Session

Converted (Part 1)

10

What Is True Repentance?

Scala / Art Resource, NY

“Are you a repenter?” I’ll never forget the first time I was asked that question. It was shortly after I moved to Romania, where I was involved in mission work for five years. At some point in the last century, the evangelicals in that country received the derogatory label of “repenters”—a word in Romanian that indicates the fact that there was a time when they repented of sin, turned to Christ, and now seek to live in a state of repentance. Rather than resist the label, our Romanian brothers and sisters embraced it. “That’s exactly who we are,” they said. “And we call everyone everywhere not to a life of nominal Christianity but to a life of repentance.” The more I’ve reflected on that title, the more I believe it sums up a key distinction between Christians and the world. We repent. We believe in conversion—a turning away from sin toward God in faith as a response to God’s gracious initiative in calling us to salvation. Christianity hinges on repentance, a journey of putting to death our sins and living for the One who has saved us.

Voices from Church History “The bedrock of Christianity is repentance.” 1 –Oswald Chambers (1874-1917)

How would you define repentance in your own words? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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Date of My Bible Study: ______________ © 2014 LifeWay Christian Resources. Permission granted to reproduce and distribute within the license agreement with purchaser.

Think of a time when you repented of something you were doing wrong. Was the repentance lasting? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

In this session, we will look at the nature of true repentance. We will see that repentance is a response to God’s gracious call to salvation. We feel sorrow for our sin in light of God’s goodness and mercy to us; we turn from our sin and embrace Jesus as our Savior and then strive to obey Jesus as our King. Repentance results in a changed life with a missional focus that leads us to call others to repentance.

1. True repentance is sorrow for sin in light of God’s goodness and power (Luke 5:1-11). We see an example of true repentance in this story found in the Gospel of Luke. Simon Peter, a fisherman, encountered the goodness and power of Jesus Christ. Immediately he recognized his own sinfulness and worshiped the Savior. Take a look:  As the crowd was pressing in on Jesus to hear God’s word, He was standing by Lake Gennesaret. 2 He saw two boats at the edge of the lake; the fishermen had left them and were washing their nets. 3 He got into one of the boats, which belonged to Simon, and asked him to put out a little from the land. Then He sat down and was teaching the crowds from the boat. 4  When He had finished speaking, He said to Simon, “Put out into deep water and let down your nets for a catch.” 5  “Master,” Simon replied, “we’ve worked hard all night long and caught nothing! But at Your word, I’ll let down the nets.” 6  When they did this, they caught a great number of fish, and their nets began to tear. 7 So they signaled to their partners in the other boat to come and help them; they came and filled both boats so full that they began to sink. 8  When Simon Peter saw this, he fell at Jesus’ knees and said, “Go away from me, because I’m a sinful man, Lord!” 9 For he and all those with him were amazed at the catch of fish they took, 10 and so were James and John, Zebedee’s sons, who were Simon’s partners. “Don’t be afraid,” Jesus told Simon. “From now on you will be catching people!” 11  Then they brought the boats to land, left everything, and followed Him. 1

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What I love about this story is how the goodness and power of Jesus stirred up repentance in the heart of Peter. Amazed at Jesus’ power, he fell to his knees, confessed his sinfulness, and then left everything behind to follow Christ. This is the evidence of true repentance. It is more than remorse or regret over the consequences of one’s sin. There is sorrow, to be sure, but this sorrow is grounded in the recognition that we are totally undeserving of salvation. Peter recognized how sinful he was in light of Christ’s perfection. He also recognized that he could not stand in the presence of such holiness (“Go away, Lord!”). This statement shouldn’t be interpreted as Peter not wanting to be with Jesus; instead, it’s a sign he saw himself as unworthy to be with Jesus. That’s a sign of true repentance. Remorse is the starting point of repentance, but it is not all repentance entails. Judas, for example, felt remorse after betraying Jesus, but his grief was worldly, leading to death by suicide. Peter, on the other hand, felt remorse after denying Christ, but his grief led to a life on mission for Christ’s kingdom. His repentance and restoration helped to shape him into one of the greatest preachers the world has ever known. How would you describe the difference between remorse and repentance? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Another sign of true repentance is that we feel sorrow for sin because of God’s goodness, not just His judgment. In other words, repentance is a response of the heart to the grace of God. It is not driven merely by fear of punishment. In Romans 2:4, the apostle Paul spoke of repentance in terms of God’s kindness, restraint, and patience. It is God’s kindness that intends to lead us to repentance. Warnings about judgment are important, of course. But the warning of judgment is motivated by love. 92

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Voices from Church History “Our sorrow and grief for sin must not spring merely from a fear of wrath; for if we have no other ground but that, it proceeds from self-love and not from any love to God.” 2 –George Whitefield (1714-1770)

When we recognize how we deserve immediate death for our sins, we are stunned by the graciousness of a God who allows us to continue breathing, living, and going about in this world. It’s not the fear of hell that leads us to repentance but the kindness of God to warn us against going there. What does fear-driven repentance look like? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Why is it important that our repentance be a response to God’s goodness, not just a fear of punishment? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

True repentance is a response to God’s power, not a work of our own power. For centuries, many Christians saw repentance as synonymous with “doing penance.” The way to turn to God was to do good works in order to win His favor. But throughout Scripture, we see repentance as an inward change, not just outward actions. This is why the prophet Joel commanded the people to “tear your hearts and not just your clothes and return to the Lord your God.” Why? “For He is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, rich in faithful love, and He relents from sending disaster” (Joel 2:13). In light of God’s goodness and power, our hearts are moved toward God on the inside, not just the outside. God isn’t interested in us ripping our clothes as an impressive display of seriousness. He wants to see us changed from the inside out. What are some acts of penance people perform to earn their way toward God? What do these acts of penance look like when placed beside the marvelous grace of God? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. True repentance is renouncing sin and embracing the Savior (Acts 26:15-20). Repentance begins with remorse, but it quickly moves to a renouncing of sin and embracing the Savior. When the apostle Paul stood before King Agrippa and recounted his conversion experience, he made it clear that his mission was to call people to repent, to turn from one way of life to another. Look carefully at how he described his task in calling people to repentance:  “Then I said, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ “And the Lord replied: ‘I am Jesus, the One you are persecuting. 16 But get up and stand on your feet. For I have appeared to you for this purpose, to appoint you as a servant and a witness of what you have seen and of what I will reveal to you. 17 I will rescue you from the people and from the Gentiles. I now send you to them 18 to open their eyes so they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that by faith in Me they may receive forgiveness of sins and a share among those who are sanctified.’ 19  Therefore, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision. 20 Instead, I preached to those in Damascus first, and to those in Jerusalem and in all the region of Judea, and to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works worthy of repentance.” 15

From Darkness to Light First, note the metaphor of turning from darkness to light. When I was a kid, at fall festivals, I would Voices from get in line to enter a dark room where a makeshift Church History maze of hay bales and cardboard boxes had been “When our Lord and Master set up. Maneuvering around that maze was not Jesus Christ said, ‘Repent,’ he willed the entire life easy. You’d take wrong turns in pitch black boxes, of believers to be one feeling your way through, until eventually you’d see of repentance.” 3 the soft glow of light ahead. The exit must be in that –Martin Luther (1483-1546) direction! From that point on, you did whatever it took to move toward the light. Your journey through the maze had reached a pivotal point. Darkness was behind, the light ahead. Before we come to Christ, we are moving around this world in the dark, unable to see the beauty of Christ and unwilling to accept the light. But once we repent, we turn from darkness to light. We pursue the light, no longer content to stumble around in the dark. We have a purpose given to us by the Light of the world who has shone in our hearts. 94

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From the Power of Satan to God Second, note how Paul described this “turning” more personally than just light and darkness. He called people to turn from the power of Satan to God. We are switching kingdoms. Just as a person who is applying for citizenship in one country usually renounces their former citizenship, we pledge allegiance to King Jesus and renounce Satan and his power.

Voices from the Church “The repentance that Christ requires of His people consists in a settled refusal to set any limits to the claims which He may make on their lives.” 4 –J. I. Packer

Why is it important for us to see repentance from both sides—turning from sin and turning to Christ? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

From Sin to Works Worthy of Repentance There’s one more aspect of repentance that Paul mentioned in this chapter: turning to God and doing works worthy of repentance. The renunciation of sin is not all that repentance entails. Turning to God implies that we replace those evil deeds with good ones, with actions that are worthy of our new identity in Christ. What are some deeds that do not “fit” in a repentant person’s life? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. True repentance results in purposeful obedience (Ps. 119:57-60). In considering the nature of repentance, we’ve focused on the turning around aspect. It’s important for us to focus also on taking steps of obedience as a result of true repentance, a true “turning.” We see this in the language of “turning” we find in the Old Testament. Here is a portion of Psalm 119, where the psalmist, in response to the Lord’s allconsuming worth (v. 57), requested grace from the Lord, considered his ways, and then turned his steps back to God (v. 59):  The Lord is my portion; I have promised to keep Your words. 58  I have sought Your favor with all my heart; be gracious to me according to Your promise. 59  I thought about my ways and turned my steps back to Your decrees. 60  I hurried, not hesitating to keep Your commands. 57

The change of mind wrought by repentance results in taking steps back toward God (v. 59). The repentant sinner now has a desire to keep God’s Word. His obedience is purposeful, and there is a sense of urgency attached to it. Note how the psalmist, after turning his steps, now hurries without hesitation to keep God’s commands. Repentance is not something that comes naturally. We cultivate a life of ongoing repentance on purpose. We consider our actions in light of God’s grace toward us through the cross and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Then we walk in a new way of life, committing daily to follow our Savior. We put to death the deeds of the flesh as we walk by the Spirit. How can we encourage one another to repent regularly? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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One of the primary ways we take steps of purposeful obedience is to join God in His mission. Earlier, we looked at the story of Peter’s repentant spirit in response to Christ’s miraculous display of power and grace. He felt sorrow for his sin and he committed to following Christ. We should remember, however, how that story ended. His following Christ entailed fishing for people. He didn’t simply renounce sin; he also received an evangelistic commission. The same held true of the apostle Paul. We saw earlier how he recounted his conversion experience to King Agrippa. Note that Paul’s repentance was expressed in his embrace of this new calling on his life: to summon others to turn from darkness to light.

Voices from the Church “The evidence of repentance is not words of resolve, but a changed life.” 5 –Henry Blackaby

The repentant person is not content to step into the light and leave everyone else in the dark. We should not be content with celebrating our freedom from Satan’s tyranny while we dismiss the countless people around us still in chains. Repentance entails a life of mission. The purposeful obedience on display in our lives of ongoing repentance is a missional obedience. As we walk worthy of repentance, we call others to follow Jesus. What is the connection between repentance and our mission as Christ’s followers? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion Christians turn from our sin (repentance) and turn to Christ for salvation (faith). Conversion involves both repentance and faith. Though we have examined the nature of repentance in this session, both repentance and faith are inseparable. Believers repent, and repenters believe. And repentant believers then extol the beauty of our Savior, through our words and deeds, that others may join us in the light.

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HIS MISSION, YOUR MISSION “ ‘Good’ people cannot be forgiven, because they do not believe they need pardoning. Only when we acknowledge we are as guilty as God says we are can there be cleansing.” 6 –Kenneth Keathley Insights? ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Live on Mission 1. What steps should we take when we find ourselves struggling with true repentance? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. W  hat are some good works you would describe as “worthy of repentance”? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. H  ow is our mission impacted by a sense of urgency and immediacy in our commitment to live in repentance? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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About the Writers

The Gospel Project® Adult Personal Study Guide HCSB Volume 3, Number 2 Winter 2014-15 Eric Geiger

Vice President, Church Resources Ed Stetzer

Unit 1 Jared C. Wilson is pastor of Middletown Springs Community Church and the author of several books, including The Storytelling God, Gospel Wakefulness, and Otherworld. He and his wife, Becky, reside in Vermont with their two children.

General Editor Trevin Wax

Managing Editor Daniel Davis

Content Editor Josh Hayes

Content and Production Editor Philip Nation

Director, Adult Ministry Publishing Faith Whatley

Director, Adult Ministry Send questions/comments to: Managing Editor, The Gospel Project: Adult Personal Study Guide, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234-0102; or make comments on the Web at www.lifeway.com. Printed in the United States of America The Gospel Project®: Adult Personal Study Guide HCSB (ISSN 2162-7207; Item 005461524) is published quarterly by LifeWay Christian Resources, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234, Thom S. Rainer, President. © 2014 LifeWay Christian Resources. For ordering or inquiries, visit www.lifeway.com, or write LifeWay Church Resources Customer Service, One LifeWay Plaza, Nashville, TN 37234-0113. For subscriptions or subscription address changes, e-mail [email protected], fax (615) 251-5818, or write to the above address. For bulk shipments mailed quarterly to one address, e-mail [email protected], fax (615) 251-5933, or write to the above address.

Unit 2 Ed Stetzer is the president of LifeWay Research and lead pastor of Grace Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee, a church he planted in 2011. He serves as the general editor for The Gospel Project and is the author of numerous books, including Transformational Groups, Subversive Kingdom, and Compelled. Trevin Wax is managing editor for The Gospel Project and the author of several books, including Counterfeit Gospels, Gospel-Centered Teaching, and Clear Winter Nights. He has served in pastoral roles in churches in the United States and Romania. He and his wife, Corina, reside in Middle Tennessee with their three children. Unit 3 Eric Mason is the founder and lead pastor of Epiphany Fellowship in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he resides with his wife, Yvette, and three sons. He also serves as the president of Thriving, a ministry that trains and develops leaders in the urban context. He is the author of Manhood Restored.

We believe that the Bible has God for its author; salvation for its end; and truth, without any mixture of error, for its matter and that all Scripture is totally true and trustworthy. To review LifeWay’s doctrinal guideline, please visit www.lifeway.com/doctrinalguideline. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holman Christian Standard Bible®, copyright 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission.

WRITERS

Notes SESSION 1

SESSION 6

SESSION 10

1. Billy Graham, “Billy Graham: My Heart Aches for America,” Billy Graham Evangelistic Association [online; cited 6 March 2014]. Available from the Internet: www.billygraham.org.

1. Augustine, Tractates on the Gospel of John, 41.10.3, quoted in Romans, ed. Gerald Bray, vol. VI in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament (Downers Grove: IVP, 1998), 195.

1. Oswald Chambers, in The Quotable Oswald Chambers, comp. and ed. David McCasland, 229.

2. Oswald Chambers, in The Quotable Oswald Chambers, comp. and ed. David McCasland (Grand Rapids: Discovery House, 2008), 214. 3. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 111. 4. Timothy Keller, The Reason for God (New York: Dutton, 2008), 200.

SESSION 2 1. J. R. Miller, Devotional Hours with the Bible: From the Creation to the Crossing of the Red Sea (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908), 25. 2. Jerry Bridges, Respectable Sins (Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2007), 149. 3. Johnny Hunt, “The Contrast to Wisdom,” SermonSearch.com [online], 16 May 2010 [cited 6 March 2014]. Available from the Internet: www.sermonsearch.com. 4. Augustine, The Confessions of St. Augustine, trans. and ed. Albert Cook Outler (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2002), 27.

SESSION 3 1. Craig L. Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Downers Grove: IVP, 1999), 243-44. 2. J. D. Greear, Gospel (Nashville: B&H, 2011), 138. 3. Chrysostom, On Virginity, 81, Colossians, 1-2 Thessalonians, 1-2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, ed. Peter Gorday, vol. IX in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament (Downers Grove: IVP, 2000), 215. 4. Ambrosiaster, Epistle to the Ephesians, 5.5.1, quoted in Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, ed. Mark J. Edwards, vol. VIII in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament (Downers Grove, IVP, 1999), 185. 5. John Stott, Issues Facing Christians Today (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006), 295.

SESSION 4 1. John Piper, “Christ Is Hallowed in Us When We Hope in Him,” Desiring God [online], 18 September 1994 [cited 7 March 2014]. Available from the Internet: www.desiringgod.org. 2. The “Summa Theologica” of St. Thomas Aquinas, Part 1, trans. Fathers of the English Dominican Province (London: R. & T. Washbourne, 1912), 431. 3. Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, IV.2: The Doctrine of Reconciliation (London: T&T Clark, 2004), 405. 4. Oswald Chambers, in The Quotable Oswald Chambers, comp. and ed. David McCasland, 151.

2. Ray Ortlund, “God Gives New Beginnings,” Covenant Life Church [online], 27 March 2011 [cited 4 December 2013]. Available from the Internet: www.covlife.org. 3. Cyril of Alexandria, Explanation of the Letter to the Romans, quoted in Romans, ed. Gerald Bray, vol. VI in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament, 195. 4. Dallas Willard, “Beyond Pornography: Spiritual Formation Studied in a Particular Case” [online; cited 4 December 2013]. Available from the Internet: www.dwillard.org.

SESSION 7 1. Thomas Watson, A Body of Practical Divinity (Aberdeen, Scotland: D. Chalmers & Company, 1838), 51. 2. “God’s Answer to Anger,” Love Worth Finding [online; cited 10 March 2014]. Available from the Internet: www.lwf.org. 3. Martin Luther, “Ephesians 4,22-28” in Church-Postil: Sermons on the Epistles (New Market, VA: New Market Evangelical Lutheran Publishing, 1869), 161.

2. Southern Baptist Convention, The Baptist Faith & Message [online], 2000 [cited 26 March 2014]. Available from the Internet: lifeway.com/doctrinalguideline. 3. See Kenneth Keathley, “The Work of God: Salvation,” in A Theology for the Church, ed. Daniel L. Akin (Nashville: B&H, 2007), 70623; Bruce Demarest, The Cross and Salvation (Wheaton: Crossway, 1997), 99-118. 4. J. I. Packer, “Saved by His Precious Blood,” in In My Place Condemned He Stood, by J. I. Packer and Mark Dever (Wheaton: Crossway, 2007), 118. 5. Adrian Rogers with Steve Rogers, What Every Christian Ought to Know (Nashville: B&H, 2012), 59-60.

7. Bruce Demarest, Salvation, 138-39.

8. John Chrysostom, Homily on Ephesians 1.1.6, quoted in Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, ed. Mark J. Edwards, vol. VIII in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament, 113.

4. Bruce Marshall, The World, the Flesh and Father Smith (Garden City, NY: Image Books, 1957). 5. Clement of Alexandria, Christ the Educator, 2.5, quoted in 1–2 Corinthians, ed. Gerald Bray, vol. VII in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament (Downers Grove: IVP, 1999), 56.

6. Kenneth Keathley, “The Work of God: Salvation,” in A Theology for the Church, ed. Daniel L. Akin, 732.

SESSION 11 1. Adrian Rogers, in Adrianisms: The Wit and Wisdom of Adrian Rogers, vol. 2 (Memphis: Love Worth Finding, 2006), 173. 2. D. B. Knox, Justification by Faith (London: Church Book Room, 1959), 15, quoted in Michael F. Bird, Evangelical Theology (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013), 539. 3. N. T. Wright, Small Faith, Great God (Downers Grove: IVP, 2010), 38.

6. Chuck Colson, The Faith (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008), 62.

1. Ambrosiaster, Epistle to the Ephesians 1.3.1-2, quoted in Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, ed. Mark J. Edwards, vol. VIII in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament, 110.

7. D. A. Carson, For the Love of God, Volume 2 (Wheaton: Crossway, 1999), January 23 entry.

3. Chrysostom, Homily on Philippians, 14.3.18-21, quoted in Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, ed. Mark J. Edwards, vol. VIII in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament, 277.

5. Henry T. Blackaby and Richard Blackaby, Experiencing God Day-by-Day, 155.

SESSION 8

6. Henry and Richard Blackaby, Experiencing God Day-by-Day (Nashville: B&H, 1998), 315.

2. Billy Graham, Find Freedom (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1955, reprint 1969), 58.

4. J. I. Packer, Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God (Downers Grove: IVP, 2008), 73.

4. Charles H. Spurgeon, in The Essential Works of Charles Spurgeon, ed. Daniel Partner (Uhrichsville, OH: Barbour, 2009), 533.

5. John Berridge, in The Works of John Berridge, ed. Richard Whittingham (London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Company, 1838), 381.

1. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity, 90-91.

3. Martin Luther, The Ninety-Five Theses, in Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings, ed. Timothy F. Lull, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005), 41.

4. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, “Purging Out the Leaven,” The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Parts 177-188, vol. 16 (London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1871), 694.

6. W. A. Criswell, “The Effectual Calling of God,” W. A. Criswell Sermon Library [online], 5 June 1983 [cited 23 April 2014]. Available from the Internet: www.wacriswell.com.

SESSION 5

2. George Whitefield, in Whitefield Gold, comp. Ray Comfort (Gainesville, FL: BridgeLogos, 2006), 91.

The

Cross

and

SESSION 9

5. Ibid., 540.

SESSION 12 1. Kenneth Keathley, “The Work of God: Salvation,” in A Theology for the Church, ed. Daniel L. Akin, 687. 2. J. Todd Billings, Union with Christ (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011), 158. 3. Andrew Murray, Holy in Christ, in The Essential Works of Andrew Murray (Uhrichsville, OH: Barbour, 2008) [eBook]. 4. Francis Dubose, “Our Life of Ministry,” in The Mission of God Study Bible, eds. Ed Stetzer and Philip Nation (Nashville: B&H, 2012), 1122.

ALTERNATE SESSION: CHRISTMAS 1. Charles Spurgeon, “The Incarnation and Birth of Christ,” in The Essential Works of Charles Spurgeon, ed. Daniel Partner, 262. 2. Eric Mason, Manhood Restored (Nashville: B&H, 2013), 42-43. 3. Leo the Great, Sermon, 34.2, quoted in The Twelve Prophets, ed. Alberto Ferreiro, vol. XIV in Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: Old Testament (Downers Grove: IVP, 2003), 167. 4. Leonard Sweet and Frank Viola, Jesus: A Theography (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2012), 63. 5. Billy Graham, in Billy Graham in Quotes, eds. Franklin Graham and Donna Lee Toney (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2011), 337.

1. Bruce Demarest, The Cross and Salvation, 231. 2. Athanasius, Four Discourses Against the Arians, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4, eds. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1892, reprint 2004), 341. 3. M. David Sills, The Missionary Call (Chicago: Moody, 2008), 195. 4. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship (New York: Touchstone, 1959), 89.

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