CURRENT SITUATION AND LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Water, Sanita+on, and Ci+es Forum INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL WATER WEEK – 2015 Jakarta -‐ May 28, 2015 Presented by: Enri Damanhuri
[email protected]
Faculty of Civil and Evronmental Engineering – ITB Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
IS THIS DUMP SITE OF GARBAGE A REPRESENTATIVE PICTURES OF LANDFILL SITE IN DEVELOPPING COUNTRIES? IN INDONESIA?
MUMBAI DUMP SITE
David Newman, President ISWA (Interna+onal Solid Waste Associa+on), ISWA Global Newss Issues 34 April 2015:
• This image of an open dumpsite outside of Mumbai was published recently on a website. • We've seen them before, haven't we? • No surprises. Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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Current situa+on and landfill development in Indonesia Introduc+on MSW management and policy Landfill development stages Trend of landfill technology Remarks
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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INTRODUCTION (1)
IUIDP Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program
1970s
Development of waste management system concept
Standard-‐guidance: SNIs, landfill concept (SL and CL), Cap. building, First SL pilot project in Bandung
1980s 1990s
Reforma+on
Development of MSW management and Final Disposal (TPA) in Indonesia
1998
AUTONOMY CASES OF LANDFILL FAILURE: TPA KEPUTIH , TPA BANTAR GEBANG, TPA LEUWIGAJAH à REJECTION OF COMMUNITY CONFLICT AMONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT à REGIONAL CONCEPT OF TPA LAW-‐18/2008 TPA: DISCHARGING à PROCESSING
TOWARDS BETTER MSW MANAGEMNT OPEN DUMPING IS PROHIBITED IN 2013
2000s 2010s
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
2015: no more open dumping? 4
INTRODUCTION (2) Regula7ons related to MSW management: • 2005: Government Regula+on 16/2005 à regulates the final disposal of MSW in rela+on with water resources protec+on for water supply; • 2006: Ministry of Public Works Regula+on 21/PRT/2006 à outlined the policy and na+onal strategy of MSW management; • 2008: the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Law No.18/2008: • 2012: Government Regula+on No. 81/2012 • 2010: Minister of Interior No. 33/2010 • 2012: Minister of Public Works Reg. No. 19/PRT/M/2012 • 2013: Minister of Public Works Reg. No. 03/PRT/M/2013
MSW MANAGEMENT AND POLICY (1) Some of central issues of Law No. 18/2008: • The basis approach of this law is waste reduc+ons through 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) as the first priority followed by proper waste handling; • This 3Rs concept is considered as a new paradigm to replace the collect-‐transport-‐dispose concept, which is usually adopted in most Indonesian ci+es; • Prohibi+on of open dumping and open burning; • Prohibi+on to import waste into Indonesia territories; • The development of regional landfill will be supported by Central Government; • Extended producers responsibility (ERP) approach will be introduced.
MSW MANAGEMENT AND POLICY (2) Law-‐18/2008
Collect-‐transport Door-‐to-‐door Collect
• Basic approach 3Rs concept priori+zing waste reduc+on. • Conver7ng open dumping into beRer landfilling
3R
Recycling Mostly by informal sector
Recycling Collect
Transfer
Transfer
Collect-‐transport Door-‐to-‐door
Landfilling: open dumping
ShiP the paradigm Business-‐as-‐usual Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
Intermediate Treatment Facility
Landfilling: a. Controlled landfill b. Sanitary landfill
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MSW MANAGEMENT AND POLICY (3) • The implementa+on of MSW management is responsibility of local government (city and regency). • In the level of Central Government, at least there are 3 Ministries which are responsible for waste management: – Ministry of Environment and Forestry à(Direktorat Jenderal Pengelolaan Sampah, Limbah dan B3); – Ministry of Public Works: for technical aspect of infrastructure; – Ministry of Interior: for ins+tu+onal aspect of local government.
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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MSW MANAGEMENT AND POLICY (4) Some strategy to increase coverage and performance of MSW management are: • Op+mizing the performance of exis+ng infrastructures; • Increasing a well-‐planned service coverage; • Increasing the capacity of MSW infrastructure, in accordance with the target of service; • Revitalizing the improper landfill in most of medium-‐small ci+es; • Op+mizing the current landfill opera+on towards controlled landfill (for small and medium ci+es) and sanitary landfill (for big and metropolitan ci+es); • Increasing the implementa+on of regional landfill. Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (1)
SITE SELECTION
Best site
DESIGN AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT Document Tender SOP
CONTRUCTION AND TESTING Physical facili+es, As-‐built-‐ drawing, Leachate treatment ready to be used
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
OPERATION MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING Waste distribu+on Cell handling (spreading, compac+ng, covering) Monitoring of: Leachate Biogas Sliding Drainage Alterna+ve-‐to-‐ landfill
POST CLOSURE MONITO RING
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (2)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on Landfill Improvement Program: • Target of MSW for landfill improvement in the Medium Term Na+onal Development Plan 2010-‐2014: increasing the performance of landfills in ci+es/regencies. • The program among others: – Revitalizing landfill sites and applying the regional system for landfill; – Monitoring the environmental quality for post closure of landfill; – Enforcing small and medium ci+es to implement the controlled landfill process, while big and metropolitan ci+es to implement the sanitary (‘modern’) landfill process; ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 11 I Enri Damanhuri 28 -‐ MFTSL ay 2015
LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (3)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on Landfill Improvement Program: • The central government has been committed to close open dumping sites and rehabilitate them to sanitary landfills or controlled landfills. • A target has been set to develop/rehabilitate 240 new/old landfills site by the year 2014. • The Ministry of Public Works maintains a budget line to provide block grants program to the ci+es to help them to implement the requirements of the law. • The selec+on criteria for par+cipa+ng this program is based on readiness criteria, which include financial and technical considera+ons as part of project prepara+on and also be aligned with Indonesia's Master Plan 2011-‐2025. Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (4)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on Block grant selec7on criteria for landfill development-‐ rehabilita7on: • Program is in line with the Ministry of Public Works Strategic Plan; • Listed in the ci+es/regencies Medium Term Investment Plan Document and the City Sanita+on Strategy; • Availability of andfill site, and the loca+on has been included in the spacial-‐regional planning; • Avaibility of detailed engineering design, and environmental impact assesment; • Availability of managing ins+tu+on, and commiped to operate and op+mize the infrastructures Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (5)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on • The central government acts as a s+mulator in infrastructure development for local governments who have the willingnes to improve waste management system. • Investment assistance as a s+mulant can only be allocated for the main part of the infrastructures: – landfill liners (geomembarane system), – landfill cell, – drainage system, – gas collec+on system, – leachate treatment, and opera+on road.
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (6)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on Cell of waste dumping: Impermeable geosynte+c liner system Leachete treatment facility
Buffer zone
Leachate collec+on and ver+cal biogas capture Suppor+ng facili+es
Sanitary/controlled Landfill for small-‐medium ci+es Development-‐rehabilita+on program since 2008 Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (7)
Site selec+on – Design and Tes+ng -‐ Construc+on
Source photo: PT Indah Karya
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (8) SomeOpera+on Improvements – Maintenance and Monitoring
Many cities, supported by central government, have started to develop a waste management programme in line with modern requirements
The development of a better Un+l 2012, about 187 landfills site final disposal, such as across Indonesia have been on sanitary landfill, based rehabilitated or developed; regional approach in some Geo-synthetic based landfill at Bangli Some of theses lareas andfill sites metropolitan arewinere In the next 10 years: developped uSome nder semi-‐aerobic progress. of this landfill Landfill will still a principal way approach, and some of them are for waste final disposal in Indonesia development is connected to the CDM directed to the project. landfill biogas recovery. TPA Bangli: could be the first of Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
beper TPA constructed aNer 2000s HOW ARE YOU NOW BANGLI? BACK TO OPEN DUMPING? 17
LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (9)
Opera+on – Maintenance and Monitoring
THE OBSTACLE: the principal obstacle is the limita+on of budget of many local governments to operate their landfill properly: Rou7ne cover material: • Criteria of a good sanitary landfill: distribu+ng the wastes layer by layer, compacted, covered with a soil layer by the end of the opera+on day (daily soil cover); • Fact: daily cover criteria is not achievable by most local governments, mostly due to the limited budget; • General standard for soil cover 15-‐20 cm: Sanitary landfill: daily, every 1,5-‐2,0 m of ‘dumping’ height. Controlled landfill: between 1-‐3 weeks, aNer 5,0 m of dumping height. Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT STAGES (10)
Opera+on – Maintenance and Monitoring
THE OBSTACLE: Leachate pollu7on: • Is the most nega+ve issue in landfill applica+on; • Most of leachate teratment facility (even in big ci+es): not operated properly; • Low responsibility and awareness: no budget to monitor, and no skill-‐ operator to operate; Leachate - manage ment for small-‐ m e d i u m - ci+es
Simple leachate treatment (lagoon system) is applied: anaerobic, faculta +ve and aerobic ponds, combined with simple wetland; Leachate recircula+on into landfill cells is highly recommended.
Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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Biogas (CH4 & CO2)
Chemical-biological conversion
TREND OF LANDFILL TECHNOLOGY (1) The steps: Open dumping to sanitary landfill
Leachate contamination
Biogas (CH4 & CO2)
Open dumping
Chemical-biological conversion
Uncontrolled landfilling No daily cover: Fly, rodent, odor, smog, aesthe+c Is open dumping = aerobic process?
Leachate contamination
Tradi7onal sanitary landfill (anaerob) -‐ Spread layer-‐per-‐layer -‐ Compacted -‐ Daily covered Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
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TREND OF LANDFILL TECHNOLOGY (2) Biogas (CH4 & CO2)
Biogas extrac7on Chemical-biological Chemical-biological conversion conversion
-‐ -‐
Flaring U+liza+on
Minimized GHG
Liner system
Leachate leakage
The steps: Sanitary landfill to ‘no-‐methane’ landfill
Leachate treatment and recircula+on
Advanced sanitary landfill Lined bioreactor Biogas control and handling Leachate control and handdling
Biocover: Methane oxida+on Chemical-biological conversion
‘Green’ sanitary landfill? -‐ Minimized organic waste -‐ Aerobic/Semi-‐aerobic landfill Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 28 May 2015
What ‘s next? 21
CLOSING REMARKS BACK TO MUMBAI DUMP SITE
David Newman (President ISWA, 2015): Yet it hit me hard. It showed that despite all the progress we are making globally in understanding our waste crisis, despite all the investments being made, despite the virtuous declara+ons of, for example, Indian Prime Minister Modi that he wants a "clean India"; well, people are s+ll walking over burning landfills looking to scrape an existence by collec+ng a few kilos of trash a day. A horrible picture. My message to whoever is listening is: shame on us that we will leave a planet to our children and grandchildren irremediably polluted by our waste. We have to get to grips with it now and that means a massive investment programme in developing countries now, not in ten years +me, to ensure 100% collec+on of waste, controlled disposal and intelligent recycling. It upsets me too much.
HARI GINI, DI INDONESIA MASIH OPEN DUMPING? THANK YOU Enri Damanhuri -‐ FTSL ITB -‐ IIWW WCF PU 22 28 May 2015
