Defining water sensitive urban landscapes for developing countries Individual postdoc research proposal

Ole Fryd Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning University of Copenhagen

Researchers’ Day Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation GEUS, 7 October 2010 Slide 1

Denmark, 15 August 2010 Slide 2

Photo: Jens Dresling, politiken.dk

Pakistan, 8 August 2010 Slide 3

http://my.opera.com/ashjahaider/blog/

Precipitation intensity

(IPCC, 2008) Model simulation. 2080–2099 relative to 1980–1999 for the A1B scenario. Slide 4

Creating synergy

Slide 5

The urban drainage challenge in Denmark • • •

Urban flooding Need to increase drainage capacity by ~30 % during the next 100 years1 Sewer investment needs ~$15 billion USD over the next 30 years2

? Slide 6

Ref.: (1) Arnbjerg-Nielsen, 2008. (2) Rambøll, 2008

How to increase the urban stormwater drainage capacity?

Sewer based solutions?

Slide 7

Landscape based solutions?

© Photos by Marina Bergen Jensen

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)

Engineering

Chemistry

Planning Hydrology

Sociology Land.arch Biology Economy Slide 8

Complexity of SUDS retrofits • Multiple stakeholders • Not 150 years of experience as conventional systems • Not 150 years of professional/technical/institutional evolution • Not business-as-usual • No design standards • No text book designs • No advanced models • Technical uncertainties • Institutional uncertainties • Challenging legislation – Property rights – Distribution of responsibility – Financing

Slide 9

Global sanitation crisis

Slide 10

(Lanz et al., 2006)

Global sanitation crisis

900 million people lack access to improved water supply 2.6 billion people lack access to improved sanitation

'... we agree to halve, by the year 2015, the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water and the proportion of people who do not have access to basic sanitation.' (World Summit on Sustainable Development, Plan of Implementation, 2002)

Slide 11

(Lanz et al., 2006)

Status on UN MDGs, 2010

Slide 12

(UN, MDG Report 2010)

Global population trends

• the world’s urban population will almost double to 3 billion people • 95% of the urban growth will be in less and least developed countries • in sub-Saharan Africa, urbanization is virtually synonymous with slum growth Slide 13

Provision of sanitatary infrastructure

(WHO/UNICEF, 2000) Slide 14

Linear or circular urban metabolism?

(Lange and Otterpohl, 1997) Slide 15

Inherent water sensitive urban landscapes

Lilongwe, Malawi

Slide 16

Douala, Cameroon

Creating synergy

Slide 17

Denmark

Tanzania

40-150 year old cities and sewer systems

New and emerging cities

Slow urban transformation (e.g., industry to residential)

Rapid urban growth

Energy intensive manmade sewer systems

Natural drainage systems relying on physical and biological processes

Strong public sector controlling urban development

Largely unplanned, actor driven development

Driver for change: Limited sewer capacity exacerbated by climate change

Driver for change: Urbanisation, herein social, environmental and economic challenges

Initial solutions: Aiming at collaborative planning practice

Initial solutions: Ad hoc and socially segregated.

Limited municipal budget

Limited municipal budget

Tame Problems

Traditional wisdom for solving complex problems: the “waterfall”

Slide 18

(Conklin, 2005)

Wicked Problems

Pattern of cognitive activity of one actor - the “jagged” line

Slide 19

(Conklin, 2005)

Wicked Problems

A wicked project with a second actor working on the problem

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(Conklin, 2005)

Wicked Problems -

require exploration, new discoveries and adjustments

-

are essentially unique and open ended, and have no given alternative solutions (Conklin, 2005)

-

there is no definitive statement of the problem. Rather there might be broad disagreement on what the problem is (Roberts, 2000)

-

in order to tackle wicked problems, actors must be capable of interacting with each other and learning their way out of problems (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007)

-

there is a need to get ‘the whole system in the room’

(Uhl-Bien et

al., 2007)

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(Roberts, 2000)

Mastercase approach

Mastercase A wicked project with a second designer working on the problem

Slide 22

(Tauw, 2006) (Conklin, 2005)

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Odense Mastercase – confronting complexity of SUDS -

Initiated by Marina Bergen Jensen, University of Copenhagen

-

3 universities -

-

Water quantity

City of Odense -

-

Aarhus University (1) Technical University of Denmark (3) University of Copenhagen (6)

Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.

of of of of of of

Environment (1) Groundwater (1) Parks and Nature (1) Traffic and Civil Works (1) Urban Planning (1) Business and Urban Development (1)

Odense Water Utility -

Slide 24

Dept. of Water Supply (1) Dept. of Water Treatment (2) Dept. of Urban Drainage (2)

Water quality

Sociocultural values

Odense Mastercase – confronting complexity of SUDS -

Initiated by Marina Bergen Jensen, University of Copenhagen

-

3 universities -

-

Water quantity

City of Odense -

-

Aarhus University (1) Technical University of Denmark (3) University of Copenhagen (6)

Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept. Dept.

of of of of of of

Environment (1) Groundwater (1) Parks and Nature (1) Traffic and Civil Works (1) Urban Planning (1) Business and Urban Development (1)

Odense Water Utility -

Slide 25

Dept. of Water Supply (1) Dept. of Water Treatment (2) Dept. of Urban Drainage (2)

Water quality

Sociocultural values

Practitioner’s Workshop -

Initiated by Marina Bergen Jensen, University of Copenhagen

-

3 universities -

-

-

Aarhus University (1) Technical University of Denmark (3) University of Copenhagen (6)

City of Odense

Water - Water Dept. of Environment (1) quantity quality - Dept. of Groundwater (1) Joint presentation - Dept. of Parks and Nature (1) for high ranking officials Socio- Dept. of Traffic and Civil Works (1) and decision makers cultural - Dept. of Urban Planning (1) values - Dept. of Business and Urban Development (1)

Impact survey

Odense Water Utility Ltd. -

Dept. of Water Supply (1) Dept. of Environment (2) Dept. of Urban Drainage (2) monitoring

1 month

2 months

3 months

4 months

5 months

2 years time

Slide 26

Impact survey – 1½ years later

Importance of collaboration

(Fryd et al., 2010) Slide 27

Impact survey – 1½ years later

Effect of Mastercase in improving collaboration

(Fryd et al., 2010) Slide 28

Objectives 1) to examine the potential of a Mastercase as tool to develop appropriate, integrated solutions and practices responding to the local capacity and the urgency and scale of urbanisation in Dar es Salaam, and 2) to generate technological and institutional innovations that can foster a new perspective on integrated planning and design of landscape based stormwater management systems in Denmark.

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Problem area

Water & sanitation

Climate change

Case

Urbanisation

Slide 30

Water & sanitation

Climate change

Case

Urbanisation

Slide 31

Government officials

Researchers

Case

Community

Slide 32

Academic

Public

Case

Private

Slide 33

Urban planning & design

Environmental engineering

Case

Management / governance

Slide 34

Luisi

Dar es Salaam, TZ

Ubungu

Kinondoni Municipality, A7 transect

Slide 35

Magomeni

1 researcher 1 official

1 researcher 1 official Urban planning & design

Environmental engineering

Water & sanitation

Urbanisation

3 cases

3 x 2 community representatives Wicked problem

Management / governance 1 researcher 1 official Slide 36

Schedule

1st workshop (full day)

2nd workshop (half day)

3rd workshop (half day)

4th workshop (half day)

Presentation for Lord Mayor

-Case visit

-Disciplinary presentations

-1st draft

-2nd draft

-Final draft

-Problems? -Solutions?

-Problems? -Solutions?

-Problems? -Solutions?

-Problems? -Solutions?

-Problems? -Solutions?

weeks

0

1 Weekly joint workday Slide 37

2

months

Schedule Dissemination, discussion and elaboration of findings Summer 2011: Autumn 2011: Spring 2012: Autumn 2012:

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National symposium, Tanzania Regional conference, Southern Africa National workshop, Denmark International conference, South Korea

Networks

KU-LIFE • •

http://sl.life.ku.dk Contact: Marina Bergen Jensen

Ardhi University • •

www.aru.ac.tz Contact: Wilbard Kombe

SACCNet • • •

www.saccnet.org Southern Africa Climate Change Network Contact: Miriam Feilberg, Danish Water Forum

Water in Urban Areas • • • •

•

CLUVA • • • •

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www.vandibyer.dk 70+ public, private and academic partners in Denmark Budget: 100 mio. DKK Funding: Danish Council for Strategic Research & Danish Council for Technology and Innovation Contact: Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, DTU

Climate Change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa Budget: 3.5 mio. EUR Funding: EU FP7 Contact: Gertrud Jørgensen, KU-LIFE

References Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. (2008). Forventede ændringer i ekstremregn som følge af klimaændringer. Spildevandskomiteen, Skrift nr. 29, IDA Spildevandskomiteen, Danish Society of Engineers, Copenhagen. (in Danish) Conklin, J. (2005). Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. Fryd, O., Jensen, M.B., Ingvertsen, S.T., Jeppesen, J. and Magid, J. (2010). Doing the First Loop of Planning Sustainable Urban Drainage System Retrofits – a Case Study from Odense, Denmark. Urban Water Journal. (in press) IPPC (2008). Bates, B.C., Z.W. Kundzewicz, S. Wu and J.P. Palutikof (eds.). Climate Change and Water. Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva: IPCC Secretariat. Available online at http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/technical-papers/climate-change-wateren.pdf Lange, J. And Otterpohl, R. (1997). Abwasser – Handbuch zu einer zukunftsfähigen Wasserwirtschaft. Mall-Betton Verlag, Donaueschingen-Pfohren. Lanz, K., Müller, L., Rentsch, C., Schwarzenbach, R. (eds.) (2006).Who owns the water? Lars Müller Publishers, Baden. Rambøll, (2008). Kommunernes investeringsbehov i forbindelse med klimatilpasning og veje. Local Government Denmark, Copenhagen. http://www.rambollmanagement.dk/news/~/media/Images/RM/RM%20DK%20and%20RM%20Group/PDF/Publicati ons/2009/KommunernesInvesteringsbehovIforbindelseMedKlimatilpasningOgVeje.ashx. (In Danish). Roberts, N., 2000.Wicked problems and network approaches to resolution. International Public Management Review, 1 (1), 1-19. Tauw (2006). Tauw Mastercase (online). Tauw, Deventer. Available from: www.tauw.nl/dsc?c=getobject&s=obj&!sessionid=1@OqKIX@l!dtD8XH5Wf8xG1nmb5WBRDacKa 19bs5WzcZ!js3tW8jhb9oWMdxXGwq&objectid=15901&!dsname=tauwextern&isapidir=/gvisapi/ Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R. and McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era. The Leadership Quarterly 18, 298–318. United Nations (2010). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010. United Nations, New York. WHO/UNICEF (2000). Global water supply and sanitation assessment 2000 report. WHO, Geneva.

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Thank you for your attention! Ole Fryd [email protected]

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