Contributors Camilla Brautaset: Associate Professor in modern economic history at the Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Fortellinger og forklaringer i økonomisk historie (with L.F. Øksendal). In: Heiret, J., Ryymin, T. & Skålevåg, A. (eds.). Fortalt fortid. Norsk historieskriving etter 1970. Pax Forlag, Oslo, Norway: 292-319, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Scott Bremer: Researcher at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Exploring the science-policy interface for integrated coastal management in New Zealand. Ocean and Coastal Management, 84: 107-118, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Peter Buckley: Professor of International Business, Centre for International Business, Leeds University Business School, UK. Most recent publication: Adam Smith’s theory of knowledge and international business theory and practice. Journal of International Business Studies, 2013. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.44 E-mail: [email protected] Christopher M. Dent: Professor of East Asia’s International Political Economy, University of Leeds, UK. Most recent book publication: The Asia-Pacific, regionalism and the global system. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2012. E-mail: [email protected] Peter Enderwick: Head of the Centre for International Business, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. Most recent publication: Country linkages and firm internationalisation: Indian MNEs within economic-political alliances of nations. In: Cook, G. & Johns, J. (eds.). The changing geography of international business: strategy, performance and institutional change. Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Nicolas Forsans: Associate Professor in International Strategic Management, Centre for International Business, University of Leeds, UK. Most recent publication: Country linkages and firm internationalisation: Indian MNEs within economicpolitical alliances of nations. In: Cook, G. & Johns, J. (eds.). The changing geography of international business: strategy, performance and institutional change. Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] THE GREAT DIVERSITY227

Contributors

Michael Hertzberg: PhD Candidate at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway & the Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Med slagord som våpen: Politiske munker og borgerkrigen på Sri Lanka. DIN: Religionsvitenskapelig tidsskrift, 3-4: 48-59, 2011. E-mail: [email protected] Lewis Husain: Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. Most recent publication: Implementing and innovating: local governments in the development of China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds, UK, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Janne Cecilie Johansen: PhD candidate at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Grenseoverskridende sosiologi: et intervju med vinneren av Holbergprisen 2012, Manuel Castell. Sosiologisk Tidsskrift, 20(4): 361-371, 2012. E-mail: [email protected] Matthias Kaiser: Professor in Philosophy of Science at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Precaution or prudent vigilance as guiding the path to global food security? In: Röcklinsberg, H. & Sandin, P. (eds.). The ethics of consumption - The citizen, the market and the law. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Ole Jacob Madsen: Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway. Most recent publication: Me at my best: therapeutic ideals in Norwegian women’s magazines. Communication, Culture & Critique, 5: 20-37, 2012. E-mail: [email protected] Olga Medvedeva: PhD candidate at the Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Lu Xun in the rhetoric of the Sino-Soviet split: a view from contemporary Russia. Frontiers of Literary Studies in China, 7(3): 483-493, 2013. E-mail: [email protected]

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Surender Munjal: Lecturer in International Business & Director Research, James E. Lynch India and South Asia Business Centre, Centre for International Business, University of Leeds, UK. Most recent publication: Country linkages and firm internationalisation: Indian MNEs within economic-political alliances of nations. In: Cook, G. & Johns, J. (eds.). The changing geography of international business: strategy, performance and institutional change. Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, UK, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Simen A. Øyen: PhD Candidate at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Humanioras fremtid. Cappelen Akademiske Forlag, Oslo, Norway, 2011. E-mail: [email protected] Michael Parnwell: Distinguised Guest Professor at the Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, China & Emeritus Professor of South East Asian Development at the University of Leeds, UK. Most recent publication: Whale worship and tourism development in the Hoi An-Da Nang corridor, Viet Nam. South East Asia Research, 21(3): 475-496, 2013. E-mail: [email protected] Karina Hestad Skeie: Associate Professor in Intercultural Studies at NLA University College, Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Building God’s Kingdom. Norwegian missionaries in highland Madagascar 1866-1903. Studies in Christian Mission 42. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2012. E-mail: [email protected] Arne Sveinson Haugen: Researcher at the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway. Most recent publication: Mapping core values and ethical principles for livelihoods in Asia. In: Potthast, T. & Meisch, S. (eds.). Climate change and sustainable development. Ethical perspectives on land use and food production. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands: 419-424, 2011. E-mail: [email protected] Adam Tyson: Lecturer in Southeast Asian Politics at the School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, UK. Most recent publication: Vigilantism and violence in decentralized Indonesia: the case of Lombok. Critical Asian Studies, 45(2): 201-230, 2013. E-mail: [email protected]

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Index A ABMA 103 acquisitions 199 adolescent generation 126 agricultural labour 176 Ainu 96 alien rule 46 All Burma Monks Association – See: ABMA American-Norwegian Society 73, 75 American Simpson’s Alliance mission 76 ancestor –– cults 94 –– worship 91 Anglo-Burmese War 105 aquaculture 15, 176 –– farmer values 182 –– industry values 180 Arrow War 28 asset augmentation 191, 195, 196 Aung San 105 Aung San Suu Kyi 104, 109 authoritarianism 117 B Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact 111 bhikkhu (monk) 110 boat people 92 BOH 138 Bosch 200 Boxer –– rebellion 75 –– uprising 34 boycott 104, 109 Buddha Sasana 112 Buddhist monks 14, 103

Bureau of Health – See: BOH C calculative rationality 35 California school 26 Cambodia 95 CAOD 156 Catholic Franciscan missionaries 78 CCP 122, 155 cetaceans 84 Cham people 93 chartering of ships in war-time 37 Chen Xiangyuan 57 China –– academic perspectives 15 –– China-Asia On Demand – See: CAOD –– China National Knowledge Infrastucture – See: CNKI –– China’s Millions magazine 65 –– Chinese Communist Party – See: CCP –– Chinese Foreign Mission in Oslo 3 3 –– Chinese stakeholders 181 –– Civil War 120 –– Evangelization Society 68 –– Inland Mission – See: CIM –– Maritime Customs Service – See: CMCS –– Rural Health Project 136 –– Sino-Japanese War 30 –– social scientists 157 –– Spiritual Needs and Claims 66 CIM 65, 67 civil society 120 Cliff College 72 climate change 207 CMCS 13, 31, 45, 56

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Index

CNKI 156 coal-fired power stations 222 collectivistic values 184 communicative rationality 35 Communist Party 45 competition between mission societies 70 competitiveness 197 conflicts of interest 145 Confucianism 47, 177, 185 conglomerate business groups 193 connectivity 35 consignment market 37 consumer demand 186 Contraction 30 cosmology 48 cost of production 202 cultural –– capital 32 –– change 97, 119 –– heritage 97 –– revivalism 162 –– transformations 27 customs 49 –– etymology 47 –– tariffs policy 53 cycles 201 D Dahle, Lars 69 dāna 108 deities 85 –– of Good Fortune in Japan 88 –– of the seas 93 Deng Xiaoping 120 depression 124 development 11, 159 –– states 207 –– trajectories 11 developmentalism 207 232 

Dissenter Law distinctive policy process division of religion and politics dolphins Drammen shipping company DSM-IV dugong (sea mammal)

70 150 108 95 31 123 89

E earthquake 124 East Turkestan 160 EBP 111 economic –– development 23 –– liberalisation 130, 193 education 17 Eksath Bhikkhu Peramuna – See: EBP energy –– green technologies 208 –– indigenous sources 209 –– non-fossil target 213 –– renewable – See: renewable energy –– security 207 –– strategy plans 214 environmental movements 118 ethics –– collectivist vs individualist 127 –– management principles 179 –– principles 183 –– standings 179 –– trade 16 ethnic groups 157, 162 Eurocentric view 26 extraterritoriality 28 F FDI 23, 191, 192 female missionary workers 32, 71 festival of the fish 96 financial mismanagement 140 THE GREAT DIVERSITY

Index

Five Year Plan – See: FYP foreign –– direct investments – See: FDI –– inspectorate 47, 50 –– knowledge 18 –– trade statistics 30 fossil fuel 208 Four Modernisations 117 Franson, Fredrik 67 free trade policy 54 fuel cells 214 Fukushima disaster 223 funeral rites 91 FYP 158, 217 G Gaige kaifang – See: Reform and Opening Up GDP 218, 223 geographic expansion 23 GGS 218 global 26 –– competitors 193 –– history 12, 25 –– trade development 46 globalisation 24, 25, 208 going native 78 green –– development 165 –– energy technologies 208 –– innovation 216 Green Growth Strategy (South Korea) – See: GGS greenhouse gas emissions 217 Gross Domestic Product – See: GDP Guangzhou government 58 Guan Sheng 58 guarding posts 47 Guomindang 56

H Han settlers 158 Han-Uyghur relations 164 Harley College 72 Hauge synod 72, 78 healthcare 134 –– mental 128 –– system 133, 135 health insurance 135, 138 Hero Honda joint venture 201 high-tech sectors 209 homogenisation 24 horizon of untold riches 157 household registration system 121 Hudson Taylor, James 65, 73 hunger strike 114 hydroelectric 209 hyperlink network analysis 160 I identity 127, 129 IMCS 50, 54 imperialism 21 Imperial Maritime Customs Service – See: IMCS import-export duties 52 Independent Oversight Bureau – See: IOB Indian automobile industry 200 indigenous –– energy sources 209 –– identities 161 individualisation 118, 129 –– processes 119, 122 individualism 184 Indo-Lanka Accord 111 Indonesia 88 industrial ethos 184 industrialisation 18 inefficiency 192

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Index

infractions 143 innovation 18 –– green 216 inspection 142 Inspection Bureau 145 institutional changes 117 intermittent power problem 211 international diagnosis system – See: DSM-IV internationalisation 24, 193, 196 inter-racial marriages 74 intra-generational sustainability 177 IOB 134, 144 Irrawaddy dolphins 95 Islam 89 isolationism 49 J Janata Vimukti Peramuna – See: JVP Japan –– Deities of Good Fortune 88 –– New Growth Strategy – See: NGS –– Russo-Japanese War 30 –– Sino-Japanese War 30 –– whale ceremonies 88 Jathika Hela Urumaya – See: JHU JHU 109 Jia Shiyi 57 JVP 111 K Kandyan Convention Kazakhs Kineseren know-how kyaungtaiks

110 164 77 197 107

L laukika lay-groups

105 79

234 

leapfrog development 166 learning 196 leverage 195 liberalisation 54 –– policies 16 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam – See: LTTE Likert scale 180, 183 linkage 195 linkage-leverage-learning – See: LLL living by faith 67 LLL 191, 195 LMS 63 local –– communities 97 –– development 133 –– health administrations 138 –– health system 148 –– initiative 137 –– policy solutions 136 lokuttara 105 London Missionary Society – See: LMS low-carbon –– policy solutions 17 –– society 216 low wages 195 LTTE 112 M Makah managed experimentation management principles manatee Māori Maritime Trade Bureau Mazu goddess Mekong Basin merchant marine migration –– societal impact

90 135 179 96 90 49 94 95 21, 27 22 22

THE GREAT DIVERSITY

Index

–– wave 34 military regime 104 Ming Dynasty 49 minorities 156 minority discontent 158 minzu 161 mission 22 –– investment in candidates 74 –– societies 63 –– Swedish Mission Society 75, 78 missionaries 13, 32 –– education 71 –– marriage of female ~ 75 –– network 77 MNEs 16, 191 mobility 65 modernisation 18, 52 modernity 119 monastic law (Myanmar) 105 monks –– defrocking 105 –– offering to ~ – See: dāna –– political – See: pongyi mopeds 201 motorcycles 201 multinational enterprises – See: MNEs mundane vulnerability 113 Muslim minorities 161, 167 Myanmar, monastic law 105 N Nanjing decade National Health Survey nationalism nationalities – See: minzu NCM NCMS –– funding –– funding levels –– Oversight Committees

58 134 176, 185 67 15, 133 137 141 139

–– structure 137 negative stereotyping 159 neo-liberal policies 208 networks 17, 35 –– social capital of ~ 36 neurasthenia 123 New Cooperative Medical Scheme – See: NCMS New Growth Strategy (Japan) – See: NGS New Zealand 90 NGS 216 Nguyễn Dynasty (Vietnam) 92 NLCM 65, 70, 75 –– missionary education 77 NMS 68, 76 no footwear-issue 106 non-dispatchable nature of RE 211 non-fossil energy target 213 North China Herald 36 Norwegian –– China Mission – See: NCM –– Lutheran China Mission Association – See: NLCM –– Lutheran state church 68 –– Mission Society – See: NMS Nur Bekri 161, 165 O old developmentalism one-child policy opium Opium War oppositional activities Orca oriental despotism oversight –– agency –– independence of ~ –– Oversight Bureau

222 125 50 45 107 96 26 139, 143 144 146 142

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Index

P pan-Turkism 163 paramilitary 166 passenger vehicles 199 pattam nikkujjana kamma – See: turning of the bowl peasant burden 139 peripheral policy development 133 personal networks 34 personal responsibility 186 Philippines 89 policy change 147 political monk – See: pongyi polluter-pays principle 183 pollution 223 Pō Nagar 93 pongyi 106, 113 post traumatic disorders 124 pre-liberalisation period 192 pressure groups 108 professional expertise 118 protectionism 53 protective policy 192 protest 103 protestant mission 13, 63 –– American 33 psychiatry 125 psychological problems 124 P-TOMS 113 Q Qing Dynasty Qi Shufen

23, 45 58

R racial divide 73 reallocation of resources 147 recycling local practices 149 reform 52, 118, 148 –– Reform and Opening Up 117 236 

regime legitimacy 163 regionalism 98 regional trade systems 19 reimbursement 140 religion 25 –– activities 159 –– extremists 167 renewable energy 16 –– development targets 217 –– direct financial support 212 –– market-based instruments 212 –– non-dispatchable nature 211 –– policy instruments 212 –– power capacity 209 –– predicaments of ~ 211 –– regulatory mandates 212 –– strategic approach 218 rescue narratives 84, 92 resources 147 Resurrection 31 revivals 66 revolution of 1911 – See: Xinhai revolution risk sharing 134 rural –– communes 120 –– health insurance 136 –– health reform 135 Russian Far East 89 Russo-Japanese War 30 S Saffron Revolution 104 sangha 105 Sangha Sametggi Association 105 sea checkpoints 48 seafood consumers 178 SEAT 174, 177 sea turtles 85 secular resilience 113 THE GREAT DIVERSITY

Index

security risks 19 SEI 217, 218 self-control 127 self-help literature 128 self-immolation 114 self-realisation 122, 128 Self-Strengthening Movement 51, 55 sensitivity gap 162 separatist movements 159 service industries 31 SEZs 15, 155 Shenzhen 155 shipping statistics 36 Sinhala Jatika Sangamaya – See: SJS Sino-Japanese War 21, 30 sirenian 89 SJS 111 SLFP 111 Small Sword Society 50 social –– capital of networks 35 –– mobility 121 –– network 64, 128 –– pathologies 123 –– policy 15 solar photovoltaic 209 songbang – See: institutional changes South Korea 218 sovereignty 24 Special Economic Zones – See: SEZs spiritual disagreement 75 Sri Lanka 109 –– Freedom Party – See: SLFP –– United National Party – See: UNP state protection 201 Strategic Emerging Industries – See: SEI style individualization 14 subsidisation of fossil fuel 223 Suez Canal 28

suicide –– as a moral act Sun Yatsen supra-local impact sustainability sustainable development sustainable trade Sustaining Ethical Aquaculture Trade – See: SEAT Suzlon synarchy

126 127 57 149 173 16 173 198 46

T Taiping Rebellion 45 Tamils 111 Tamil Tigers 14 Taoshan 141 tariff autonomy 53, 56 Tata Motors 199 Tata Nano 199 Taxation School 55 tax collection 59 teacher encouragement 161 Thailand 107 THCs 138, 141, 145 therapeutic –– culture 129 –– ethos 120, 130 Thiên Y A Na 94 Thunderbird 96 Tianxia 48 timber 27 time charter 29 Torres Straits 89 tourism 96 –– development 14 township health centres – See: THCs trade of services 29 traditional safety nets 120 tramp trade 29

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Index

transition transnationalism –– collective actions –– education –– history –– links –– missionary network transparency –– frameworks treaty century turning of the bowl

123 12, 17, 64 13 73 34 19 77 146 146 21 109, 114

U U –– Gambira 103 –– Nu 108 –– Ottama 106 –– Wisara 107 unemployment 119 unified national identity 163 United Church mission 76 United National Party (Sri Lanka) – See: UNP unity in diversity 162, 163 UNP 110 unsaturated markets 202 Urumqi riots 2009 164 Uyghur 156 V values –– individualistic ~ –– ranking Vidyalankara Pirivena Việt Kiều Vietnam, Nguyễn Dynasty vinaya Von Bülow

238 

185 178 110 92 92 105 64

W Wallem, Haakon Johan 35 Walpola Rahula 110 WDP 155, 158 welfare 11 Western Development Project – See: WDP Westernisation Movement 51 whale –– ceremonies (Japan) 88 –– designations 93 –– funeral 86 –– hunt 85, 88 –– hunting debate 86 –– hunting rituals 88 –– temple 87 –– veneration 84 –– whale-genie 91 –– worship 13, 86 William Stanley Jevons 55 wind –– energy 209 –– turbine 198 World Missionary Conference 64 X Xinhai revolution 56 Xinjiang 15, 156, 157 –– Production and Construction Corps – See: XPCC –– spirit 163 –– Uygur Autonomous Region – See: XUAR –– Xinjiang 13 scholars 168 XPCC 157, 166 –– mothers 167 XUAR 155, 164

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Index

Y Yellow River valley Yung Wing Z Zongli Yamen

32 54 28, 51, 55

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