Cyberstar Scintillation Detectors Avalanche Phot

de (A he P ower tecto Cybe r Scin o Dio Dete Gas G ho PD c B rs r d t che P Gas Blo to Diode lower Cy e (APD) D Cybersta ) Detect star Scint tors Gas ...
Author: Bruce Reeves
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Diod lyser Cyb (APD) De berstar S etectors Scintillat Gas Blo ion cin e( er au ot te ly G oto D e Analys o Diode ( ser Cybe APD) Det star Scint ctors Ga tillation D as Blowe Detec rst er AP illa ec sB rC et io ser C de (APD) Cybersta D) Detec ar Scintill tors Gas tion Dete lower C ectors A ybers at yb va r Scin c to D yb B tillatio rs Gas B ion Detec lower C tors Ava erstar Sc lanche ) Det erstar S etectors lan yb cin ec to in n G lo cintill tors Gas tillation D as Blowe Detector wer Cyb rs Avala erstar Sc che Pho tillation to nc ers int ati s r e B as B on Detec lower Cy tectors A Cybersta Avalanch tar Scint he Photo illation De Diode ( low rS illa to e be va te D etect er Cybe rs Avalan rstar Sci lanche P cintillatio Photo Dio tion Dete iode (AP ctors A D) rs n nt or h c c d ybers s Avalan tar Scintil he Photo illation De oto Diode Detectors e (APD) D tors Aval Detect an lati ch ta te D et (A A anch r Scintilla e Photo D on Detec iode (APD ctors Av PD) Dete valanche ectors G che Ph ala tion eP tor ct as )D io P lation hoto Dio Detecto de (APD) s Avalan etectors nche Pho ors Gas hoto Diod Blowe B de (A c r t D e D PD) D s Avalan etectors he Photo Gas Blow o Diode ( lower Cy (APD) de (A etectors c A ber er Dio he ete PD PD Ga Av Avala ) Detecto alanche ctors Ga Photo Di s Blowe de (APD Cybersta ) Detecto star S r )D P o r n s r r tors che Phot s Gas Bl hoto Diod Blower de (APD) Cybersta etectors Scintillati s Gas o o C r o D G e n oto D as Blowe Diode (A wer Cyb (APD) D yberstar etectors Scintillati Gas Blow Detec on er e S P iode e r G (APD Cyberst D) Detec star Scin tectors G cintillation as Blow Detecto r Bent wer to ti e ar Sc ) De r Cyb a intilla rs Gas B llation De s Blower Detector r Bent C s Avalan APD erstar Sc tectors s A tion ryst tect low Be )D G i ar Sc etectors ntillation as Blowe Detector er Bent ors Aval nt Cryst valanche al Laue a De a s Av in C r Be P G alanc rystal La nche Pho l Laue An hoto Di nt Cr s Ga tillation D as Blow tectors al ys u h to A et er B s ent C valanche tal Laue e Photo D e Analyse Diode (A yser Cyb Dete Blower B ectors A Anal r ryst Pho P iode vala cto en (APD Cybersta D) Detec Bent rs Avalan t Crystal nche Ph al Laue A to Diode yser Cyb r Sci ) De er ot La na (A C c valan rystal La he Photo ue Analy o Diode ( lyser Cy PD) Dete star Scin tectors G ntillatio tilla ue AP ser be ch cto as Di Laue e Photo D Analyser ode (APD Cyberst D) Detec rstar Scin rs Gas tion Dete Blowe to B ar ct C ti ) A i to Di nalyser C ode (APD yberstar Detector Scintillat rs Gas B llation De lower Cyb ors Av s Ga ode Sci io t )D l yb s Blo n Detect ower Cyb ectors A erstar S Cybe (APD) D erstar Sc etectors ntillation val we or er D e Dete rstar Scin tectors intillation Gas Blow etectors r Cybers s Avalan star Scin anche P tilla che cto De tar Ga tilla er A ntillat rs Gas B tion Dete s Blower tectors A Cybersta valanche Scintillati Photo D tion De on P io io C r lo v c Blow n Detect wer Cyb tors Ava yberstar alanche P Scintillati hoto Diod Detecto de (AP on or er la S er rs A h e valan ors A Cyberst s Avalan star Scin nche Pho cintillation oto Diod Detecto (APD) D e tillatio e ar Sc che P r to Di s t valan D e ( A e c Avala PD) tect tors od int nD ho ch tar S cintill e Photo illation De to Diode etectors e (APD) D ors Avala Detector nche Ph G s a o te D e ( n he P hoto tion Dete iode (AP ctors Av APD) Det Avalanch tectors G che Pho Gas Blo to we cto to D) ec eP Di al a on D etect ode (APD rs Avala Detector anche Ph tors Gas hoto Dio s Blower Diode (A r PD s nc or ot de )D B C de (A PD) D s Avalan etectors he Photo Gas Blow o Diode ( lower Cy (APD) D yberstar ) D che AP Sc ete be er Di et G Avala nche ectors G Photo D as Blowe ode (APD Cyberst D) Detec rstar Scin ctors Ga in tor ar ors G as io r )D til P s as B hoto Diod Blower de (APD) Cybersta etectors Scintillati s Gas B lation De B lo te lo o C r o Dio D e de (A wer Cyb (APD) D yberstar etectors Scintillati Gas Blow n Detecto wer Ben ct on D t Gas Cybe PD) Det erstar S etectors Scintilla etect er Bent rs Avalan Cry B l o t c e r i o s w i c ntill C Ga o tar n De c to Dete tecto er Bent C rs Avala rystal La he P ctors Scintillat rs Gas B ation Det s Blower n u rs A che e An ryst ion ect low Be G intilla tion D as Blowe Detector er Bent ors Avala nt Crysta valanche al Laue A Photo Di a od s na C r P l n e Gas Blow tectors A Bent Cry Avalanch rystal Lau che Phot Laue Ana hoto Diod lyser Cyb e er B o Dio stal L lyser e An e Ph e (AP erst valan ector en aly ot de C au D c s

Cyberstar Scintillation Detectors Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) Detectors Bent Crystal Laue Analysers Gas Blower

Ga ode ( ors G AP on D te ta berst c A e as B r Scintilla D) Detec ctors Av s Blower he Photo o Dio ar Scintill PD) Det tectors l a tio ower C to la ec at Av d Bent n Detect rs Gas B nche Ph yberstar rstar e (APD) D ion Detec tors Gas alanche S o o Crys Phot Scint tors etect Blow tal La rs Avalan lower Cy to Diode o i o A l e l lowe a D r Be tion Dete rs Gas B valanche r Cyberst iode (AP ue Analy che Pho berstar S (A ser C n to Di l cint a P D) De o ctors t Cry che P r Scin wer hoto o y d s t b C e D h t A t e e a i c oto D lla ybers Heads v io r l Lau ( t Cyberstar e An alanchDetector iode Scintillation tar S de (APD tion Dete ors Gas star Scint APD) e P a )D ci (APDcan be used ill B c hoto eraCvariety Scintillation detectors of ) Det lyson Diod ntillation D etectors tors Ava lower Be ation D y b e e e la rstar n e experiments including diffractionctand orsreflectometry. Scint (APD) De tectors Gas Blow nche Pho t Cryst G a s A illatio t With over 300 FMB Oxford systems installed worldwide e Blow n De ectors G valanche r Cybers to Diode e they are the detector of choice for many of the worlds r Ben as B tar Ph t Cry tectors stal L Avala lower C oto Diode Scintill synchrotron beamlines. yb aue A n ( nalys che Phot erstar Sc APD) D A complete System consists of a detector head (that o er Cy i berst Diode (A ntillation contains the scintillator crystal, photomultiplier tube, and P ar Sc preamplifier) and pulse processing unit; both of which are intilla D) Detec tion D available from FMB Oxford in various varieties to match etec your specific experiment.

Scintillation Detectors

The scintillation crystal inside the detector absorbs X-rays and produces visible photons. This crystal is optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube, which converts the light into an electronic signal; the amplitude of which is dependant on the incident X-ray intensity. The signal is then pre-amplified before being transferred to the processing unit. FMB offer a range of crystal types, thicknesses and body sizes allowing you to match your efficiency, resolution, speed and integration requirements.

Crystals FMB Oxford offer three types of scintillation crystal: NaI(TI) YAP and LaCI3. Which one you decide to use is a compromise between count rate and energy resolution. Light pulses from a YAP decay very quickly compared to NaI(TI), so it offers faster count rates. However when it comes to stringent high energy resolution requirements, NaI would be the scintillator of choice. LaCI3 offers a compromise between the two parameters. Crystal

Minimum energy

Max Count rate/sec

Energy 5keV

Resolution 22keV

Energy Range

Window

NaI(TI) LaCl3

1.5 keV

1M

65%

30%

5-100 keV

200 µm Be

1.5 keV

2.5M

70%

25%

5-100 keV

200 µm Be

YAP

5-6 keV

3.5M

100%

45%

10-100 keV

70 µm Conducting Polymer

Bodies C12

C17 144.0

∅11.0 ID ∅17.0 OD

∅6.7 ID ∅12.5 OD

C25

∅15.0 ID ∅25.0 OD FMB Oxford Datasheet

164.0

128.0

C48

138

∅ 32.0 ID ∅ 48.0 OD

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Detectors - Ver. 1 - Aug 2009

D) Bl Sc n to e e P Crys tal La rs Avala ower Cy hoto Dio intillation Detector r Cybers Diode (AP tillation D t t e b n s a d u D D t Diod e c e (AP e Analyse he Phot rstar Sci e (APD) D etectors Gas Blo r Scintilla ) Detecto e o t w n D ion D r r Scint e Avala er B etect s illatio ) Detecto Cybersta Diode (AP tillation D tectors e n n c t h G e C et n o r r D APD ) Det Detector s Gas Bl Scintillati ) Detect ectors A as Blowe Photo Dio rystal Lau rs ors G owe on D s A rC va e d tillatio ectors as B lanche P yberstar e (APD) D An n De C48V Gas B valanche r Bent C etectors C147 lowe ho Scint etec tec ry P4.7 lo A Dete i Cybe to Diod140.0 l l a ctors tors Ava wer Cyb hoto Diod stal Laue valanche r87.0 t i on D e (AP rst e la A e Dete ctors Gas Blow nche Ph rstar Scin (APD) D nalyser C Photo Dio ar Scintilla D) Detec et oto ete tilla tor de er tio yb A tal La ue A valanche Cyberst Diode (A tion Dete ctors Ga erstar Sc (APD) D n Detecto s e a Sc na c s P intilla P e (AP er CyID hoto Dio r10.0 i137.9 tion D tectors G rs ntillat D) Detec tors Ava Blower D) De lys∅17.0 berst d l B t i tec o lation ar Sc e (APD) on Detec ors Gas anche Ph ent Crys etectors as B r s Dete tKF40 G D tors o t B inti A et c ∅55.0 as Dete Avala lower Cy to Diode al Laue A vala ctors tors Ava Blower llation De ectors G na nche b (A tec as Be lan G n De Phot erstar Sc PD) Dete lyse tecto as Blow che Pho nt Crysta tors Ava Blower o int c rsPreamplifier ctors Avala er Cyber to Diode l Laue A lanche P Cybersta Diode (AP illation D tors ctors Gas Blow nche Ph star Scin (APD) D nalyser C hoto Dio r Scintilla D) Detec etector oto ete tilla to de (A er t yb Avala PD) D ion Detec rs Gas nche Cyberst Diode (A tion Dete ctors Ga erstar50.0 S to ci e a c s Phot P o Dio r Scintilla D) Detec tors Ava Blower ntillation D tectors G rs Aval de (A55.0 tion D la B to as B e lowe PD) D etect rs Gas nche Pho ent Cryst tectors Blow A ors A a etect t v l o a L Diod lanc aue er C ors G va as B lanche P yberstar e (APD) D Analyser he lowe r Cy hoto Diod Scintillat etectors Cyb berst io ar Sc e (APD) D n Detec Gas B tors intilla e A tion D tectors Gas va etect Blo ors A C12, C17 and C25 all have an external Amplifier on a valan w short (≈125mm) flying lead, for the C48 and C147 the che 108.0

35.0

16.5

147.0

Scintillation Detectors

The C147 large area scintillation detector is developed for use with a Bent Crystal Laue Analyser (BCLA) and consists of two photomultipliers which allow for optimal solid angle positioning.

Preamplifier is built into the body

Pre-amplification settings for each Crystal Crystal

NaI(TI)

YAP

LaCI3

50 Ω

50 Ω

50 Ω

Bandwidth Gain

180 MHz

500 MHz

180 MHz

Slew rate

2000 V/µs

2000 V/µs

2000 V/µs

Output Impedance

Electronics Two processing modules are available; a single channel module and a five channel module.

Specifications CBY-2202 NIM Electronics module (single channel) Shaping amplifier Gain Shaping constants

Adjustment by front panel scroll keys 40, 100, 300, and 1000 ns adjustable by front panel scroll keys Baseline shift Negligible Pulse output 0-4 V (BNC - 50Ω) Single channel analyser Controls lower level Front panel mounted scroll keys upper level Front panel mounted scroll keys Outputs BNC, Positive TTL, 0.8-2 V into a 50Ω load (short circuit protected) Jumper selection for lower level, upper level, or window output High voltage power supply Output range 0-1250 V adjustable by front panel scroll key Output connector SHV high voltage socket on rear panel

FMB Oxford Datasheet

Display 2 LCDs each having 2 lines of 8 characters with backlight. Displays gain, shaping constant, lower level, upper level, and high voltage Miscellaneous Power req. +24 V, 120 mA; 12 V, 200 mA; -12 V, 20 mA; +6 V, 250 mA; -6 V, 150 mA Phototube preamp NIM standard, 9pin sub-D, female power connector on rear panel Head cable length 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m Computer control The RS232 communications port can be used to independently control phototube high voltage, preamplifier gain, single channel analyser lower and upper levels, and shaping constant. The standard cable lengths are 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m.

CBY-2206 NIM Electronics module (5 channel version) The specifications are identical to the CBY-2202, except that the module does not contain the high voltage supply. We recommend a dedicated HV PSU. The current consumption on the 6V rails is higher as follows: +6V, 1250mA; -6V, 750mA.

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Detectors - Ver. 1 - Aug 2009

Ga ode ( ors G AP on D te ta berst c A e as B r Scintilla D) Detec ctors Av s Blower he Photo o Dio ar Scintill PD) Det tectors l a tio ower C to la ec at Av d Bent n Detect rs Gas B nche Ph yberstar rstar e (APD) D ion Detec tors Gas alanche S o o Crys Phot Scint tors etect Blow tal La rs Avalan lower Cy to Diode o i o A l e l lowe a D r Be tion Dete rs Gas B valanche r Cyberst iode (AP ue Analy che Pho berstar S (A ser C n to Di l cint a P D) De o ctors t Cry che P r Scin wer hoto o y d s t b C e D h t A t e e a i c oto D ll ybers v iode rstar l Lau ( torsQuestions Cyberstar (APD ationAsked e An alanchDetectors iode Scintillation tar S - Frequently Scint APD) G D a e e s t P e a ) Det cintill (APD illatio Blow ctocount? hoto lyser together? rs Can I connect multiple How fast detectors e a will the ) Det detectors n ector Cybersta Diode (A tion Dete ctors Ga Avalanc er Bent C D P h s c r s r D e be affected e Ph to Scint Count rates Blow The RS232 protocol used permits a system experimental Gasto be installed oto D yst illatio ) Dwill tecto rsbyAthe e B v r l a o C l w a ybers as part of network of up to 16 detectors (including er iode n Dand rs Gbunch structure, n he however etecsynchrotron Beconditions as Bcountcrates t a P nttheory r h tors maximum S o other scintillation counters or the IC Plus Ion Chambers) in can be Crysthe following Avala lower C to Diode cintill ta through just one serial port on a host computer. Each expected: l Laue Analy nche Pho yberstar S (APD) D unit is assigned a unique address for communications. ser C to c NaI(Tl): 1Mcps ybers Diode (A intillation This is particularly common for powder diffraction tar S LaCl3: 2.5Mcps cintill PD) Dete experiments where large numbers of heads may be used c ation YAP: 3.5Mcps simultaneously. Dete c

Scintillation Detectors

•  Custom cables to “daisy-chain” multiple electronics modules are also available to order. •  Custom built arrays of heads in a single housing can be constructed to order.

Which scintillator material should I use? FMB Oxford offers three types of scintillation crystal: NaI(TI), YAP and LaCl3. Which one you decide to use is a compromise between count rate and energy resolution. Light pulses from YAP decay very quickly compared to NaI(Tl), so it offers faster count rates. However when it comes to stringent energy resolution requirements, NaI would be the scintillator of choice. So for energy resolution NaI has the advantage whilst for higher count rates YAP is desirable; LaCl3 offers a compromise of the two parameters. Note: YAP low energy performance is impaired due to the lower efficiency of conversion; typically 5keV should be considered a minimum workable energy for this material. Count rate

Energy resolution 5 keV 22 keV

Energy Range

NaI(Tl) 1Mcps

65%

30%

5-100keV

LaCl3

2.5Mcps

70%

25%

5-100keV

YAP

3.5Mcps

100%

45%

10-100keV Reflectometry

Single crystal diffraction Single crystal diffraction

monochromatic beam



What thickness of crystal should I choose? In practice the thickness has little effect, and the heads can be used over a wide range of energies; please see our table of absorption versus energy for various crystal thicknesses. If the crystal is thinner than ideal for a particular energy then some X-rays will penetrate the crystal and not be converted into visible light (so there is an apparent counting loss,) if the crystal is too thick then the light produced has to go through a greater thickness of crystal before entering the PMT. Thickness (mm) 1 2 5 99% absorption 20keV 30keV 90keV 90% absorption

30keV

80keV

120keV

80% absorption

70keV

95keV

150keV

Reflectometry

surface scattering



monochromatic beam

surface scattering

monochromatic beam

θ

monochromatic beam single crystal

Slits

2q monochromatic beam powder sample

Slits

Intensity or Intensity or polarisation monitor polarisation monitor

2q monochromatic beam

powder sample

diffraction rings

FMB Oxford Datasheet

θ

single crystal

Powder diffraction Powder diffraction

monochromatic beam

A range of typical experiments is shown below. If there is a need to cover a larger solid angle then multiple detectors can be used. The narrow (CBY12) detector head may be useful in crowded experimental areas or can be used in multiples where the larger aperture (CBY48) head would perhaps limit positional information. Vacuum adaptors are also available.

Slits diff be racte am d

diff be racte am d

Slits

How can I use the scintillation counter?

monochromatic beam kapton foil at 45° to beam

kapton foil at 45° to beam

diffraction rings

page 4 of 12

Detectors - Ver. 1 - Aug 2009

D) Bl Sc n to e e P Crys tal La rs Avala ower Cy hoto Dio intillation Detector r Cybers Diode (AP tillation D t t e b n s a d u D D t Diod e c e (AP e Analyse he Phot rstar Sci e (APD) D etectors Gas Blo r Scintilla ) Detecto e o t w n D ion D r r Scint e Avala er B etect s illatio ) Detecto Cybersta Diode (AP tillation D tectors e n n c t h G e C et n o r r D APD ) Det Detector s Gas Bl Scintillati ) Detect ectors A as Blowe Photo Dio rystal Lau rs o ower on D s A r Cyb v e An d tillatio ectors etect rs Gas B alanche ersta e (APD) B Gas valaDetectors e n DeScintillation n n c P o tOrdering he P r Sci Dete lowe rsInformation hoto Cry Blo tec A Dete ctors tors Ava wer Cyb hoto Diod stal Laue valanche r Cybers Diode (A ntillation c Det er tar S la e (APHeadsAnaly PD) D Dete Phot Gas Iodide c ctors Sodium e Ph star SDetector o D s Blow nchScintillation i e n e ) c D t t r e i D i llatio iode Cyb ctor otoBe Window,n2tmm ete illa NaI(Tl) Scintillator A mm body,e∅6 tal La r mm aperture, ∅12.5 C12NA12B ue A valanche Cyberst Diode (A tion Dete ctors Ga erstar Sc (APD) D n Detecto s etect aBe n∅48 ∅30 ctors s Blo Phmm intilla C48NA11B PDNaI(Tl) e (AP r SWindow, a mm otoaperture, ) DeScintillator serbody, cintill 1 mm ors G rs tionC48NA12B w D) De∅48lymm A D e t C v e r i a o y a c body, ∅30 mm aperture, Be Window, 2 mm NaI(Tl) Scintillator D tio D berst de (A lanch Bent tors as B etect tecto lation araperture, PD) D5 mmn NaI(Tl) G e C eteScintillator o rsbody, r a r P S Dete∅48 mm y s s c h ∅30 mm Be Window, C48NA15B s c G tors oto D tal La Blow inti A etect as B ctors Dete AvaVacuum eFlange tion D1 mm ue A vala iodeC48VNA11B orsScintillator r ctors ∅48 wer BellaWindow, C mm body, mmloaperture, NaI(Tl) with KF40 l Aval∅6 a y n nche berst (APD Gas ete t Bent a h GasArea Detector n De Blo2wmm NaI(Tl) ar ScC147NA12B ) Det alyse P ors ABe Window, h Crys mmcaperture, e Phmm body, 50x108 Scintillator Blow nc147x87 o tecto Large t e er C o valan tal La oto D er Cy rs A ybers Diode (A intillation ctors ctors c u i h o v b e a e d D e t la A e P ctors Gas Blow nche Ph rstar Scin (APD) D nalyser C Photo Dio ar Scintilla D) Detec etector o e tillatio t d er t y t to Di AvalaYAP Scintillation n De ectors G berstar S e (APD) D ion Detec ors Gas ode ( Heads nche Cyberst Detector t Pbody, PDScintillator ∅12.5 mm r Scin2 mmAYAP hoto∅6 mmaaperture, ctors tors Ava ) Det ectors A as Blowe cintillation eteC12YA12P t D i l v e l r i atYAP odaperture, alanc ctors DeteC48YA12PGas B l ∅48 mm body, ∅30 mm Bent ion Scintillator e (AP 2 mm D ctor h low G e C e D) De te ry a P tecto ctors Av s Blower hoto Dio stal Laue s Avalan e che de (A rs G alanc Cybe Analy as B Heads P h r s D s e t e a ) Lanthanum Chloride Scintillation Detector P r r Dete lowe hoto ctors Cyb r Diod ScintillatiC12LA15B ∅12.5 mm body, ∅6 mm aperture, Be Window, 5 mm LaCl Scintillator Cybe o e( G n De rstar tecto as B Scint APD) DeC17LA15B ∅17 mm body, ∅11 mm aperture, Be Window, 5 mm LaCl Scintillator rs A tecto illatio va rs G n De C25LA12B ∅25 mm body, ∅15 mm aperture, Be Window, 2 mm LaCl Scintillator as B tecto lo rs A ∅48 mm body, ∅30 mm aperture, Be Window, 2 mm LaCl Scintillator C48LA12B valan w che

Scintillation Detectors

3

3

3 3

Scintillation Counter Electronics 1-Channel Scintillation Counter PPU, 5U for NIM Rack including HV supply

CBY02202

5-Channel Scintillation Counter PPU, 5U for NIM Rack (Excludes HV Supply)

CBY02206

Ancillaries 1-Channel HV Supply, 5U for NIM Rack (for CBY02206)

MNIM0002

2-Channel HV Supply, 5U for NIM Rack (for CBY02206)

MNIM0003

12 Slot NIM Bin for 19” Rack, inbuilt Power supply

MNIM0001

Scintillation PPU Cables 5 m Scintillation PPU cable

CBY01401

10 m Scintillation PPU cable

CBY01402

15 m Scintillation PPU cable

CBY01403

20 m Scintillation PPU cable

CBY01407

Vacuum Scintillation PPU Cables 5 m Air/0.5 m Vacuum Scintillation PPU cable ISO KF50

CBY01409

10 m Air/0.2 m Vacuum Scintillation PPU cable ISO KF50

CBY01413

RS232 Cables 5 m RS232 cable

CBY01404

10 m RS232 cable

CBY01405

15 m RS232 cable

CBY01406

20 m RS232 cable

CBY01408

FMB Oxford Datasheet

page 5 of 12

Detectors - Ver. 1 - Aug 2009

Ga ode ( ors G AP on D te ta berst c A e as B r Scintilla D) Detec ctors Av s Blower he Photo o Dio ar Scintill PD) Det tectors l a tio ower C to la ec at Av d Bent n Detect rs Gas B nche Ph yberstar rstar e (APD) D ion Detec tors Gas alanche S o o Crys Phot Scint tors etect Blow tal La rs Avalan lower Cy to Diode o i o A l e l lowe a D r Be tion Dete rs Gas B valanche r Cyberst iode (AP ue Analy che Pho berstar S (A ser C n to Di l cint a P D) De o ctors t Cry che P r Scin wer hoto o y d s t b C e D h t A t e e a i c oto D ll ybers v iode r l au Avalanche (APD ation Det tors Gas star Scin (APD) e An alancheDetector iode LPhotodiode tar Sheads P e a tillatio ) Det cintill (AP(avalanche Blow ctors hotiso an lyser D) De photodiode) The Cyberstar APD system e a e c D t C r i t A o i ors G ode ( n De valan Bent n D betors20 t experiments ctors yup ultra fast detector suitable for e keV A t t c e a a Crys P h c r s D) e to S B G s with a large dynamic ranges, time resolvedameasurements Blow cintillation Detecto rs Avala lower Cy Photo Di t r o n er B b and where fast photon counting are required. ent C Detector s Gas Bl che Phot erstar Sc de o s Av o rysta alanc wer Cyb Diode (A intill l Lau e e An Specifications alyse he Photo rstar Sci PD) D n r Cyb D ersta iode (AP tillation Maximum count rate 100 MHz * r Scin D Window 70 μm Kapton tillatio ) Detec n De Photon efficiency 50% that of NaI up to 10keV * tec

Avalanche Photodiodes

Noise

below 1Hz *

Diode gain

200x at 370 V bias

Preamplifier gain

60 dB per stage at 100 MHz

Features*

Rise time 10%-90%