquid film dynamics in annular twophase flow, measurements and analysis of dryout and liquid film thickness in a tube with various axial power distributions, CFD modeling and experimental validation of steam condensation in the presence ofnon condensable gases, development of an accurate method for calculation of pressure loads on internal reactor structures during Loss of Coolant Accidents and development of a computerized tool for accident diagnostics and source term predictions. During the year 2003 • Wiktor Frid was invited to serve as a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Thermo-Hydraulic Laboratory at the Paul Sherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland • Wiktor Frid was invited to serve as a member of the organizing committee and session chairmen at the OECD/CSNI/NEA Workshop on Evaluation of Uncertainties in Relation to Severe Accidents and Level 2 PSA • Wiktor Frid was opponent at the Licentiate thesis presentation at the Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Reactor Physics • In the framework of the EU FP5, the Division has successfully completed development of a novel computerized tool

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Department of Energy Technology

•

for nuclear reactor accident diagnostics and source term predictions. Wiktor Frid was invited to lecture on Reactor Safety and Future Reactors at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Polen.

Project Descriptions Pressure Drop and Turbulence Structure in Single- and Two-phase Flows Through Realistic Fuel Geometries Researcher: Diana Caraghiaur, Wiktor Frid and Nils Tillmark, E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology General Description and Objectives: The rapid development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods opens a possibility to replace traditional correlation based approach to modelling of two phase flow in fuel assemblies with mechanistic three dimensional two-fluid models. The objective of the research project is to study the fluid dynamics of turbulent single- and two-phase adiabatic air/water flows in real geometries of both BWR and PWR fuel assemblies. The experiments will provide data and insights required for validation and further development of multi-dimensional models for fuel bundle analyses. Of particular interest are the phase distribution phenomena in bubbly two-phase flow and the mass and momentum transfer between adjacent sub-channels, where the turbulence structure of the liquid phase plays an important role, as well as the spacer effects. The project has been initiated by studies of single phase flow. Mechanistic Modelling of Dryout in Fuel Assemblies Researcher: Mattias Hemlin E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology General Description and Objectives: The need of better methods to predict dryout in boiling water reactors is desirable. The objective of this project is to contribute to more accurate predictions of dryout in nuclear fuel

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assemblies, through development and validation of mechanistically based models of liquid film dynamics in annular flow. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Air-Steam-Hydrogen Distribution in the Reactor Containment with Focus on Steam Condensation Effects Researcher: Krzysztof Karkoszka E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology General Description and Objectives: A possibility of hydrogen combustion in reactor containments during severe accidents belongs to one of the most important safety issues, especially for Pressurized Water Reactors. In spite of extensive research in this area there is still a need to reduce uncertainties in some important phenomena. One of these is transport and distribution of hydrogen in the reactor containment in the presence of steam. Experimental studies indicate that steam condensation on containment structures plays an important role for hydrogen distribution. In order to correctly account for this effect, analysis using multi-dimensional computational tools, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes seems necessary. The main objective of the project is to develop and implement in a CFD code improved steam condensation model and to validate this model and the code against separate and integral experiments. A rapid response source term indicator based on plant status for use in emergency response (STERPS) Researcher: Marcin Bednarski, Wiktor Frid E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission General Description and Objectives: In an accident situation in a nuclear power plant it is essential to have a capability for a rapid indication of realistic “source terms”, i.e. the magnitude and the chemical and physical form of the radioactive substances, generated from a range of likely accident scenarios. The objective of the project is to develop a probabilistic source term estimation system that could be used by off-site emergency management, emergency planning personnel and nuclear power plant operators. The system should allow the user to

Department of Energy Technology

input plant specific data, such as key design features, including safety systems, key accident sequences derived from Probabilistic Safety Studies, accident management measures and source term data. Development of the RELAP5 code for fluidstructure interaction analysis Researcher: Ferenc Muller E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate General Description and Objectives: The objective is to contribute to the development of state-of-the-art computational predictive tools for assessment of dynamic loads on internal reactor structures in case of fast pressure transients, e.g. Loss of Coolant Accidents. The RELAP5 code for thermal-hydraulic analysis of reactor system will be modified so that it can be connected with codes for structural analysis. Void contents and flow resistance of two-phase flows through realistic fuel geometries Researcher: Hamid Sadeghi E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate General Description and Objectives: Study void contents and flow resistance of two-phase flows consisting of air-water mixtures at low pressure through an unheated transparent mockup of a BWR subassembly, equipped with real spacers. Measurement and Analysis of Dryout and Film Thickness in a Tube with Various Axial Power Distributions Researcher: Carl Adamsson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: SKC General Description and Objectives: The objective of this project is to measure the liquid film flow in annular two-phase flow. The results will be used to validate and develop accurate mechanistic models to predict the occurrence of dryout. In addition to the measurements a theoretical investigation based on CFD methods will be performed. Complementary Measurements of Dryout in Annular geometry Researcher: Per Persson

E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: SKI General description and objective: This was a continuation of earlier investiagtions of the dryout phenomena carried out during a long time. The project was completed in June 2003. A report has been written on the project.

Fig. 4 Test rig Implementation of a New Data Aquisition and Computer Program for the Thermal-hydraulic Two-phase Flow Loop Researcher: Per Persson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: SKC General Description and Objectives: The old (from the early 1980-ies) data aquistion and computer system at the loop has been replaced by a new system. There has so far not been a documentation of the loop and the data aquisition system. The project has covered the following parts. A description of the measured parameters and equations for the conversion of measured signals to actual parameter values. Development of a new computer program in LabView for the operation of the loop, data aquisition and analysis. The implementation of the new system was necessary for the future use of the loop. A report has been written on the project.

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Department of Energy Technology

Preparation of Dryout and Post Dryout Measurements in Annular Geometry with Tubes of Inconel Researcher: Per Persson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: SKI General Description and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to measure the wall temperatures in case of dryout and to study the influence of spacers on the post dryout temperatures. Studies of this type have never been carried out before. Special temperature measurement devices have been constructed and the test section has been placed in the loop and is ready for measurements. The project will be completed in the beginning of 2004. Disposition of Irradiated (Spent) Nuclear Fuel Researcher: Björn Cronhiort E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Private General Description and Objectives: Current 'schools' for disposition of spent nuclear fuel include 'Final' Disposal and Temporary Disposal. Final Disposal most often takes the shape of Wet Deep Disposal (WDD). Temporary Disposal can be realized in many ways. In our project we advocate a Dry Rock Disposal (DRD) followed by Accelerator Driven Transmutation Technologies (ADTT). The objective is to inspire the society at large, and the nuclear energy community in particular, to devoting increasing resources to study the DRD alternative.

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Jan Blomstrand, Hamid Sadeghi, Per Persson, Ferenc Mûller, Henryk Anglart, Krzysztof Karkoszka, Carl Adamsson, Mattias Hemlin, Wiktor Frid, Stellan Hedberg, Diana Caraghiaur, Björn Cronhiort

Department of Energy Technology

Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration (ETT) Chair: Associate professors Björn Palm and Per Lundqvist This division possesses a unique competence in the field of heat pumps and refrigeration technology and related areas. The research is vertically integrated from systems to components, from fundamentals to applications. The focal areas are thermodynamic cycles for heat pumping, efficient heat transfer, environmentally friendly working fluids, enhanced energy efficiency and cooling of electronics. Since 1999, Björn Palm and Per Lundqvist jointly lead both research and educational activities. The former are divided into four groups: Heat Transfer, Cooling of Electronics, Systems and Cycles and Energy Management. During the year 2003 the division had about 20 Ph.D./research students. The Heat Transfer group is mainly active in the area of boiling and condensation, especially in different types of compact heat exchangers and mini/microchannels. Visualization is a tool frequently used for gaining understanding of the complex two-phase phenomena, supporting modeling and development of correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop. The Electronics Cooling group is concentrated on air flow in complex geometries of electronic systems and on design of two-phase thermosyphons. The Energy Management group has initiated a study of distributed technologies on the energy market with support from the Swedish district heating association. The Systems and Cycles group continued their previous work on system design of single-family heat pumps and on commercial refrigeration systems. A developing area is heat/solar driven systems for air conditioning and cooling.

One new EU-project was started and two more are under negotiation. A total of 40 refereed papers have been published in journals or presented at international conferences during the year. During the year 2003 • Anders Johansson defended his PhD degree on a thesis on the replacement or refrigerant R22 • Sanjeeva Witharana defended his licentiate degree on boilingin on porous surfaces and of nano-fluids • The division presented in total 40 refereed papers in journals and at international conferences. • The senior staff together reviewed about 30 articles submitted for publication in international journals or at international conferences. • Björn Palm acted as opponent for one PhD thesis in Finland. • PhD Per Lundqvist was rewarded with KTH Teaching Award for extraordinary contributions to the undergraduate education at KTH.

During 2003 the research has been supported by STEM, Formas, Naturvårdsverket, NFFP, EU and IEA Heat Pump Center.

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Department of Energy Technology

Project Descriptions R410a Compression Refrigeration System and Components Performance Researcher : Arrie Tjahyo Setiawan E-mail : [email protected] Sponsor : STEM and SWEP International AB General Description and Objectives : New part of the eff-Sys Program. HFC refrigerant R410a (50/50 mixture of R32 and R125) has inherently high pressure and heat capacity. Therefore a new test rig has been developed utilising twin scroll compressors and compact brazed exchangers (CBE) with electronic valves for automatic flow regulation in some chiller and heat pump running conditions. Solar cooling/Solar-driven ejector refrigeration system Researcher: Wimolsiri Pridasawas E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: KTH General Description and Objectives: This project will clarify the possibilities for solar cooling in various climates (dry, wet, etc.) dependent on local possibilities and conditions. This is achieved by selecting the suitable technology from a sustainable perspective including technical, environmental and economical aspects. The study adapts a system perspective including analysis of demand, local conditions and possibilities and various technical solutions rather than a specific technology (the 'technology looking for applications' syndrome). The design of an ejector for a solar-driven ejector refrigeration system is studied and a pilot solar-driven ejector refrigeration system will be built and tested. Energy use in a wooden multifamily house Researcher: David Södergren och Peter Kjaerboe E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Energy Agency General Description and Objectives: Low energy load and energy efficient installations is discussed, designed and tested in a student home with 72 It will be build on KTH campusarea during 2004. Evaluation of measures will be done during two years.

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Goal is a load of less than 30 W/m2 and 60 kWh/(m2year) Heat from solar radiation, consequences on a ground heat pump system Researcher:: Arne Moberg och Peter Kjaerboe E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor:Swedish Energy Agency General Description and Objectives: Consequences when installing a heat pump system with heat from ground is studied. Problems such as decreased ventilation, because of elimination of furnace for combustion, are discussed. Measures for a better coefficient of performance are recommended such as lowering working temperatures and using solar radiation.

Fig 5. Rooftiles from glass can be an important part of a thermal solar collector. Marginal cost can be low. These are manufactured from Kosta art glass company. High Efficiency Cooling Systems for Refrigerators and Freezers Researcher: Erik Björk E-mail: [email protected] Sponsors: Electrolux AB and STEM General Description and Objectives: The scope of the project is the cooling system, and its components, of domestic refrigerators, freezers and

Department of Energy Technology

combinations. The objective is to increase the overall efficiency and hence lower the energy consumption. The activities, for the overall project, have mainly been focused on natural convection type evaporators. Expected outputs are design criteria for this type of evaporators Low-temperature, heat-distribution systems combined with domestic heat pumps Researcher: Dimitra Sakellari, Per Lundqvist E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The project focuses on the influence of using low-temperature heat distribution on the operation of a domestic heat pump and vice versa. The possibility of utilizing several regions of the condensing side for providing different temperature levels (regarding hot-tap water, heating water and ventilation air) is investigated. A simulation model is applied in order to study the operation, calculate the performance, detect and analyze the results. New machine for producing ice-slurry at -35°C for a completely environmentally friendly refrigeration process, ICE-COOL Researchers: Cecilia Hägg, Åke Melinder, Per Lundqvist E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: European Comission General Description and Objectives: The aim is to develop a new refrigeration system, environmentally friendly for low temperature application. The system will be based on a machine able to produce ice slurry, which is a two-phase fluid composed of a water solution and with fine ice particles, at –35ºC. This new machine will reduce the use of HFC by a factor of 10 for a complete direct expansion installation. Simulation and Modelling of Solar driven Absorption Cooling System Researcher: Nemariam, Teclemariam Sponsor: SIDA E-mail: [email protected]

General Description and Objectives: The aim of this project is to investigate and clarify how solar driven cooling system works in various climates using different weather data in daily or hourly variation, and to find out optimum design with respect to cost, performance and environmental impact. The methodology chosen is to use co-solving technique and model the entire system in a transient modeling (TRNSYS) with an absorption refrigeration system modeled quasi-static in EES (Engineering Equation Solver). Minimisation of the charge of natural refrigerant in small capacity heat pumps/refrigeration systems. Researchers: Oxana Samoteeva, Primal Fernando, Klas Andersson Sponsor: STEM E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] General Description and Objectives: The main goal of the project is to develop the knowledge regarding the design of the cooling system or heat pump with the charge of natural refrigerant less than 150 grams and cooling effect about 5 kW. Different forms of models that would increase the understanding of the important phenomena and of optimisation are analysed. Both theoretical and experimental investigations are performed. Hydrogen in mobile and stationary devices- safe and effective solutions Researcher: Nabil Kassem E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor:: EU-Commission General Description and Objectives: Hydrogen is a clean source of energy for mobile and stationary energy-consuming devices. The main problem is to provide compact, safe, and cost-effective hydrogen storage using Carbon Nano-Materials and nanostructured metal hydrides meet today's requirements. The objective is to conduct a life cycle approach to assess the cost-effectiveness and the feasibility of such materials as a safe media for hydrogen storage. CO2 as refrigerant Researcher: Samer Sawalha

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Department of Energy Technology

E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: STEM (Swedish Energy Agency) General description and objectives: Carbon dioxide is a substance which may be used in refrigeration equipment as a primary or secondary refrigerant. Sweden is a forerunner in the use of this fluid, with about 50 commercial installations. The purpose of the project is to study safety issues of this refrigerant in large-scale commercial applications as well as to study the cycle efficiency of these types of systems. Field tests on commercial plants are also planned. Heat and Mass Transfer in Microchannels, HMTMC Researcher: Claudi Martín Callizo E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission General Description and Objectives: The goal of the present project is to develop new micro-thermal design tools for use in the development of more advanced, higher performance micro-thermal systems and processes. In particular, the research objectives of this project are to investigate two-phase heat transfer and pressure drop in Microchannels together with its underlying phenomena such as flow regimes and transition, liquid film thickness under evaporation, etc. by means of flow visualization techniques. Hydrodynamic and Thermal investigation in Compact Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger operating as evaporator in Domestic Heat Pumps Researcher: Joachim Claesson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor:Energimyndigheten, SWEP International AB, Thermia Värme AB General Description and Objectives: The purpose of the project is to obtain in-depth knowledge regarding the phenomena occurring in a compact brazed plate heat exchanger working as an evaporator in refrigerating and heat pump applications. Numerous parameters influence the performance of the evaporator, such as geometric shape and the operating physical parameters. A systematic investigation of important parameters will be conducted.

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Heat Transfer in MicroChannels Researcher: Wahib Owhaib E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Teknikvetenskapliga forskningsrådet (TFR) General description and objectives: Recently, there is worldwide interest in compact heat exchangers of the microchannel type. In heat pump, air conditioning, automotive, and electronics cooling industries, microchannel heat exchangers have several advantages (reduced physical size, higher efficiency and lower fluid inventory), which can be beneficial for both cost and safety. In this project, single phase and two-phase flow phenomena in micro single tubes (around 1mm in diameter) will be experimentally investigated with special attention on heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, the flow patterns, critical heat flux, and liquid film thickness. A light cooling machine for UAV:s Researcher: Per Lundqvist, Jan-Erik Nowacki E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: NFFP General Description and Objectives: The objective is to cool the electronics of a future UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) from SAAB. A cooling machine with a minimal weight is being developed. Airflow and Heat transfer in Radio Base Stations and Power Supply Cabinets Researcher: Raúl Antón, Hans Jonsson E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: KK-Stiftelsen, Ericsson Radio Systems, Nokia Networks, Emerson Energy Systems, Högskolan i Gävle and Fundación Antonio Aranzabal. General Description and Objectives: This project is a joint research program between industry, University of Gävle and KTH. The objective is to study the fluid flow and heat transfer within Radio Base Stations and Power Supply Cabinets cooled by forced air convection. The goal of the project is to develop design tools for accurate and rapid estimation of heat transfer and pressure drop in the systems. In order to develop the design tools, detailed information will be acquired using CFD simulations with experimental validation.

Department of Energy Technology

Solar cooling - solar-driven ejector refrigeration system Researchers: Per Lundqvist, Wimolsiri Pridasawas E-mail:[email protected] Sponsor: General Description and Objective: This project will clarify the possibilities for solar cooling in various climates (dry, wet, etc.) dependent on local possibilities and conditions. This is achieved by selecting the suitable technology from a sustainable perspective including technical, environmental and Economical aspects. The study adapts a system perspective including analysis of demand, local conditions and possibilities and various technical solutions rather than a specific technology (the 'technology looking for applications' syndrome). The design of an ejector for a solar-driven ejector refrigeration system is studied and a pilot solar-driven ejector refrigeration system will be built and tested

Cooling of Electronic by Two-Phase Thermosyphon Researcher: Rahmatollah Khodabandeh E-mail: [email protected] General Description and Objectives In an earlier project it has been demonstrated that up to 190W can be dissipated from a 1 cm² surface by two phase thermosyphons with temperature differences of about 15°C between the evaporator and the condenser. In the present project, which started at the beginning of 1998, thermosyphons of different geometry will be analyzed for applications defined by the industrial partners.

Fig. 6. Mini-Channel Aluminium heat exchanger

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Department of Energy Technology

Peter Hill, Tony Sjöberg, Joachim Claesson, Claudi Martin, Jan-Erik Nowacki, Raul Anton, Erik Björk, Benny Sjöberg, Samer Sawalha, Fredrik Lagergren, Bo Johansson, Primal Fernando, Sanjeeva Witharana, Teclemariam Nemariam, Eva Johansson, Cecilia Hägg, Hans Jonsson, Wimolsiri Pridasawas, Martin Forsén, Rahmatollah Khodabandeh, Jaime Arias, Anders Johansson, Inga Du Rietz, Björn Palm, Carina Carlsson, Oxana Samoteeva, Dimitra Sakellari, Per Lundqvist, Nabil Kassem Not in picture: Åke Melinder, Wahib Owahib, Anita Elksne. Paul Westin

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Department of Energy Technology

Nuclear Power Safety (EKS)

During the year 2003

Chair: Prof. Bal Raj Sehgal The research program is directed towards resolution of the safety issues that are important to the Swedish nuclear power plants. In particular, experimental and analytical research is performed for the physical phenomena inherent in the scheme adopted in Sweden for management of the severe accidents. Additionally, research is performed on the safety of Eastern reactors with particular emphasis on the Ignalina plant in Lithuania and on reactor waste transmutation. The Division has developed extensive experimental facilities and analytical capabilities. The Division employs several post-doctors and Ph.D. students. A multi-year program of experimental and analytical investigations on Melt-Structure-Water interactions during a hypothetical core meltdown accident was continued. Three EU research projects on severe accident phenomenology research and nuclear waste technology research, were successfully concluded in year 2003. Two projects will continue in year 2004. The evaluation of the safety of the Ignalina nuclear power plant continued. We have also developed a course in “Two Phase Thermal Hydraulics”. We will continue with the research on severe accident phenomenology of nuclear power plants. However, we have diversified into the thermal hydraulics and safety of the accelerator driven systems for reactor waste transmutation and onto experiments in high energy thermal hydraulics for which we will be seeking new projects, e.g. (i) depressurization loads on BWR internals, (ii) direct contact condensation induced loads on BWR condensation pools. We will also diversify into the scientific areas of fundamental heat transfer, two-phase flow and nano technology and their applications in power equipment and safety.

• Prof. Sehgal was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA) • Prof. Sehgal received the Glenn T. Seaborg Medal of the American Nuclear Society for outstanding contributions to Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Safety, Physics and Engineering and for publication of more than 300 peer reviewed papers and reports. • Prof. Sehgal was elected as a member of the Board of the European Nuclear Education Network (ENEN). • Prof. Sehgal was invited to deliver a Keynote lecture in the Nuclear Reactor thermal Hydraulics conference held in Korea. • The NPS division presented in total 32 refereed papers in journals and at international conferences.

Project Descriptions Experiments on Melt-Structure-Water Interaction During a Severe Accident (MSWI) Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsors: SKI, USNRC, TVO and Swedish Power companies General Description and Objectives: The objectives on this relatively large scale, multi year research program are to obtain data on, and develop models for, the melt-structure-water interactions that occur during the progression of a severe accident, after a core melt has occurred, in a light water reactor. Preliminary Design Studies of an eXperimental Accelerator Driven System (PDS-XADS) Researchers: B.R. Sehgal et.al. E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission, SKI and SKB

21

Department of Energy Technology

General Description and Objectives: Safety of the design of lead-bismuth and gas cooled ADS for waste management. The project aims to select the most promising technical concepts to address the critical points of the system, to identify the research and development (R&D) in support and to define the safety and licensing issues of ADS. EKS’ s part is focused on identification of main safety issues, perform an integrated safety analysis of both ADS concepts, perform research on phenomenology, and develop a validated methodology for safety analysis. European Nuclear Engineering Network (ENEN) Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Union General Description and Objectives: the purpose of this project is to develop a network of educators in Europe, in order to promote graduate and undergraduate education in Nuclear Engineering. Experiments on Melt-Structure-Water Interaction During a Severe Accident (MSWI) Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swiss Nuclear Inspectorate (HSK) General Description and Objectives: This project has the same objective and work scope as the project with the same name above, except that some additional phenomena in severe accidents are being investigated. Ignalina Core Thermal-Hydraulics and Neutronics Analysis Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish International Projects (SiP) General Description and Objectives: The objects are (1) to develop accurate methods for the safety, thermal hydraulic and neutronic analyses of the Ignalina nuclear power plant and (2) to co-ordinate the work with that of the plant, the Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), GRS (Germany) and other institutions

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supporting LEI and VATESI, the Lithuanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority.

Ex-Vessel Core Melt Stabilization Research (ECOSTAR) Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission General Description and Objectives: To complete the understanding of the complex phenomena of the corium release, and interaction with, the containment. The phenomena investigated are melt-spreading, MCCI and models for these processes in the longterm stabilization by cooling the melt-pool with a water overlayer Technologies, Materials and ThermalHydraulics for Lead Alloys (TECLA) Researcher: B.R. Sehgal et.al E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission General Description and Objectives: The objective is to assess the use of lead alloys both as the spallation target and the coolant of an accelerator driven system (ADS). The field of investigation at KTH will be the thermal hydraulics of pump-driven and naturalcirculation lead-bismuth systems and oxygen control.

Department of Energy Technology

Arun Kumar Nayak, José Galdo, Weimin Ma, Aram Karboijan, Gunnar Alin, Hyun Sun Park, Kajsa Bergman, Andrei Kubarev, Bal Raj Sehgal, Sean Roshan, Roberta Concilio Hansson, Maxym Rychkov, Armen Stepanyan Not in picture: Dereje Shiferaw, Rao Srinivasa Ravva

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Department of Energy Technology

Division of Heat Technology (EKV)

and

Power

Chair: Prof. Torsten Fransson The Division of Heat and Power Technology has a long tradition in education and research in the field of conversion of chemically bound energy to heat and power. The education covers all branches of such energy conversion (except for nuclear energy) as well as propulsion, whereas the research is presently somewhat more directed towards gasturbines, one of the most important prime movers in the future. Research is performed both for stationary and transportation applications. This research spans a broad field from overall system studies down to specific components within energy conversion machines, and ranges from fundamental to applied investigations at small and large scale. The division has four focus groups, each on actively overlapping and interacting with the others: • Heat and power cycles • Catalytic combustion of biomass fuels • Steady/unsteady flow and aeroelasticity • Computerized interactive education of the undergraduate and post-graduate curriculum. During 2003 all the research projects progressed significantly, and several interesting results were obtained. Some significant new test facilities were put into operation and interesting first results obtained. A number of graduate students published results at international conferences. Two students completed their Tek Lic degree. The Division had at the end of 2003 7 researchers with PhD degree, 3 senior researchers with Tek Lic and 2 junior researchers with a Tek Lic degree. In total, the researchers and lecturers in the Division supervised 13 Msc and civil engineer degrees during 2003. The research in the Heat and Power Cycles group is mainly directed towards the use of biomass and mixtures of biomass and fossil fuels for more efficient, cost-effective and environmental friendly

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heat and power production. The Combustion group is directed towards reducing emissions in the combustion process. The Steady/Unsteady Flow and Aeroelasticity goup is mainly directed towards turbomachinery blade flow and heat transfer effects, as well as flutter and forced response problems. The Computerized Interactive Education group studies how modern interactive tools can enhance learning of basic and applied physical phenomena in the field of heat and power technology. The division looks towards a bright future. The significant research efforts that were initialized from 1992 onwards have started to produce positive results. Several graduate students have had the possibility to work on these projects and will obtain Ph.D. degrees within the next few years. The division is presently an active participant in five EU-projects and several projects sponsored by the Swedish National Energy Administration, among others. Energy conversion will continue to be an important factor in future sustainable worldwide development. Modern information technology will become an even more integrated part of Heat and Power Technology. There will be large opportunities for newly graduated engineers and researchers to find highly interesting work in the field. The computerized educational platform under development has become of interest to both universities and various companies within the field . Under 2003 the Division of Heat and Power Technology was granted 1 500 CPU hours per month on various high performance computers at PDC/KTH and NSC in competition with other research projects in Sweden. These HPC hours were granted by SNAC, the Swedish National Allocation Committee. The division organized several meetings and seminars of different character for visitors from other university and industries.

Department of Energy Technology

During the year 2003 •

• • • •

• • •

•

Prof. Fransson was initiator, CEO and Member Board of Director of the “KTH Energy Center” and was a session organizer for European Turbomachinery conference. Researchers in the Division have performed 8 reviews for international scientific journals A review for a research organisation in Switzerland was performed by Prof. Fransson Ivan Kazachkov Member in evaluation committé for PhD thesis Prof. Fransson participated in the evaluation process of two professor recruitments in UK and Ireland and two evaluation committees of PhD theses in France. Prof. Fransson is a member of CIMAC Council of the “Council International des Machines a Combustion” The division presented 36 papers at refereed conferences and Journals Prof. Fransson was invited as session chairman at 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines (ISUAAAT) symposium The ASME dedicated service award was given to Prof. Fransson.

Project Descriptions Web-Based, Interactive Laboratory Experiment in Heat and Power Technology. Researcher: Nalin Navarathna, Andrew Martin E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: WGLN General Description and Objectives: KTH, Hanover University, and Stanford University are three research teams in the field of Internet accessed laboratory

exercises and work together in the I-Labs Project. The objective of this project is to further enhance the flexibility of lab experiments by allowing for remote control operation from nearly any location in the world at a freely chosen time. Increased Energy Utilisation of Biomass with Process Integration Concept Researcher: Marianne Salomón Popa E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Nordisk Energiforskning (NEFP) General Description and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility to increase the energy efficiency and its feasibility considering the possible increment of the total cost and the investment needed. Therefore, the main goal is to achieve financial and environmental savings by better integration of the processes using a multi-product scheme based on electricity, heat, bio fuels for motor vehicles and hydrogen production. Energy Aspects of Impulse Technology in Papermaking Researcher: Andrew Martin E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute (STFI) General Description and Objectives: Impulse technology is a novel papermaking unit operation with tremendous potential for enhanced drying rates, product improvement, and energy savings. Research includes the evaluation of fundamental laboratoryscale experiments, along with assimilation of impulse unit data from pilot paper machine trials. Mill-scale analyses have been performed in collaboration with VTT Processes in Finland. Remote-Controlled Laboratory Exercise for Distant E-Learning in Heat and Power Technology Researcher: Nalin Navarathna E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Wallenberg Global Learning Network General Description and Objectives: In higher education, new pedigogical tools are required to meet the needs of an increasingly mobile society. The aim

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Department of Energy Technology

of this project is to transform a traditional laboratory exercise – flow losses in a linear cascade – into a fully interactive facility that can be remotely operated via the internet. This project is conducted in collaboration with the University of Hanover and Stanford University.

support from two industrial partners. The objective is to study the fluid-structure interaction phenomenon. At KTH fundamental experiments on a flexible wall. are continued. Numerical methods are developed and validated on these experiments.

Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined Cycles Researcher: Miroslav P. Petrov E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The project investigates the thermodynamic performance of hybrid dual-fuel combined cycles in various configurations, with natural gas fired gas turbines or piston engines as topping cycle and biomass or wastefired steam or air turbine bottoming cycles. Higher electrical efficiency fors the hybrid units is sought, as compared to the efficiency of a sum of two independent single-fuel units at the same fuel ratio with scale effects accounted for.

Aeroelastic Design of Turbine Blades II (ADTurB II) Researcher: Alexandros Kessar, Mikkel Myhre, Markus Jöcker E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: EC General Description and Objectives: The unsteady flow in turbomachines leads to aerodynamic blade excitation forces, which can cause destructive blade vibrations (HCF). The objective is to reduce risk and occurrences of HCF incidents of high pressure turbine blades in new gas turbine designs. The experimental and numerical investigations focus on ”Low Engine Order Excitations” and ”Mistuning Effects”.

Part load behavior and Partial admission in steam Turbines with low inlet volumetric flow Researcher: Jens Fridh E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: Investigation of the loss mechanisms in steam turbines with low inlet volumetric flow and partial admission by means of foremost experimental investigations conducted on the KTH Test Turbine Facility. The objectives are to generate design criteria that can be employed in future turbine designs, and to strengthen the research in an aera important to parts of the Swedish industry.

Development of Innovative Techniques for Compressor Aero-Mechanical Design (DITCAD) Researcher: Markus Jöcker, Mikkel Myhre E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor:: EC General Description and Objectives: The aim of this project is to enhance the performance of industrial gas turbines by introducing advanced axial compressor design methodologies. The department work focus on the improvement of the aeromechanical design of highly loaded compressor stages. Unsteady CFD computations are performed and coupled to structure dynamics models.

Generic studies on energy-related fluid-structure interaction Researcher: Davy Allegret-Bourdon, Olga Chernysheva, Markus Jöcker E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: This project is a joint research program of 2 swedish universities with

Computerized Education in Heat and Power Technology Researchers: Torsten Fransson, Ivan Kazachkov, Yacine Abbes, Vitali Fedulov, Marianne Salomón Popa E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

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Department of Energy Technology

Sponsor: National Agency for Higher Education and various industries General description and objectives: The project consists on the development of an e-learning tool in heat and power technology. This platform collects the theory for courses in the form of overhead pages together with simulations, videos, animations, calculation exercises, quizzes and lecture notes. The long-term goal of the learning platform is that users worldwide will have the possibility to access the best teaching material available from any specialist suitable for university and a post-university level.

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The objective of this project is to get a better understanding of unsteady compressible duct flows with shock wave, separation and laminar-turbulent transition. In order to focus the analysis on essential features, the study is being carried out on simple but generic geometries like 2D and 3D convergent-divergent nozzles. Both experimental and numerical investigations are performed.

Efficient steam turbines for small-scale energy conversion plants Researcher: Jens Fridh E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The overall objectives of the project are to investigate and put forward the possibilities of an efficiency enhancement for small-scale steam turbines, within economically reasonable boundaries. Where studies on losses induced through partial admission is of special interest. The work is mainly aimed towards aerodynamic design/performance calculations with experimental tests for comparison and verification.

3-Dimensional Aerodynamics and Film Cooling in a Sector of an Annular Cascade Researcher: Julien Roux E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Gas Turbine Center (Alstom Power Sewden, Volvo Aero, STEM) General Description and Objectives: This project is a part of the joint research program “Turbine Cooling Performance”. The objective is to have additional 3D information about the film cooling. High thermal efficiency is dependant upon high turbine entry temperature, which is limited by the turbine blade and nozzle guide vane materials. Film cooling is a very efficient scheme in protecting the blade surface. At the Royal Institute of Technology, an annular sector test facility to investigate the steady-state cooling effects has recently been put into service. Both experimental and numerical investigations will be performed.

Unsteady transitional flows in axial turbomachines - UTAT Researcher: Jiasen Hu E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: European Commission General Description and Objectives: This project is a EU project performed by 16 partners from 8 European countries. The overall objective is to enhance our physical understanding of unsteady transitional flows in axial turbomachines and to improve transition-modeling methods for industrial design work. Compressible flow with shock, turbulence, transition and unsteadiness Researcher: Olivier Bron, Jiasen Hu, Alexandros Kessar

GTC/AeroElast Researcher: Damian Vogt E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: GTC General Description and Objectives The continuous trend in turbomachinery to design lighter and more cost-effective turbomachines has rendered the problems related to aeroelastic phenomena more and more exacerbated. These phenomena can be divided by their nature into flutter (self-excited vibrations) and forced response (vibrations resulting from an external excitation).

27

Department of Energy Technology

The study addresses the fluid-based coupling of the blades in a low pressure turbine during flutter, also referred to as aerodynamic coupling and is carried out as a joint project within the Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC) between Siemens Industrial Turbines Sweden (formerly ALSTOM Power Sweden), Volvo Aero and KTH. The aim has been set up to experimentally obtain time-dependent pressures of three-dimensional features on a vibrating turbine blade at realistic Mach, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers. The experimental data shall help the basic understanding of propagation of time-dependent perturbations in a three-dimensional flow, and shall also serve as a database for the validation of timedependent aerodynamic design tools.

neighbor blades. First flutter tests have successfully been performed. DAIGTS Researcher: Damian Vogt E-mail: [email protected] Sponsors: The study is part of a joint European project between ALSTOM Power UK, ALSTOM Power Sweden, Nuovo Pignone, KTH Sweden and Universita degli Studi di Firenze. General Description and Objectives: The study is part of a joint European project between Demag Delaval Industrial Turbines UK (formerly ALSTOM Power UK), Siemens Industrial Turbines Sweden (formerly ALSTOM Power Sweden), Nuovo Pignone, KTH Sweden and Universita degli Studi di Firenze. The work put forward in this project addresses the issues involved with the design and application of high efficiency turbine blading for future generation of industrial gas turbines. The project has for this been split into the following three main workpackages: advanced aerodynamic analysis of industrial gas turbine stages; characteristics of industrial gas turbine stages at off-design conditions; predictable aero-mechanical behavior. The involvement of KTH is located in the latter of the three workpackages and includes experimental investigations on an oscillating turbine blade as well as numerical simulations and further development of numerical tools.

Fig. 7. Mach number downstream of the cascade During the last year a newly built test facility has been taken into service. The facility includes a sector cascade of low pressure turbine blades and is operated in non-rotating mode. Figure 1 shows the Mach number distribution downstream of the cascade over the center passages and gives an impression of the prevalent 3D flow structures as well as excellent flow periodicity. One blade in the cascade can be made oscillating in controlled modes such as to achieve generic state of flutter whilst the pressure is measured time-resolved on the oscillating as well as the non-oscillating

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Fig. 8. Test facility employed for testing; test section and blade actuator shown on right-hand side

Department of Energy Technology

The experimental investigations have been carried out in a new cascade test facility at the Department featuring controlled blade oscillation such as to achieve simulated state of flutter, see figure 1. One blade in the cascade was made oscillating whilst the unsteady loading was measured on the non-oscillating neighbour blades. The data has been recombined to results of interest under assumption of linear superposability. During the last year a series of steadystate and flutter tests have been performed at design and off-design conditions for model validation. The numerical model employed used an unsteady 2D linearized approach for flutter simulations. Comparisons to test data have shown good overall agreement and led to deepened understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms. Collaboration in implementation of the interactive teaching-learning platform in educational process at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Kyiv T. Shevchenko National University (KNU) Researcher: Ivan Kazachkov E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Institute General Description and Objectives: This project is a joint research program to be performed by KTH and KNU. The objective is to study, implement and perform further development of CompEdu A few new chapters and pdf files were developed and are going to be included in CompEdu, e.g. chapters on rheology of complex fluids and on blood flows in capillaries. The draft of book on rheology of complex fluid and blood flow in capillaries includes some chapters on fluid-structure interaction and influence of electromagnetic field on rheology of flow. Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass in Gas turbines Researcher: Reza Fakhrai E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: This project is a joint research program between the Division of Heat and Power Technology and Chemical Technology.

The aim is to develop a catalytic combustion system that is capable of oxidizing a low heating value fuel gas derived from biomass gasification for gas turbine applications. Low emission levels for NOx, CO and HC are to achieved to meet today’s stringent emission regulation Palladium and manganese substituted hexaaluminates based catalysts have been developed and tested under atmospheric and press urized conditions in a 500 k W fuel test facility. Cyclone Gasification of pulverized biomass for operation of gas turbines in cogeneration plants Researcher: Jan Fredriksson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: EU Contract JOR3 CT98 0281 General Description and Objectives: To promote renewable energy sources, new technology is being developed to supply classical power plant with these sources. Gasified biomass, as renewable fuel, is safe in relation to the green house effect, with compensating the CO2 emissions, by forest needs. A modified combustion chamber gas is to be designed in order to adapt the gas turbine for the low heating value (LHV) gas. A new design based on the existing combustion chamber and a specific inlet for the LVH gas has been created. Gasification of biomass in an open-top downdraft gasifier. Researcher: Catharina Erlich E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Sida General Description and Objectives: Downdraft gasification technique is applicable in developing countries to power villages via IC-engines running on gasified biomass. This project aims in studying the downdraft gasification technology numerically by analyzing different parameters affecting the gas composition and gasifier efficiency, such as fuel size, primary and secondary air. Different fuels will also be tested experimentally, for example bagasse pellets. Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined Cycles Researcher: Miroslav P. Petrov E-mail: [email protected]

29

Department of Energy Technology

Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The project investigates the thermodynamic performance of hybrid dual-fuel combined cycles in various configurations, with natural gas fired gas turbines or piston engines as topping cycle and biomass or wastefired steam or air turbine bottoming cycles. Higher electrical efficiency fors the hybrid units is sought, as compared to the efficiency of a sum of two independent single-fuel units at the same fuel ratio with scale effects accounted for. Numerical Study of Aeroelastic Aspects in Turbomachines Researcher: Moosa Muhammad, Torsten Fransson E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: GTC General Description and Objectives: The present study is directed towards improving the knowledge related to aeroelastic effects in axial flow turbomachines. Numerical investigations of selfexcited vibrations will be performed on both turbine and compressor bladings. State-of-the-art computational techniques will be used for the investigation. The unsteady aerodynamic aspects shall be investigated in detail. Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Design Parameters Defining Nozzle Guide Vane Endwall Heat Transfer Researcher: Frank Rubensdörffer E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: Swedish Gas Turbine Center (ALSTOM Power Sweden, Volvo Aero, STEM) General Description and Objectives: Modern industrial gas turbines with low NOX burners have a high turbine inlet temperature combined with a flat temperature profile. This means that the nozzle guide vane endwall heat load for an industrial gas turbine is much higher compared to a jet engine. Experimental investigations in a test rig as well as numerical 3D CFD calculations of the flow field and the endwall heat transfer in a nozzle guide vane will be performed. The objective of the work is to evaluate the influence of the major design parameters on the heat transfer of the nozzle guide vane endwall.

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Aeroelastic Design of Turbine Blades II, ADTurB II Researcher: Alexandros Kessar E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor: EU General Description and Objectives: ADTurBII is a 4-year project to generate experimental data for validation of design and analysis tools that are used to predict amplitude of vibration in bladed disk assemblies. Investigations centre on a few key subjects by performing a set of good quality experiments examining fundamental behaviour or simulating engine conditions. The focus is on turbine blades but many fundamental aspects will be generic to both compressor & turbine. Because the experiments required rely on characteristics of the whole annulus or rotor they are very costly to perform and can only really be affordable within a European collaborative programme such as this.

Department of Energy Technology

Miroslav Petrov, Vitalij Fedulov, Markus Jöcker, Catharina Erlich, Reza Fakhrai, Olga Chernycheva, Per Almqvist,’ Bernt Jansson, Mikkel Myhre, Sergey Barekyan, Stellan Hedberg, Rolf Bornhed, Anders Nordstrand, Jens Fridh, Birute Bunkute, Jan-Inge Ringström, Ivan Kazachkov, Davy Allegret-Bourdon, Nalin Navarathna, Damian Vogt, Yacine Abbes, Moosa Muhammed, Ann Brånth, Julien Roux, Maurice Heine, Torsten Fransson, Martin Martirosyaw, Alessandro Cerioli, Christer Blomqvist, Liu Chuanfeng Not in picture: Marianne Salomon Popa, Jiasen Hu, Alexandros Kessar, Arturo Manrique Carrera, Olivier Bron, Jan Fredriksson, Jeevan Jayasuriya

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Department of Energy Technology

Research group Sustainable Building Systems (EBS) Head of the group: Assistant Professor Ivo Martinac The research group Sustainable Building Systems is currently focusing its work on the following research areas: -

Energy efficiency and conservation in buildings Utilization of Renewable energy (systems) in the built environment Bioclimatic buildings (design and performance)

Project Descriptions Energy-Efficiency and Conservation in Hotels Researcher: Paulina Bohdanowicz, Branko Simanic E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sponsor: STEM General Description and Objectives: The purpose of this project is to obtain a thorough understanding (including an up-to-date statistical database) of the energy utilization in the hotel industry (in Sweden and internationally), and to develop strategies for promoting the application of sustainable technologies and services/practices (behaviour) in this sector. Special attention will be given to maximizing the energy-efficiency of heating, ventilation, airconditioning and lighting systems. Emphasis will also be given to developing, promoting and implementing suitable strategies of energy conservation, as well as promoting the use of suitable renewable energy systems. The project also aims at investigating the suitability for hotels of different types of distributed generation systems. Analysis of Sustainable HVAC Systems in Tourism Accommodation Facilities on Mediterranean Coast Researcher: Vlasta Zanki Alujević E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Sponsor: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, IMEK

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General Description and Objectives: The project deals with sustainable approach, design and analysis of centralized energy systems for cold and hot water production in tourism accommodation facilities. The possibility of utilizing Adriatic sea water, temperature of 15 oC, as a cold source is investigated. Second, solar absorption cooling system uses solar energy form the solar panels as heat source, and seawater as heat sink. In winter time solar energy from solar panels system is used for heating. Both systems are designed as high temperature cooling and low temperature heating. These two systems utilizing renewable energy sources are compared with conventional vapour compression system from efficiency, economy and environmental point of view. Systems will be designed according to typical load that will be conducted after analysis of questionnaire in croatian coastal hotels.

Ivo Martinac, Peter Kjaerboe, Paulina Bohdanowicz, Vlasta Zanki Not in the picture: Branko Simanic, Thomas Persson

Department of Energy Technology

eff-Sys – Efficient Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems The Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration is the host of the program secretariat of the Swedish national research program called eff-Sys “Efficient refrigeration and heat pump systems”. effSys was launched by the Swedish Energy Agency, (STEM), the 1st of March, 2001. The program will run to March 2004. eff-Sys was started as a direct prolongation of the earlier program Climate 21 (C21), which was closed the 28th of February, 2001. The new program will have a stronger focus on complete systems. eff-Sys is a collaboration between four universities and several partners from the Swedish refrigeration and heat pump industry. eff-Sys stimulates the development of state of the art technology for heat pumps and refrigerating systems that utilize energy very efficiently and are commercially and environmentally viable. The program’s objective is to strengthen Swedish industry on a long-term basis through co-operation between universities and the industry, which leads to mutual exchange and transfer of knowledge. The program budget is estimated at 54 million SEK, of which maximum 50 % is financed by STEM but each project is financed by maximum 40 % by STEM and the remaining by the industry partners. During the whole period there have been totally 18 ongoing projects in the program. Nine projects were started during Climate 21 and one of them was closed at the end of the year 2002. The eight others from Climate 21 are carried on by Ph.D. students and PhD’s and will be finished in the beginning of year 2004. Four smaller projects were started during 2002 and another five have been initiated during the year 2003. The nine most extensive projects in the program are/were:

The energy-efficient display cabinet, SP/CTH, was started during C21, is ongoing. The energy-efficient cooling coils of the display cabinet, SP/CTH/LTH, was started during C21, is ongoing. Integrated control of refrigeration and heat pump systems, SP/CTH, was started during C21, finished at the end of 2002. Simulation of heat pump systems behaviour, KTH, was started during C21, is ongoing. Efficient plate heat exchangers as evaporators in heat pump systems, KTH, was started during C21, is ongoing. Lubrication of bearings in refrigerating machines, LTU, was started during C21, is ongoing. High efficiency cooling systems for refrigerators and freezers, KTH, was started during C21, is ongoing. The second eff-Sys day was held in January 2003, an open workshop, where the project participants gathered to exchange and spread information inside and outside the program. eff-Sys will be ended with another open workshop in March 2004, where the results of the projects will be presented and the future needs of research and development will be discussed for each area. More information about eff-Sys and its participating projects is available on the website http://www.effsys.org

Carina Carlsson Program Secretary, eff-Sys email: [email protected]

Optimisation of low temperature driven absorption chiller, KTH, was started during C21, finished at the end of 2002. The energy-efficient supermarket – a comprehensive view of energy use, economy and environmental consequences, KTH, was started during C21, is ongoing.

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Department of Energy Technology

CETET – The Center for Energy Conversion Technologies

Swedish Gas Turbine Center (GTC)

Energy research and education have held prominent roles at KTH – indeed, a survey conducted one year ago showed that roughly 1/3 of all departments have some type of involvement in the energy field, with an annual turnover of around 200 MSEK. CETET was established in order to coordinate activities with groups located at the Departments of Building Sciences, Chemical Engineering & Technology, Electrical Engineering, Energy Technology, and Materials Science & Engineering. During 2003 CETET expanded with the inclusion of a research group at the Department of Industrial Management. CETET currently is composed of around 150 professors, senior researchers, and PhD students.

The Division of Heat and Power Technology is the host of the Swedish Gas Turbine Center at KTH. The combined University/industry center is administratively located at Chalmers Institute of Technology and is an equal collaboration between CTH, KTH and LTH. The industrial partners are Demag Delaval Industrial Turbomachinery AB Sweden and Volvo Aero. Funding for projects is equally split between these companies and the Swedish Energy Administration.

CETET’s activities for 2003 included the annual KTH Energy Day and 100-year anniversary of Elling’s gas turbine, which was held in conjunction with SMR (Swedish Society of Mechanical Engineers). These events were reported in the journal Mekanisten. CETET groups were also active in networking within the EU FP6 research program for new projects.

The researches performed at KTH insides the Gas Turbine Center is concentrated on aerodynamics and unsteady flow through turbine blade rows. The project “Experimental Investigation of the 3D Steady Flow with and without Film Cooling in a Sector of an Annular Cascade” has continued. Two projects on aeroelasticity “Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients on an Oscillating. Turbine Blade in three-dimensional Flow” and “Numerical Studies of AeroElastic Aspects in Turbomachines” have made significant progress. All three projects are of significant interest for the future design of more fuel efficient and reliable gas turbines.

More information can be found via CETET’s homepage, www.energy.kth.se/cetet. Torsten Fransson Andrew Martin Technical Secretary

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Department of Energy Technology

Experimental Equipment The Heat and Power Technology laboratory hall is used both for research and undergraduate teaching in the form of laboratory exercises. These student exercises cover areas like laminar and turbulent combustion, compressor surge and flutter experiments. An equipment for aerodynamic measurements in a linear cascade can be used for distant exercises, controlled by internet. A steam boiler is designed for both education and research and is connected to a steam turbine. Fired with oil the steam boiler produces steam at a continuous rate of 4.4 t/h, at 400 °C and 35 bar. Experimental research is done in the fields of combustion and aerodynamics. Different test facilities are available: -

Test rig for catalytic combustion of different fuels at moderate pressure Annular sector cascade for cooled and uncooled nozzle guide vane measurements Annular sector cascade for flutter experiments Test rig for combustion at high pressure Wind tunnel for supersonic experiments Axial flow air turbine for efficiency optimisation.

The High Speed Pressure Measurement System comprises 32 parallel channels with individual analog signal treatment and 16-bit AD converters. It is capable of sampling all 32 channels at a rate of 200kHz. The system is used in conjunction with piezoelectric KULITE miniature pressure transducers and thus featuring excellent frequency response. In the Division of Nuclear Power Safety (EKS), the construction of the Lead-Bismuth Test Loop (TECLA), is already finished and is ready for the pretest of the equipment for the final exploitation. The test facility is 7 m high and 2 m wide. Currently, there is no other loop like this in the World that can provide data on Safety Transient Experiments, such as Loss of Flow, Accelerator on-off and Natural

Circulation Stability. The Lead-Bismuth operates at prototypic plant conditions.

Loop

In each of the two laboratory halls, a concrete containment is used to achieve the safety of the personnel involved in carrying out the severe accident experiments, where molten materials at high temperature (1000 to 1500°C) and high pressure are used. In the main concrete containment, which is designed and tested to hold up to 5 bar pressure, a series of steam explosion experiments are taking place with a special test facility. The NPS laboratory is equipped with a high energy X-ray system, high speed camera, 50 KW induction furnace, lab view-DAS system, workshop and equipment needed for construction and operation of large scale experiments. The laboratory at the Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration has four big climate chambers with floor areas range from 10 to 23 m2 and are built to satisfy different needs of testing. In three of them there is a possibility to vary the temperature from +40 to -40°C. The fourth chamber is designed for low temperatures down to -60°C. One of the Climate chambers has an interior wall that divides the room into two, a cold and a warm side. This makes the chamber ideal to test heat transfer through different materials. For smaller objects, which need to be tested in even lower temperatures, there is a laboratory fridge with a volume of 85 liters. The fridge is designed to reach down to –85°C. The Division also has a Stirling machine that produces liquid nitrogen. Several of the new refrigerants that is designed to replace the old CFC and HCFC are blends. To decide the composition of those mixtures the division uses gas chromatographic equipment specially designed for detecting hydrocarbons. For collecting and handling of test several types of data loggers to which of sensors could be connected. Pressure, Mass flow, Electric Power,

data we have different types Temperature, Humidity, etc.

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Department of Energy Technology

The computer software used to communicate with the logger is HP-vee. To make sure the quality of the measurement is reliable all equipment is regularly calibrated. We also have a computer controlled liquid bath calibrator designed for thermocouples. The laboratory of the Nuclear Technology division has two main test facilities. Studies related to critical heat flux in fuel assemblies are conducted in a loop designed for operating pressures up to 25 MPa. The test sections with heated length up to 7200 mm can be studied, and the power is supplied from a direct current generator. The maximum available current is 6000 amps and voltages ranging from 0 to 140 volts can be supplied. Before entering the test section the water passes a 150 kW pre-heater and a filter. After the test section the steam-water mixture flows through a condensor, and the water then enters a circulation pump, which has a pressure head of 100 meters of water. Another test facility is used for investigations of pressure drop and flow structure of turbulent singleand two-phase adiabatic air/water flows in real geometries of both BWR and PWR fuel rod bundles. At present, the experimental facility represents a quarter of the Westinghouse Atom BWR SVEA 96 fuel assembly and contains 24 rods. Air can be introduced to the lower plenum of the test section through a bubble generator. The measurements are carried out under adiabatic conditions with water flow velocities of up to 7 m/s and water temperatures between 20 °C and 80°C, resulting in maximum Reynolds number of 200 000. There is a number of pressure taps along the test section to allow measurements of the differential pressure losses over the spacers and along the sectors between spacers. The pressure fluctuations between adjacent subchannels can be measured at various axial locations using specially designed rods. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) will be used for velocity and turbulence measurements.

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Department of Energy Technology

Publications Doctoral Theses Anders Johansson Phase-out of refrigerant 22 Trita REFR Report No 03/39, ISSN 1102-0245, ISBN 91-7283-526-5 LicentiateTheses Sanjeeva Witharana Boiling of Refrigerants on Enhanced Surfaces and Boiling of Nanofluids Trita REFR Report No 03/37, ISSN 1102-0245

Björkström, Mattias Solar Humidifier for Greenhouse Applications Caraghiaur, Diana Biofuels Production – Literature study Carabaza, Alberto Zomorano Validation of a Fluid-Structure Interaction Test Facility for Experimental Study Cardona, Alonso M. Sustainable Cogeneration at Paper Mill Plant, Cortones Amèrica S.A. Durgé, Helena Studie av värmeväxlare med evaporativ kylning

Paulina Bohdanowicz A Study of Environmental Impacts, Environmental Awareness and Pro-Ecological Initiatives in the Hotel Industry Trita REFR Report no 03/40, ISSN 11020245, ISBN 91-7283-617-2

Gehui Xu Compact Heat Exchangers for Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers – A Literature Survey of Forced Convection Evaporator

Mikkel Myhre Numerical Investigation of the Sensitivity of Forced Response Characteristics of Bladed Disks to Mistuning

Häggström Anna Betydelsen av att tillgodoräkna icke säkerhetsklassade systemfunktioner i PSA

Miroslav Petrov Biomass and Natural Gas Hybrid Combined Cycles

Jobaida Begum Estimation of Performance and Suggestions for Enhancement of Solar Home System in Bangladesh

Msc Theses Afgani, Mohsen Dellast prestanda för kompaktlödda plattvärmeväxlare

Johansson, Carina Utvärdering av energiberäkningsprogram för flerbostadshus

Agrell, Maria Studie av progressiva inloppsstrypningars inverkan på härdstabilitet

Jonsson, Mathias & Karlsson, Svante Simulation and Analysis of a Micro Turbine and Absorption Cooling Cogeneration System

Barber, Carlos Study of the Pumping Channel and the Leakage in the Siegbahn Vacuum Pump

Karlsson, Svante Simulation and analysis of a microturbine and absoption cooling Cogeneration System

Bjurling, Gun A Method to Find Enthalpy Change in Phase Change Materials

Klefbohm Kristofer Performance testing and analysis of a Fossil Steam Turbine after retrofit

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Department of Energy Technology

Krejci, Marko Development of Mechanistic Dryout Model for the BWR Fuel Bundles

Sanchez Bahillo, Alvaro Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Guide Vanes in a Sector of an Annular Cascade

Lenherr, Christian Modelling of Aerodynamic Low Engine Order Excitation in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage

Sandberg, Tom Prospects of Integrated Hydrogen Production in Power Generation

Lilliestråle, Richard Distribution av fjärrvärme i Lomma och Klippan

Simanic, Branko Visualization of R134a Two-Phase Flow Inside a Compact Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger

Lorentzon, Martin Energetic and Economic Evaluation of Advanced Gas Turbine Concepts Mahon, Margaret The U-value of a Thermosyphoning Air Panel Mainali, Brijesh A Study on Sustainable Energy Supply to Rural People of Nepal: Energy for Poor Marquez Arreaza, Timo Energy Consumption Scenario in the Industry Sector: Sector extension and analysis related to the VLEEM model Mustafi, Nirenda N. Potential for the Independent Power Productions for Rural Electrification for Rural Electrification in Bangladesh Natucka Dorota M Energy in Polish Hotels – Sources, Needs, Possibilities of Savings and Implementation of Sustainable Energy Solutions Nozadze, Shota Perspectives of Geothermal Water Usage in HeatCold Supply in Georgia Petelot, Aude Monitoring Interface and PV/Thermal Systems: Examples of Improved Solar Energy Systems for Buildings in France Rudoph, Peter Clean Room Technology – Factors Influencing Air Cleanliness

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Stepanyan, Armen Numerical Investigation of Single Phase Pressure Drop and Turbulence Intensity in a BWR Fuel Bundle Tan, Lei Thermal Modelling and Evaluation of Electrical Heater Foils Vosecký, Martin A Novel Approach for Fuel-NOx Treatment in Catalytic Combustion of Gasified Biomass for Gas Turbine Winder, Kelly Factor 10 Energy Reduction Retrofit Investigation for Canadian Residences Wiwit Kastawans Energy Efficiency and Conservation Measures for Sustainable Energy Use in A Tropical Hotel in Indonesia Case Study: Hotel Sol Melia Benoa, BaliIndonesia Yao, Danfeng Ammonia Heat Pump – Residential application Zetterlund, Fredrik Förbränningsförhållanden vid bränslebäddar på rörlig rost

omblandning

i

Department of Energy Technology

Scientific Publications

The European-Japanese Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Siena, Italy, September 21~27, (2003).

Division of Nuclear Power Safety

Frigyes Reisch “Sweden, Final Repository of Used Nuclear Fuel, Public Involvement in the Location Proccedings of the American Nuclear Society, International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference March 30 - April 3, 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Giri, A., Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., and Sehgal, B. R., "Bubble Dynamics and Stability Analysis in Liquid-VaporLiquid System," The 41th Europian Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Hurtigruten, Norway, May 12~14,(2003).

Frigyes Reisch Grid Collapse in Sweden Nuclear Engineering International November 2003

Gylys, J., Adomavicius, A., Belousov, A., Ognerubov, V., Jasiulevicius, A., "The analysis of single control rod withdrawal accident case at Ignalina NPP for RBMK-1500 reactor referent full power state, employing coupled neutronics-thermohydraulics code CORETRAN", Proceedings of III International Conference on Industrial Heat Engineering, Kiev, Ukraine, September 29 - October 4, 2003.

Frigyes Reisch, Leif Svensson Rapport från avfallsfronten Nordiska Industriprojekt NR 4: 2003

Jasiulevicius, A., Kubarev, A., Sehgal, B.R., "RBMK-1500 transient analysis with CORETRAN code". Proceedings of NURETH-10 conference, Seoul, Korea, October 5-9, 2003.

Frigyes Reisch, Dan Kristensson Instrument and Control Systems (I&C) of interim storage and final repository of nuclear fuel and waste Presentation at the International Electrotechnical Committee General Meeting October 2003, Montreal, Canada

Jasiulevicius, A., Sehgal, B.R., "COMECO experiments on molten pool coolability enhancement in the BWR lower head with CRGTs". Proceedings of NURETH-10 conference, Seoul, Korea, October 5-9, 2003.

Sehgal, B.R., Theerthan, A., Giri, A. Karbojian A. et al Nuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 221, April 2003 pages 23-55; "Assessment of reactor vessel integrity (ARVI) Koszela Z. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 223, July 2003 pages 49-75; "Assessment of RELAP5/MOD3.2.2 Gamma against ABB Atom 3x3-Rod Bundle Refloding Tests”. Giri, A., Park, H. S., Hansson, R. C., and Sehgal, B. R., "Bubble Dynamics and Stability Analysis in Liquid-VaporLiquid System," The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5~9, (2003). Giri, A., Park, H. S., and Sehgal, B. R., "Analysis of Bubble Dynamics in Explosive Boiling of Droplet with Fine Fragmentation,"

Konovalikhin, M.J., Jasiulevicius, A., Sehgal, B.R., "Debris bed coolability in the BWR pressure vessel", Proceedings of 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference, Kohala Coast, Havaii, USA, March 16-20, 2003. Ma, W., Sehgal, B.R. "Numerical investigation on the behavior of a droplet and vapor film due to shock wave," Proc. of the 11th International Conference On Nuclear Engineering, ICONE11-36303, Tokyo, JAPAN, April 20-23, 2003. Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R., "Single Drop Melt Fragmentation Observed by High-Speed X-ray Radiography and Photography," CD-Rom Proceeding of the 11th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE11), ICONE11-36327, Keio Plaza InterContinental Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, April 20~23, (2003). Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R., "Impulsive Shock Induced Single Drop Steam Explosion Visualized by High-Speed X-ray Radiography and Photography Metallic Melt,"

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Department of Energy Technology

The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5~9, (2003). Park, H. S., Hansson, R. C., Sehgal, B. R., "Fine Fragmentation Process observed by X-ray Radiography," The European-Japanese Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Siena, Italy, September 21~27, (2003). Park, H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R., "Visualization of Dynamic Fragmentation of Molten Liquid Droplet in Liquid Coolant," The 2nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (HEFAT-2003), Paper No. SB2, Victoria Falls, Zambia, 23-26 June, (2003).

Sehgal, B. R., Park, H. S., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Jasiulevicius, A., Hansson, R. C., Chikkanagoudar, U., Shiferaw, D., and Stepanyan, A., "Phenomenological Studies on Melt-Structure-Water Interactions (MSWI) during Postulated Severe Accidents," SKI Report, 2003. Sehgal, B. R., Park, H. S., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Jasiulevicius, A., Hansson, R. C., Chikkanagoudar, U., Shiferaw, D., and Stepanyan, A., "Melt-Structure-Water Interactions During Postulated Severe Accidents in LWRs," HSK Report, 2003.

Sehgal, B. R., Ma, W. M., Karbojian, A "Thermal-hydraulic ADS lead-bismuth loop (TALL) and test plan," Park,H. S., Hansson R. C., Sehgal, B. R., IIIo International Workshop on Materials for Hybrid Reactors and "Continuous High-Speed X-ray Radiography to Visualize Dynamic Fragmentation of Molten Liquid Droplet in Liquid Related Technologies, October 13-15, 2003, Rome, Italy Coolant," CD-Rom Proceeding of the 4th Pacific Symposium on Flow Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W. Karbojian, A., "Thermal-hydraulic Visualization and Image Processing (PFSVIP4), PSFVIP4-4090, ADS lead-bismuth loop (TALL) and experiment on a heat Chamonix, France, June 3~5, (2003). exchanger," IAEA Technical Meeting on Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Heavy Liquid Metal Thermal Hydraulics, Park,H. S., Hansson, R. C., Sehgal, B. R., 28-31 October 2003, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany "Micro-interactions observed during Explosive Boiling in Liquid-Vapor-Liquid System," The 41th European Two-Phase Flow Group Meeting, Hurtigruten, Sehgal, B.R., Konovalikhin, M.J., Jasiulevicius, A. Norway, May 12~14,(2003). "Debris bed coolability in the BWR pressure vessel", Proceedings of HEFAT2003, 2nd Conference on Heat Transfer, Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, June "Thermal-hydraulic ADS Lead bismuth Loop (TALL) and 23-26, 2003. experiments on a heat exchanger," Proceedings of IAEA Technical meeting on theoretical and Sehgal, B.R., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Theertan, A., experimental studies of heavy liquid metal thermal hydraulics, ”Experiment on the lower head vessel failure under coupled Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, October 28-31, 2003. melt pool convection and creep", Proceedings of HEFAT2003, 2nd Conference on Heat Transfer, Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls, Zambia, June "Thermal-hydraulic ADS Lead-Bismuth Loop (TALL) and 23-26, 2003. test plan," the 3rd International Workshop on Materials for Hybrid Reactors Sehgal, B.R., Giri, A., Karbojian, A., Theertan, A., and Related Technologies, Rome, Italy, October 13-15, 2003. "Effect of penetration on the lower head vessel failure under coupled melt pool convection and creep", Sehgal, B.R., Ma, W., Karbojian, A Proceedings of SMIRT 17 Conference, Czech Republic, August 2003. "Lead-Bismuth Flow and Heat Transfer Performance in Heat Exchangers," Sehgal, B. R., Technical Report for European Commission 5th Framework "Stabilization and termination of severe accidents in LWRs" Programme 1998-2002, TECLA: No FIKW-CT-2000-00092, The 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Deliverable D39, December 2003. Hydraulics (NURETH10), Seoul, Korea, Oct. 5-9, (2003).

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Department of Energy Technology

Sehgal.B.R. et al ”Assessment of reactor vessel integrity (ARVI)” Nuclear Engineering Design 221, pages 23-53 (2003)

Fridh, J.E., Bennett, K., Martin, A.. ”A teacher exchange with South Africa” Article in ’Mekanisten’, SMR, 2003:2, pp56-57, 2003

Division of Heat and Power Technology

Kazachkov, I., Fransson, T., Salomon, M., Abbes, Y., Kalion, V. “Interactive Teaching-Learning in Turbomachinery” The World Congress “Aviation in the XXI-st Century” September 14-16, 2003, Kyiv, Ukraine

Allegret-Bourdon, D., Fransson, T. H., “Study of shock wave movement and unsteady pressure on 2D generic model” Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Durham NC, USA, September 7-11, 2003. Fransson, T.H., Vogt, D. M. “A New Facility for Investigating Flutter in Axial Flow Turbomachines” 8th National High Cycle Fatigue Conference, April 14-16, Monterey, California Badinand, T., Fransson, T. H. “Radiative Heat Transfer in Film-Cooled Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzles” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Vol. 17 No. 1, pp 29-34, 2003 Lucisano, M. F. C., Petrini J. B., Martin, A. R. “The Role of Evaporative Dewatering in Impulse Pressing,’ TAPPI & PIMA Solutions , no. 2, pp 26-32, 2003 Almqvist, P. “Gasturbiner I Sverige” Mekanisten, SMR, No 2, pp 26-27, 2003 Laumert, B. “Abstract – CFD for Flutter in Gas Turbines” Mekanistkonferensen,Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, 2003 Navarathna N., Fedulov V., Martin. A., Fransson T.H. "Design of a Remotely-Controlled Laboratory Exercise in Aerodynamics" J. Mekanisten (Svenska Mekanisters Riksforening), No. 2, p.58-59, 2003 Savola, T.; Salomón, M.; Fridh, J. Efficient Technologies for Small-scale CHP Process using Biofuels. EuroHeat and Power. English Edition II/2003, pp 24-29. November 2003.

Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J., Fransson, T., Järås, S. Poster: ”Experimental Investigation of High Pressure Catalytic Combustion of Methane” 16th Event of The Italian Section of the Combustion Institute, September 2003, Ischia, Italy Allegret-Bourdon, D., Fransson, T. H. ”Study of Shock Movement and Unsteady Pressure on 2D Generic Model'' ISUAAAT 2003 Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, September 2003 Jayasuriya, J., Fredriksson, J., Fransson, T., Ersson, A., Järås, S. Poster: ”High Pressure Catalytic Combustion of Methane An Experimental Investigation of Pd Based Catalysts under Modern Gas Turbine Operating Conditions” EuropaCat VI, August 2003, Innsbruck, Austria. Poster no:B3:115 Fransson, T., Bron, O., Allegret-Bourdon, D. ”Experimental and numerical study of non-linear interactions in transonic nozzle flow” Minnowbrook Workshop, Augusti 2003 Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J., Fransson, T., Järås, S. ”Catalytic Combustion Developments for Ultra Low Emission Gas Turbine Combustion” 7th International Conference on Energy for Clean Environment, Clean Air2003, July, Lissabon Portugal Muhammad, M., Fransson, T.H., “Numerical investigation of unsteady flow field in vibrating compressor cascade” Presented at the GTC program conference, LTH, Lund, November 19-20, 2003.

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Department of Energy Technology

Salomón, M., Fransson, T. H., Savola, T., Fogelholm. C-J. ”Cogeneration and trigenaration i small-scale biomass plants: State-of-the-art and advanced concepts ECOS 2003, June 30-July 2, Copenhagen, Denmark Salomón, M., Fridh, J., Kessar, A., Fransson, T. H. ”Gas Turbine Simulations in the Computerized Educational Program CompEduHPT: Three Case Studies ASME Turboexpo 2003, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, GT2003-38165 Salomón, M., Fridh, J., Kessar, A., Fransson, T. H. ”Gas Turbine Simulations in the Computerized Educational Program CompEduHPT: Educational Aspects ASME Turboexpo 2003, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, GT2003-38164 Petrov, M.P., Stenhede, T., Martin, A.R., Hunyadi, L. "Hybrid Dual-Fuel Combined Cycles for Small-Scale Applications with Internal Combustion Engines", ASME International Joint Power Generation Conference, Atlanta GA, USA, June 16-19, 2003. Kielb, R. E., Barter, J., Chernysheva, O. V., and Fransson T. H. ”Flutter of low pressure turbine blades with cycle symmetry modes - a preliminary design method” ASME/IGTI Turbo Expo, June 16- 19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. GT-2003-38694 Chernysheva, O. V., Fransson, T. H., Kielb, R. E., Barter, J. “Effect of sectored mode shape variation on the aerodynamic stability of the turbine sectored vane”, Turbo Expo Conference, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. GT2003-38632, Chernysheva, O. V., Fransson, T. H., Kielb, R. E., Barter, J. “Influence of a vibration amplitude distribution on the aerodynamic stability of a low-pressure turbine sectored vane” 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Durham, USA, 2003

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Kielb, R. E., Barter, J., Chernysheva, O. V., Fransson, T. H. “Flutter design of low pressure turbine blades with cyclic symmetric modes” 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Durham, USA, 2003 Jöcker, M.; Kessar, A.; Kahl, G.; Rehder, H.-J.; Fransson, T ”Comparison of Models to Predict Low Engine Order Excitation in a High-Pressure Turbine Stage”; 10th International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics, Aeroacoustics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Durham, NC, USA, September 7-11, 2003 Myhre, M., Moyroud, F., Fransson, T. H. "Numerical investigation of the sensitivity of forced response characteristics of bladed disks to mistuning" ASME/IGTI Turbo Expo, June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, paper number GT2003-38007 2003 Kazachkov, Ivan V., Fransson, Torsten H., Salomón, M., and Kalion V., “An interactive teaching and learning platform for numerical methods in gas turbine” 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada 6 - 9 Jan 2003 AIAA 2003-943 Faltin, N., Böhne,A., Tuttas, J., Gillet, D., Hesselink, L., Navarathna, N. ”Building Remote Laboratories for Education (Workshop)” International Conference on Engineering Education July 21-25, 2003, Valencia. Spain Jayasuriya, J., Ersson, A., Fredriksson, J., Fransson, T., Järås, S. ”Experimental Investigations of High Pressure Catalytic Combustion of Methane” Meeting of The Scandinavian-Nordic and Italian Sections of The Combustion Institute, 2003 Laumert, B., Mårtensson, H., Fransson, T.H. ”Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines” Stockholm First international Conference on Military Technology, July 10-11, 2003

Department of Energy Technology

Kazachkov, I. ”About Localization of Heating in Granular Layer with Internal Heat Generation” 4th Baltic Heat Transfer Conference, Kaunas, Lithuania, August 2527, 2003 Bron, O., Fransson, T., Ferrand, P., Atassi, H. ”Experimental and numerical study of non-linear interactions in transonic nozzle flow” ISUAAAT, Duke University, USA, September 7-11, 2003 Kazachkov, I., Palm B. “Analysis of Annular Two-phase Flow Dynamics under Heat Transfer Conditions” J. of Enhanced Heat Transfer, Accepted, 1-29pp., 2003. Kazachkov, I., “Modeling the drop oscillation over hot plate” Proceedings of MATLAB conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 22-24, 2003. Kazachkov, I., Kalion V., “Numerical continuum mechanics” Lecture notes, KTH, Vol. 2, 347pp., 2003. Division of Reactor Technology

E. Grindon, M. L. Ang, M. Kulig, M. Slootman, H. Löffler, G. Horvath, A. Bujan, W. Frid, W. Cholewa, M. Khatib-Rahbar A rapid response source term indicator based on plant status for use in emergency response, Proceedings of FISA 2003-EU research in reactor safety, European Commission, Luxemburg, 10-13 November 2003. F. D´Auria, F. Reventos, A. Sjöberg, O. Sandervåg, C. Ahnert, G. Verdu, J. Macek, K. Ivanov, Rizwanj Uddin, E. Sartori, W. Frid, D. Panayotov Revisiting critical issues in nuclear reactor design/safety by using 3-D neutronics/tthermalhydraulics models: state-of-theart, Proceedings of FISA 2003-EU research in reactor safety, European Commission, Luxemburg, 10-13 November 2003. Bednarski M., Cholewa W., Frid W., The sensitivity analysis of Bayesian Networks, Proceedings of AI-METH 2003 – Artificial

Intelligence Methods, November 5–7, 2003, Gliwice, Polen. Cronhiort, B., Mörner, N-A., Sjöberg R. "Dry Rock Deposit Argued in Favor of Wet Deep Disposal", Proc. of the 10th Intl. High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, March 30-April 3, 2003, Las Vegas, NV, USA. American Nuclear Society, 2003. Division of Applied Refrigeration

Thermodynamics

and

Sakellari, D, Lundqvist, P Influence of the Design Criteria on the Operation of a Domestic Heat Pump Heating System.Int. Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington, D.C. Witharana, S. An investigation into UA-Value of a Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger Evaporator at Zero and Low Superheats Trita REFR Report 03/34 Witharana, S. A superheat heat exchanger to improve evaporator performance Trita REFR Report 03/35 Witharana, S. The potential for using porous coating as a mean to augment boiling heat transfer coefficient Trita REFR Report 03/36 Melinder, Å. Comparing Properties of a Aqueous Solutions for Liquid only ad Ice Slurry Application of Indirect Systems Int. Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington D.C Witharana, S. Micro-Engineered Surface Enhancement Technique for High Performance Heat Exchangers HEFAT2003, 2nd Int. Conf on Heat Transfer, fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Victoria Falls Zambia, June 2003 Witharana, S. Enhanced Surfaces: A Literature Review Trita REFR Report No 03/38 Claesson, J., Afgani, M., Palm, B.

43

Department of Energy Technology

Influence of Large Brine Temperature Difference in a Compact Brazed Evaporator with Low Overall Heat Flux Eurotherm seminar no 72, Valencia, Spain, 2003

Kjaerboe P och Khodabandeh S Phase Change of Water in roofs momentarily decrease Power for Heating. HVAC in Cold Climates. Trondheim, 2003.

Sakellari, D., Lundqvist, P. Modelling and Simulation Results from the Operation of a Domestic Heat Pump Heating System Eurotherm seminar no 72, Valencia, Spain, 2003

Kjaerboe P och Abdel-Aziz Freezing of water to snow for heating of air. HVAC in Cold Climates. Trondheim, 2003.

Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P. Natural Working Fluids for a Solar-Driven Ejector Refrigeration System Eurotherm seminar no 72, pp 431436, Valencia, Spain, 2003

Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P. Technical Options for a Solar-Driven Cooling System ISES Solar World Congress 2003, Solar Energy for a Sustainable Future, Göteborg, 2003

Björk, E., Setiawan, A., Palm, B. Air Side Heat Transfer of a Domestic Refrigerator Plate-Type Evaporator Eurotherm Seminar No 72 Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer of Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps, Valencia, Spain,, 2003

Nemariam, T. Modelling and Simulation of Absorption Solar Air Conditioning System for Assab, Eritrea ISES Solar World Congress 2003, Solar Energy for a sustainable Future, Göteborg, 2003

Owhaib, W., Palm, B. Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Vertical Circular MicroChannel Tube Eurotherm Seminar No 72 Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer of Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps, Valencia, Spain, pp 81-85, 2003 Khodabandeh, R. Pressure drop in Riser and Evaporator in an Advanced Two-Phase Thermosyphon Loop Eurotherm Seminar No 72 Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer of Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps, Valencia, Spain, pp 423-429, 2003 (saknas) Kjaerboe P och Södergren D Var försiktig vid användning av specifik värmeförbrukning. VVS-tidningen, energi och miljö. Sthlm, nr 9, 2003. Kjaerboe P Böjd reglerkurva sparar energi. Energimagasinet nr 3,2003. Halmstad. Kjaerboe P Ventilationen kan styras med sol. Energimagasinet nr 5,2003. Halmstad.

44

Pridasawas, W., Lundqvist, P Feasibility and Efficiency of Solar-Driven Refrigeration Systems Int. Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington D.C Pridasawas, W. Lundqvist, P. A year-round Simulation of a Solar-driven Ejector Refrigeration System, ISSN 0854-9346 Int. Conference on Fluid and Thermal Energy Conversion, 2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003 Nemariam, T, Lundqvist, P. Modelling and Simulation of Absorption Solar Cooling System for Modernized old Buildning in Eritrea Int. Conf on Fluid and Thermal Energy Conversion 2003, Bali Indonesia, 2003 Melinder, Å. Comparing Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Only and Ice Slurry Secondary Fluids Proceeding of Int. Conf on Fluid and Thermal Energy Conversion 2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003 Melinder, Å. Update on Indirect Systems and Secondary Fluids with Focus on Supermarket Refrigeration Proceeding of Int. Conf. on Fluid and Thermal Energy Conversion 2003, Bali, Indonesia, 2003

Department of Energy Technology

Owhaib, W., Claudi Martin-Callizo, C., Palm, B. Evaporative Heat Transfer in Vertical Circular MicroChannel 8th UK National Heat Transfer Conference, Oxford, 2003 Claesson, J., Simanic, B. Pressure drop and Visualization of Adiabatic R134a Two-Phase Flow Inside a Chevron Type Plate Heat Exchanger 21st Int. Congress of Refrigeration, IIR/IIF Washington D.C, USA, paper ICR314 Claesson, J. Palm, B Performance of a Compact Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger Evaporator Run in Co-Current and Counter-Current Proceeding 5th Int. Conf on Boiling Heat Transfer, Montego Bay, Jamaica May 5-8 Session VIII; Heat Transfer and Heater Characteristics, third paper Khodabandeh, R. Influence of Channel Diameter on Boiling Heat Transfer in a Closed Advanced Two-Phase Thermosyphon Loop 5th Int. Conf on Boiling Heat Transfer, Montego Bay Jamaica, 2003

Hägg, C. Villavärmepump med liten köldmediefyllning Energi & miljö Nr 4 pp 14-15 Jonsson, H. Kyltekniska ingenjörer från KTH ScanRef nr 4, pp 34-36 Nowacki, J-E. Små enrums värmepumpars effektivitet ScanRef nr 6, pp 31 Lundqvist, P., Palm, B. Vad pågår på KTH Kylteknik? ScanRef nr 6 , pp 36-37 Forsén, M. Prestige – värmepumpbranschens gemensamma beräkningsprogram Kyla nr 6, pp 26-27 Södergren, D. Ett bostadshus av trä med energisnåla installationer

Nowacki, J-E., Palm, B. Refrigeration Accident Analysis Int. Congress of Refrigeration 2003, Washington D.C Fernando, P., Palm, B. Granryd, E., Andersson, K. Mini-Channel Aluminium Heat Exchangers with Small Inside Volumes Int. Congress of Refrigeration, Washington D.C, 2003 Khodabandeh, R., Palm, B. “Choosing Working Fluid for Two Phase Thermosyphon System for Cooling of Electronic” Transactions of the ASME Journal of Electronic Packaging, June 2003, pp 276-281 Fernando, P., Han, H., Palm, B, Granryd, E., Lundqvist, P. The Solubility of Propane (R290) with Commonly Used Compressor Lubrication Oils IMECHE Conf Transactions 2003-4, Prof. Eng. Publ ISSN 1356-1448 Melinder, Å. Ice-slurry som köldbärare Energi & miljö Nr 4 pp 10-11

45

Department of Energy Technology

Sources of funding kSEK

Division/Sources EGI KTH, Education KTH, Research education STEM and various gov. org EU Industry/other Total

46

KTH

EBS ETT ERT EKV EKS Total EnergiCenter 11 465 - 11 465 1 095 105 3 549 165 4 358 2 287 695 12 254 319 337

1 191 234

12 761 3 329 1 187

1 341 11 566 495 3156 1 536 1 883

13 216

1 530

20 826

3 537

-

20 963

7 989 1 387 870 12 533

- 35 167 8 367 6 047 695

73 300

Department of Energy Technology

Finances Revenues, kSEK Grants for Master degree education Grants for Postgraduate education and research Other grants Educational assignments Research assignments Fees External grants Internal

2001 6 228 11 564 0 220 213 843 43 991 2 244 65 303

2002 9 008 11 112 0 -51 22 1 516 45 514 3 267 70 388

2003 11 465 12 254 0 30 708 303 47 789 751 73 300

Grants for Grants for Fees External g Internal

64%

Expenditures, kSEK Staff Cost of premises Operating cost Depreciation Interests Common overhead cost (HSG)

2001 30 185 8 482 18 078 3 140 991 8 388 69 264

2002 34 628 8 250 13 222 3 028 1 411 8 997 69 536

2003 37 347 8 431 12 908 2 358 750 10 021 71 815

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Department of Energy Technology

Personnel

Personnel

2000

2001

2002

2003

Professors Scientific and engineering staff - without PhD degree - with PhD degree Graduate students Administrative staff Technical staff Total

5 (4,65) 20 (19,6)

5 (3,19) 26 (18,95)

50 (49,4) 15 (14.6) 10 (10,0) 100 (98,25)

48 (38,59) 15 (14,06) 13 (12,16) 107 (86,95)

4 (2,95) 28 (20,27) 10 (6,36) 18 (13,91) 48 (39,76) 18 (14,73) 11 (10,33) 109 (88,04)

4 (2,8) 29 (21,92) 11 (6,88) 18 (15,04) 44 (40,93) 17 (15,48) 11 (9,5) 105 (90,63)

( ) = Full time employees for the whole year

Personnel 2003

16% 42%

10%

4% 28%

48

Graduate students Scientific staff Professors Technical staff Administrative staff

Department of Energy Technology

Administration

Ann Brånth, Ann-Louise Larsson, Inga Du Rietz, Iréne Beer, Victoria Nilsson, Ulla Wahlgren, Mona Peterson Susy Mathew, Peter Nordén, Catharina Lenneryd, Florin Manolescu Present but not in picture: Kajsa Bergman, Birger Söderström, Tony Chapman

Contact persons at EGI Name

Title/Div.

Telephone

E-mail

Torsten Fransson Wiktor Frid Hans Jonsson Catharina Lenneryd Per Lundqvist Ivo Martinac Peter Nordén Björn Palm Bal Raj Sehgal

Professor/EKV, GTC Visting professor/ERT Director of studies/EGI Head of Economy/EGI Associate professor/ETT University Lecturer/EBS Head of Administration/EGI Associate professor/ETT Professor /EKS

+46 8 790 7475 +46 8 790 7482 +46 8 790 7426 +46 8 790 7672 +46 8 790 7452 +46 8 790 6884 +46 8 790 9419 +46 8 790 7453 +46 8 790 9252

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

49

Department of Energy Technology

KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HÖGSKOLAN Department of Energy Technology Brinellvägen 60, SE-100 44 Stockhom, Sweden http://www.energy.kth.se Tel: +46 790 60 00, Fax: +46 8 20 41 61

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