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Technical Report to Support Assessment of Environmental Effects (City Rail Link Notice of Requirement) Auckland Transport 25 July 2012 (Revision 4)
Contaminated Land Assessment City Rail Link
AECOM
Technical Report to Support Assessment of Environmental Effects (City Rail Link Notice of Requirement) Contaminated Land Assessment
Contaminated Land Assessment City Rail Link
Prepared for Auckland Transport
Prepared by AECOM New Zealand Limited
8 Mahuhu Crescent, Auckland 1010, PO Box 4241, Auckland 1140, New Zealand T +64 9 967 9200 F +64 9 967 9201 www.aecom.com
25 July 2012 (Revision 4)
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© AECOM New Zealand Limited (AECOM). All rights reserved. AECOM has prepared this document for the sole use of the Client and for a specific purpose, each as expressly stated in the document. No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of AECOM. AECOM undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. This document has been prepared based on the Client’s description of its requirements and AECOM’s experience, having regard to assumptions that AECOM can reasonably be expected to make in accordance with sound professional principles. AECOM may also have relied upon information provided by the Client and other third parties to prepare this document, some of which may not have been verified. Subject to the above conditions, this document may be transmitted, reproduced or disseminated only in its entirety.
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Table of Contents 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0 9.0 10.0
Glossary of Terms Executive Summary CRL Description 3.1 CRL Description 3.2 Areas of CRL Description of Particular Relevance to this Technical Report Existing Environment 4.1 CLA Scope and Objective 4.2 Geology and Hydrogeology 4.3 Topography and Drainage 4.4 Past and Present Land-use with Potential for Contamination 4.4.1 Past Land-use Activities 4.4.2 Current Land-use Activities Legislative Framework 5.1 Applicable Standards and Statutory Guidance 5.1.1 National Environmental Standard for Contaminants in Soil 5.1.2 Auckland Regional Plan: Air Land and Water 5.1.3 Auckland District Plan 5.2 Summary of Applicable Standards and Guidelines Technical Assessment Methodology and Findings 6.1 Methodology 6.2 Site History Review Summary - Technical Assessment 6.2.1 Past Land-use Activities 6.2.2 Current Land-use Activities 6.2.3 Previous Environmental Investigations 6.2.4 Site Inspection 6.3 Potential Contaminant Sources 6.3.1 Tier 1 Properties 6.3.2 Tier 2 Properties 6.3.3 Tier 3 Properties 6.4 Results from Preliminary Stage 2 ESA (2012) 6.4.1 Soil 6.4.2 Groundwater 6.4.3 Site Characterisation Summary 6.4.4 Waste Disposal and Leachability – 2012 Stage 2 ESA Data 6.5 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model Assessment of Effects on the Environment and Options for Avoiding, Remedying or Mitigating Adverse Effects 7.1 Positive Effects 7.2 Adverse Effects: Construction 7.3 Assessment of Adverse Effects for Construction 7.4 Operational Effects Conclusion References Limitations
1 3 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 11 11 12 12 15 16 19 21 21 21 22 22 22 24 25 26 26 28 28 28 29 38 38 39 40
Appendix A Tables and Figures
A
Appendix B Bore logs
B
Appendix C Aerial Photographs and Summary
C
Appendix D 2010 Investigation Data
D
Appendix E Additional Supporting Documentation
E
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Glossary of Terms
Term / Acronym
Meaning
AECOM
AECOM New Zealand Ltd
AEE
Assessment of Environmental Effects
ALWP
Auckland Council: Air, Land and Water Plan
ANZECC
Australia and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
APB&B
AECOM Parsons Brinckerhoff and Beca – an alliance that prepared the CBD Rail Link Study – Geotechnical Factual Report (April 2010).
ARTA
Auckland Regional Transport Authority
ASS
Acid sulphate soils
AT
Auckland Transport
BaP
Benzo(a)pyrene
BTEX
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene
CCA
Copper, chromium, arsenic
CCME
Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment
CDR
Concept Design Report
CEMP
Construction Environmental Management Plan
CLA
Contaminated Land Assessment
CMJ
Central motorway junction
CoPC
Contaminants of potential concern
CRL
City Rail Link
CSM
Conceptual Site Model
DEHP
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
DESG
Designation
District Plan
The CRL designation covers both the Central and Isthmus Sections of the District Plan administered by Auckland Council
DOP
Dioctyl phthalate
ECBF
East Coast Bays Formation
EMP
Environmental Management Plan
EMF
Environmental Management Framework
ESA
Environmental Site Assessment (Stage 1 & 2) conducted in 2012 Stage 1 relates to the historical desk study review Stage 2 relates to the site investigation
HAIL
Hazardous Activities and Industries list
LIM
Land Information Memorandum
LOR
Limit of Reporting
m bgl
metres below ground level
MAH
Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
MfE
Ministry for the Environment
MoH
Ministry of Health
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Term / Acronym
Meaning
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets
NAL
North Auckland Line
NEPC
National Environment Protection Council
NES
National Environmental Standard for assessing and managing contaminants in soil to protect human health
NoR
Notice of Requirement
NZDWS
New Zealand Drinking Water Standards
NZTA
New Zealand Transport Authority
Outline Plan
Section 176 A of Resource Management Act 1991 requires an outline plan to be developed providing the detailed description (i.e. height, shape and any other matters to avoid, remedy, or mitigate any adverse effects on the environment) of the public work, project, or work to be constructed on designated land. It must be submitted by the requiring authority to the territorial authority to allow the territorial authority to request changes before construction is commenced.
PAH
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PCB
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PCE
Tetrachloroethylene
PCP
Pentachlorophenol
PDP
Pattle Delamore Partners Ltd
PRP
Preliminary remediation plan
RAP
Remedial action plan
Riser Shafts
Vertical shafts that supply services (power, water, ventilation etc) to the stations and tunnels
RL
Reduced level
SCS
Soil contaminant standards
SI
Site investigation
SOPs
Standard operating procedures
Strata (designation)
Designation of land layer between the ground surface and the sub-strata designation. This starts at a nominated distance below the surface and extends down to meet the substrata designation (the tunnel envelope)
Sub-strata (designation)
Designation of land starting below the strata designation to the centre of the earth (provides for the rail tunnels)
Surface (designation)
designation of the ground surface (including air space above and land below to the centre of the earth)
SVOC
Semi volatile organic compounds
TBM
Tunnel boring machine
TCE
Trichloroethylene
TEF
Toxic equivalency factors
TPH
Total petroleum hydrocarbons
T&T
Tonkin and Taylor Ltd
UST
Underground storage tank
UXO
Unexploded ordinance
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Executive Summary
AECOM New Zealand Limited (AECOM) was engaged by Auckland Transport (AT) to undertake a Contaminated Land Assessment (CLA) to support the Notices of Requirement (NoR) for the City Rail Link (CRL). The objective of the CLA is to document areas of environmental concern, as well as to provide a process for identifying, assessing, and managing contamination along the CRL during construction and future operation. In accordance with the Resource Management (National Environmental Standard for assessing and managing contaminants in soil to protect human health) Regulations 2011 (NES), a staged approach was used for the CLA. Stage 1 and Stage 2 Preliminary Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) were completed for the assessment of contamination along the City Rail Link to support the preparation of the CLA. The Stage 1 ESA consisted of a desktop review of current and historic aerial photos, relevant Council records and inspections of the CRL. The findings of the Stage 1 ESA were evaluated through a preliminary risk assessment which identified areas most likely to have soil or groundwater contamination from past or current site activities. This information was then used as the foundation for the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA intrusive works, which included soil and groundwater sampling and analysis. Only sites which had a moderate or high risk were evaluated. Evaluation of risk of potential impact was carried out by developing three primary risk categories to assist in classifying their effects (assessed in Section 7.0). The risk categories were identified as Tier 1 to 3 as follows: -
Tier 1, relates to locations where contamination has been identified or is likely based on historic land-use and has the potential to be uncovered during the construction phase. These properties are either located directly on or immediately adjacent to the designation footprint where cut and cover or top down construction activities are anticipated.
-
Tier 2, relates to locations where the identified properties are either on or adjacent to the alignment and:
-
a.
contamination was previously identified and has been remediated and validated as suitable for its existing land-use, or
b.
considered to have a low risk of contamination being present based on its current or historic land-use.
Tier 3, relates to locations where contamination may be present from an existing or previous land-use but present little or no risk. This is because they:
are a significant distance from the CRL designation footprint,
are down gradient,
will not be subject to any construction works associated with the CRL and are unlikely to have any migration of contaminants to the CRL construction works, or
have been remediated and validated for their existing land-use and do not pose a risk for migration of contaminants to the study area.
Tier 2 and 3 sites have been reviewed as part of the Stage 1 ESA because of the potential for migration of contaminants (e.g., landfill gas and groundwater contamination can migrate long distances) and the need to demonstrate that the associated risks have been considered for the CRL. A number of other potential sources, not specifically identified within the vicinity of the designation footprint, include activities such as small quantities of dangerous goods, use of old electrical transformers, storage tanks for auxiliary power supplies in office building basements, dry cleaning chemicals and historic activities. Findings of the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA indicate that the risk is relatively low at most locations within the designation. Concentrations of arsenic at one location (TP107_0.9-1.0) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) at two locations (BH167_0.1-0.2 and TP104 0.6-0.7) exceeded the NES Soil Contaminant Standards (SCS) for protection of human health. The results show contaminants are present at a limited number of locations; the majority of the soil and groundwater samples analysed returned concentrations below the NES SCS. Other criteria were included for comparison purposes only. Concentrations of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and BaP were above Auckland Council’s Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water permitted discharge criteria at eleven locations, and arsenic was above recognised background levels at five locations. Refer to Section 6.4 for information on results of the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA (2012).
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Identified contamination or potential contamination has been assessed in the context of the construction of the CRL and is not applicable to existing land-use and should not be used to compare or assess the suitability for existing land-use. The findings of the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA were utilised to re-evaluate the potential risk at the investigated sites. This information forms the basis for the assessment of environmental effects and formulation of mitigation strategies. Based on the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA findings, the key potential adverse effects related to contamination requiring mitigation include: 1.
Exposure to workers and members of the public due to dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure pathways.
2.
Mobilisation of contaminants through the creation of preferential pathways.
3.
Contaminated sediment runoff into stormwater.
Note: refer to 2012 Air Quality Assessment for mitigation measures relating to dust and odour. Separate to this, and independent to consideration of environmental effects, other factors such as aggressive pH conditions on building materials will be assessed in future design phases. Sustainability will also be incorporated into the selected methodology for the remedial approach, including consideration of the carbon footprint / greenhouse gas generation. The above identified effects will require mitigation and management to address the health and safety of construction workers and the general public, together with environmental considerations. The mitigation and management requirements are consistent with accepted industry practice for contaminated sites in New Zealand. The options for mitigating these potential risks will be addressed in the Remediation Plan which forms part of the Environmental Management Plan and outlined in the Environmental Management Framework supporting the AEE. Actual implementation of control measures during construction will be addressed and managed under a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)/Remedial Action Plan (RAP) and Hazardous Materials 1 Removal Specification which will be developed for the construction phase . Key recommended mitigation and management measures include: 1)
Health and safety training and planning that addresses hazardous substances.
2)
Development and implementation of erosion control, dust control, and stormwater management plans.
3)
Appropriate soil and groundwater classification, management, and disposal.
With proper implementation of these measures, the risk to workers, members of the public, and the environment is considered to be low. Mitigation measures for the operational phase will be developed under the framework of the monitoring and management programme implemented during the construction phase and will address worker and public protection for areas where re-used contaminated soil may be excavated or contaminated groundwater may be encountered. Positive effects are possible in that contaminated soil (and possibly groundwater) will be removed from the area.
1 2
Refer to the Environmental Management Framework. Auckland Council Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water (2012).
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CRL Description
3.1
CRL Description
5
The CRL comprises the construction, operation and maintenance of a 3.4km underground passenger railway (including two tracks and three stations underground) running between Britomart Station and the North Auckland Line (NAL) in the vicinity of the existing Mount Eden Station and an additional 850 m of track modifications within the NAL. For ease of reference in this report, the stations included in the CRL NoR have been temporarily named Aotea Station, Karangahape Station and Newton Station. The stations will be formally named in the future. A more detailed description of the CRL is provided in the Assessment of Environmental Effects (AEE) which supports the NoR and the CRL 2012 Concept Design Report. This technical expert report has been developed by AECOM New Zealand Ltd (AECOM) to provide an independent expert assessment of the actual and potential effects associated with the CRL from a contamination perspective. This Contaminated Land Assessment (CLA) is an appendix to the AEE which supports the NoR to be served by Auckland Transport on Auckland Council to designate the CRL for future construction, operation and maintenance. The NoR covers surface land, strata land (protection area), and sub-strata land designations within the Auckland City District Plan (both Isthmus and Central Area Sections). AECOM confirms that the content of this report has been written with reference to the Key Project Parameters set out in the CRL 2012 Concept Design Report.
3.2
Areas of CRL Description of Particular Relevance to this Technical Report
This CLA focuses on the potential for contamination in areas required for the construction of the CRL within the top 10 - 15 m bgl (metres below ground level). This is due to the expected depth of uncontrolled fill material, the low permeability of the soil/rock at this depth (in general) and therefore the low potential for impact below this depth. Whilst the indicative construction phase of the CRL has been considered in this report, the actual management of the potential contamination identified in this report it will be addressed in more detail under the Outline Plan process and CEMP. The CLA has therefore focused on key areas of the 2012 Concept Design Report which include: -
Areas where an indicative cut and cover construction methodology is proposed.
-
Station locations where construction will occur at or near surface grade, including pedestrian access and service riser shafts.
A review of groundwater and soil quality both at surface and at depth will be undertaken to support the preliminary and detailed design at a later date and will be addressed as part of the consideration of future resource consents required under section 15 of the RMA relating to the discharge of contaminants into the environment. Auckland Council’s Air, Land and Water Plan2 (ALWP) is discussed in Section 5.0 as it relates to contamination but is not a matter of consideration for the NoR at this stage as further work to determine the compliance with the ALWP is a matter for future resource consents. The ALWP has been addressed in order to identify likely consenting considerations needed prior to the construction of the CRL. Site contamination data has a limited validity period, particularly on active Hazardous Activities and Industries List (HAIL) sites and therefore this detailed data collection program and assessment should be undertaken as part of preparing and obtaining resource consents.
4.0
Existing Environment
4.1
CLA Scope and Objective
The scope of the CLA included a Stage 1 and Stage 2 ESA as described in the NES, along with preparation of supporting documentation of findings. The Stage 1 ESA scope included a desktop study of current and historic 2
Auckland Council Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water (2012).
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Existing Environment
4.1
CLA Scope and Objective
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The scope of the CLA included a Stage 1 and Stage 2 ESA as described in the NES, along with preparation of supporting documentation of findings. The Stage 1 ESA scope included a desktop study of current and historic aerial photos, relevant Council records, and site reconnaissance. The Stage 2 ESA scope included collection and analysis of soil and groundwater samples, data and risk evaluation. The findings from the Stage 1 and Stage 2 ESA were used in the assessment of potential environmental effects and recommended mitigation and management measures. The objective of this CLA is to document areas of environmental concern, as well as to provide a process for identifying, assessing and managing contamination along the CRL during construction and future operation. CLA findings regarding the existing environment are presented below.
4.2
Geology and Hydrogeology
The geology beneath the Auckland region is described in Geological Map 3, Geology of the Auckland Area 1:250,000 (Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, 2001). The predominant geological setting is described as follows: -
Fill Fill has been reported at varying depths along the CRL, comprising a combination of bricks, basaltic scoria, concrete, silty clay and sandy clay.
-
Alluvium Tauranga Group materials comprising heterogeneous sand, silt, gravels, muds, reworked ignimbrite and organic soils.
-
Auckland Volcanic Field This comprises volcanic materials of basaltic origin and comprise the following fine grained volcanic rock, common throughout the CRL area.
-
basaltic lava – generally a low porosity rock but containing some fractures.
scoria – a regular vesicular gravel sized volcanic material ejected from a volcanic centre and typically forming a scoria cone.
ash and lapilli – fragments of rock and other volcanic materials less than 2 mm in diameter (i.e. sand, silt and clay), typically transported away from the volcanic centre in an ash cloud.
tuff – comminuted country rock and volcanic rock ejected from volcanic vents and commonly emplaced while still hot causing material to become partially welded (cemented).
East Coast Bays Formation (ECBF).
Comprises bedded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone and forms the basement rock with the CRL area.
Initial details of the geology for the CRL were provided in the 2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation Report, 3 4 prepared by APB&B , September 2010 . Variation in hydrology from marine influences was observed within reclamation fill in the lower city centre (MW11, MW35, MW45 and MW103) at a depth of 2.4-3.7 m bgl. Aquifers within ECBF (MW105 and MW5b) ranged from 4.9 to 5.4 m bgl and basalt (MW167) at a depth of 4.4m bgl. -5
The 2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation Report provided hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 1x10 to -8 1x10 m/sec within the various geological formations along the CRL. Aquifers within bedrock are considered to have a slightly higher conductivity than alluvial materials due to the presence of rock fractures.
APB&B – a consortium of consultant companies AECOM, Parsons Brinkerhoff and Beca who developed a concept design for the CRL for KiwiRail and the Auckland Regional Transport Authority (ARTA) in 2010. 4 CBD Rail Link Study – Geotechnical Factual Report, APB&B, 19 April 2010 for KiwiRail and Auckland Regional Transport Authority. 3
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Topography and Drainage
Auckland is built on a volcanic field, characterised by a landscape dotted with the remnants of cones and craters, ridges and valleys. The terrain climbs steeply from the Waitemata Harbour edge to meet ridges bounding the city on the east, west and south. Symonds Street is located along the north/south ridge, whilst K Road and Ponsonby Roads continue along the east/west ridge. The CRL will start at approximately reduced level (RL) -7.5 m at Britomart and conclude at approximately RL 69 m at the North Auckland Line (NAL, an elevation change of 76 m). The CRL runs beneath existing road surfaces. The roads and properties on or either side of the CRL are generally sealed with asphalt (sometimes concrete) and therefore surface runoff is controlled by a network of stormwater pipes. There are no open drainage channels/streams or areas of temporary ponded surface water. More detailed information is provided in the 2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation Report.
4.4
Past and Present Land-use with Potential for Contamination
This section presents a summary of properties identified as having potential for contamination based on their past and present land-use. The methodology for establishing this baseline information is further described in Section 6.0. Sites have been listed based on their potential for contaminating land-use activities to have been (or currently be) undertaken. The Ministry for Environment (MfE) has prepared a list of activities and industries which have the potential to cause contamination as well as identifying likely contaminants caused by each activity. The list is referred to as the Hazardous Activities and Industries List (HAIL) and is available on the MfE website (www.mfe.govt.nz). Additional methodology detail and an explanation of how these sites were selected, is provided in Section 6.0. 4.4.1
Past Land-use Activities
The CRL passes through Auckland’s early settlements which included the commercial centre (lower Queen Street), residential areas and the outlying industrial area of Newton, Eden Terrace and Mt Eden. A review of aerial photographs from 1940 to 2011, searches of Auckland Council databases and property files, previous 5 environmental investigations and property title searches identified a number of properties which are known to be or to have been contaminated. These are shown in Figure F2 Appendix A and listed in Section 0 and Table 7. The Auckland waterfront was reclaimed from the harbour from the 1860s through to the 1880s. Previous environmental investigations of properties located on the old reclamation fill have identified heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. In addition, there are historic petrol stations and vehicle workshops, railway yards, a timber processing and treatment yard, and an ammunition and plastics factory, all of which could have had activities that contaminated soil and/or groundwater. 4.4.2
Current Land-use Activities
A number of current land-use activities were identified as having potential for contamination. These were identified from aerial photographs, Council information on property files / resource consents / historical records, previous reports and inspection of the CRL designation footprint. These potentially contaminated properties are based on review of current land-use information provided in Appendix E (available on CD on request). These land use activities include hazardous substances use and storage, vehicle service and repairs and printing.
Previous environmental investigations identified during various search requests provide a baseline of information on a number of properties along or adjacent to the alignment. Refer to Section 6.2 for more detail. 5
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Legislative Framework
This Contaminated Land Assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the following guidelines: -
Resource Management (National Environmental Standard for Assessing and Managing Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health) Regulations 2011.
-
The Auckland Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water (ALWP) (Schedule 13, October 2010). Note that this Regional Plan is included for reference purposes only and is not applicable for NoR.
-
Auckland District Plan – Central and Isthmus Sections (where it doesn’t conflict with the NES). In areas where the District Plan is more lenient, the NES prevails).
Note that deleterious effects of contamination or aggressive parameters are managed under the Building Act 1991 and have not been considered in this report. Instead these should be managed under future assessments for preliminary and detailed design.
5.1
Applicable Standards and Statutory Guidance
5.1.1
National Environmental Standard for Contaminants in Soil
The National Environmental Standard (NES) for Assessing and Managing Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health, came into effect on 1 January 2012. The NES applies to land where an activity described in the MfE’s Hazard Activities and Industries List (HAIL is being, has been undertaken or it is more than likely such an activity or industry has been undertaken. The NES only applies under any of the following conditions for properties identified under HAIL as having potential for contamination: 1)
Removal of fuel storage system(s).
2)
Soil sampling.
3)
Earthworks activities / soil disturbance.
4)
Subdivision of land.
5)
Change of land-use.
Specific activities which trigger the NES include: 3
-
Where USTs are removed which involve >30 m of soil (in-situ volume) is to be disturbed/removed per UST pit.
-
Where soil disturbance is >25 m (in-situ volume) per 500 m of land.
-
Where soil removal is >5 m (in-situ volume) per 500 m of land per year. Note that the soil must be disposed of at a facility authorised to receive the material.
-
The period of soil disturbance is greater than 2 months.
-
Subdivision of land or change of land-use
3
3
2
2
Many of the above conditions and activities are present within the footprint and will trigger the NES during the development. Soil Contaminant Standards (SCSs) are given for 12 priority contaminants under the NES for five land-use scenarios. Methods for setting applicable numerical standards for contaminants in soil are also prescribed for the protection of human health. Soil results from this CLA were compared against the commercial/industrial land-use values for outdoor workers (unpaved). 5.1.2
Auckland Regional Plan: Air Land and Water
The Auckland Regional Plan: Air, Land and Water was made operative in part from 21 October 2010 to control discharge of contaminants. The plan makes reference to contaminated land in various places throughout the document. Note that this Regional Plan is included for reference purposes only and is not applicable for NoR but will be considered during resource consenting.
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In general the plan is more stringent than the NES. The plan allows investigation of contaminated sites, as a permitted activity, provided they are notified prior to the investigation works. Auckland Council was notified in writing for this assessment (refer to Appendix B). Guideline values provided under the Air, Land and Water Plan (ALWP) provide a baseline for what background values will be expected and applicable for future consents. They provide background concentrations for volcanic and non-volcanic soils and groundwater. The following rules will be relevant for future resource consenting: -
Rule 5.5.41: The threshold for Permitted Activities for discharge of contaminants. Consent is not required where Schedule 10 and Schedule 11 background values are not exceeded.
-
Rule 5.5.44: Controlled Activity requiring consent for discharge of contaminants due to land disturbance activities. Resource consent conditions are likely to require certain management or mitigation measures to be carried out relating to the identified contamination.
Permitted concentrations are provided in Schedule 10 for human health and for the environment (discharge criteria). 5.1.3
Auckland District Plan
The Auckland District Plan, Central and Isthmus Sections control the natural and physical resources of the defined areas. The District Plan contains requirements relating to contamination when undertaking earthworks for development and this report has considered these matters and the mitigation/ remediation matters related to this will be dealt with through the Outline Plan and Environmental Management Framework.
5.2
Summary of Applicable Standards and Guidelines
The applicable standards and guidelines used for the CLA were largely driven by requirements of the NES, together with further guidance from the MfE Contaminated Land Management Guidelines. The hierarchy for application of relevant acceptance criteria provided by the applicable standards and guidelines is described below in Table 1 for both soil and groundwater. Guidelines for commercial/industrial properties were used for evaluation of data. This follows the order of hierarchy in accordance with MfE Guidelines and Auckland Council requirements where available. A summary of the evaluation and selection of guideline values within the wider regulatory framework is provided in Appendix E. The hierarchy for accepted soil guidelines are identified in Table 1 below: Table 1: Hierarchy for acceptance criteria
Order of Applicability
Reference Document
1
NES for Contaminated Land – 12 priority contaminants, commercial/industrial land-use, 2011.
2
Petroleum Hydrocarbons - Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand, MfE, 2011. Commercial/industrial land-use, all pathways for soils (note that for resource consents, application of the soil values for protection of groundwater are also required).
3
Where dieldrin and lindane are observed, Identifying, Investigating and Managing Risks Associated with Former Sheep-dip Sites: A guide for local authorities, MfE 2006. Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Contaminated Gasworks Sites in New Zealand, MfE, August 1997. Health and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Timber Treatment Chemicals, New Zealand (MfE/MoH, June 1997).
4
Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2007.
5
NEPC, 1999. NEPM National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure, Adelaide South Australia (NEPC, 1999).
6
Health WA, 2009. Guidelines for the Assessment, Remediation and Management of AsbestosContaminated Sites in Western Australia, Department of Health (Health WA) May 2009.
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Notes: -
Refer to MfE 2011, Method for Deriving Standards for Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health. Wellington: Ministry for the Environment for how appropriate guideline levels are derived and used.
-
BaP Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF) are different between the NES and MfE documents. This CLA uses the NES method for deriving the BaP TEF.
-
Groundwater and waste classification guidelines have not been included in this section as they are not required for NoR purposes. They are discussed further in Appendix E. Refer to the Groundwater Bore Search Sections in Section 6.2.1.3 and 6.2.2.3 for reference to groundwater extraction in the vicinity of the CRL.
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Technical Assessment Methodology and Findings
6.1
Methodology
11
An overview of the technical assessment methodology is presented in Table 2 below. Table 2: Technical Assessment Methodology
Work Activity
Description
Site inspection
A site inspection was undertaken by David Dangerfield of AECOM on 23 February 2012 to identify actual and potential contaminant sources, obvious from a visual inspection of the CRL.
Site history review
A desktop review of historical aerial photos and relevant historical documentation to identify potentially contaminating practices which may have occurred on or nearby the CRL was completed. Searches included review of permits and consents, reported incidents, review of available previous environmental reports and review of the contaminated sites file of the Auckland Council.
Geological and hydrogeological review
A search of the Auckland Council’s database of properties within a 1 km radius of the CRL and a review of other relevant geological and hydrogeological resources to assess the general sensitivity of the environment within the vicinity of the site.
Preliminary risk evaluation
A preliminary risk assessment was conducted based on the findings from the Stage 1 ESA. This risk assessment provided the basis for the targeted Stage 2 ESA and preparation of this CLA Report. It has since been developed further to include information from the Stage 2 ESA. The outcome of the preliminary risk assessment was incorporated into the assessment of effects, considered in Table 7.
Initial Reporting
Preparation of a Stage 1 ESA report summarising the findings of the desktop review in preparation for intrusive works and completion of this CLA report.
Development of Sampling Rationale
The sampling rationale was based on the primary drivers of the NES which included assessment of human health and collection of data in near surface locations along the CRL focusing on areas identified as having potential risk of contamination based on landuse. Soil sampling from test pit (excavator) and boreholes (drill rig and/or hand auger) was selected as the appropriate method for evaluating the presence or absence of contaminants in soil at areas where indicative cut and cover construction is outlined in the 2012 Concept Design Report. Existing groundwater monitoring wells included: Three wells already installed by Beca for the Britomart development were included in the groundwater monitoring program. These locations are defined as BHI1 (on Tyler Street and renamed MW11), BH35 (on Galway Street and renamed MW35) and BH45 (in Queen Elizabeth Square and renamed MW45). An un-consented well located in Lower Albert Street outside the Downtown Shopping Centre. This location was given the reference MW103 as no details for this well were available. Sampling was also undertaken at the monitoring well MB5b which was previously installed as part of the geotechnical investigation for KiwiRail and ARTA6. No previous environmental sampling had been undertaken at this location and this monitoring well screened the target depth for this CLA (meaning that the portion of the aquifer targeted by this well was within the depth ranged necessary to be applicable for consideration in this CLA). This location is in the vicinity of the anticipated cut and cover section south of Newton Station. Two additional groundwater monitoring wells were installed in 2012 to provide more complete information regarding groundwater quality. Analytes (chemicals scheduled for analysis) were selected based on knowledge of potentially contaminating activities in the vicinity of the sampling locations.
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Geotechnical Site Investigation (Factual Report), APB&B, 19 April 2010
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Work Activity
Description
Intrusive site investigation
Seven test pits were advanced within the NAL rail corridor and 10 boreholes at selected locations along the CRL, targeting the proposed station areas and areas of anticipated cut and cover in the vicinity of Britomart and Mount Eden. Establishment and sampling of groundwater monitoring wells was also undertaken. The methodology for the site investigation works undertaken were as follows: Nine machine boreholes: The methodology for the site investigation works undertaken were as follows: Nine machine boreholes: 3 x 10 m -BH102, BH103, BH105. 2 x 6 m – BH116 (re-located from BH118), BH134. 4 x 5 m - BH154, BH162, BH167, TP106. One hand auger location: 1 borehole to refusal on shallow basalt bedrock atat Eden Terrace – TP103. Seven test pits (7 x 3 m – TP101, TP102, TP104, TP105, TP107, TP108 and 109). Seven monitoring wells were selected as follows: Two boreholes were established as monitoring wells during the site investigation works for groundwater sampling and analyses (MW105 and MW167). Five existing monitoring wells were utilised from previous developments. Samples were collected and analysed from MW11, MW35, MW45, MW103, MW5b. Laboratory analyses (approximately 48 soil samples and 15 water/groundwater samples) – includes QA/QC sampling requirements (refer to the Appendix E). Preparation of this report, identifying likely triggers of the NES (land-use changes, excavation). The methodology for the site investigation was developed to provide soil and groundwater quality data at each location where near surface strata are likely to be disturbed. Inferred groundwater flow directions from the monitoring wells were not identified due to the distances separating the majority of the wells and the CRL objectives for this CLA. Co-ordinates for borehole locations are available in Appendix B. Additional detail regarding field methodology is provided in the QA/QC section of Appendix E.
6.2
Site History Review Summary - Technical Assessment
This section describes the steps taken to construct a site history for properties along the CRL. The site history review was undertaken in accordance with the MfE’s Contaminated Land Management Guidelines. 6.2.1
Past Land-use Activities
6.2.1.1
Aerial Photographs
Historical aerial photographs were obtained by AECOM as part of the site history review through NZ Aerial Mapping Ltd (NZAM) and the Auckland Council GIS Viewer. Details of the aerial photographs and general observations are summarised in Table C.1 in Appendix C, including copies of aerial photographs. The aerial photographs identify approximate dates of land-use activities both on the CRL and surrounding properties. Locations are referenced by chainage from Britomart. The photographs were used as an additional line of evidence and whilst no potential contaminated sites were identified through this process, they assisted in dating developments on the properties of particular interest. Note that the quality of early photographs, particularly those from the 1940s, made detailed observations of individual properties difficult. 6.2.1.2
Historical Title Information
Given the number of sites along the CRL, certificates of title showing the historic property ownership were not obtained for all properties due to the low risk of potential contamination from the existing land-use within the designation footprint. A comprehensive title and transaction report and property summary report was obtained for 14 properties identified as a result of the desk top review along the CRL. The properties were selected based on information from Auckland Council’s Specialist Input Division and Licensing and Compliance, as sites with the potential to be contaminated based on past or current land-use. These reports identify previous owners of
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properties, however they do not show ownership of land prior to any subdivision. A review of historical owners from these properties did not identify any additional potential contaminating activities. Refer to Section 6.2.2.2 of Current Land-use, below. 6.2.1.3
Auckland Council Archive Information
Information was reviewed from the Auckland Council divisions listed below. Additional detail is available in the Appendix E. The search radius used is consistent with industry standards and was selected in order to address sites which could be contaminated within the CRL, as a result of potential contaminant migration. Specialist Input Division The Specialist Input Division (former Auckland Regional Council) search provided information relating to incidents and consents within a 200 m radius of the CRL. The search radius of 200 m was selected in order to address the probable extent of influence of contamination from properties around the CRL, for surface development, anticipated cut and cover and tunnel sections. Note that this excludes landfills which are discussed below in the Environmental Services Unit - Closed Landfills section. A copy of relevant incidents and resource consents provided by Auckland Council are included in Appendix E. A summary of contamination information at key locations along the CRL is presented in this report. Specific report references and summaries are provided in the search information summary and are also documented in this report. Those properties considered in this section are either within the designation footprint or near to the designation footprint, or topographically up gradient from the designation footprint with potential to pose a risk. No incidents or consents were identified for properties located within the main construction yard area north of the NAL. Contaminated site information that was reviewed (as summarised in Appendix E) from sites not directly within the CRL designation footprint are listed below: -
30-50 Customs Street East
-
69-95 Customs Street East
-
73-89 Customs Street East
-
52-54 Fort Street
-
80 Queen Street
-
1 Exmouth Street – petrol station
-
10-12 Exmouth Street – underground storage tank (UST) removed
-
14-16 Exmouth Street – oil seepage
These sites were reviewed to determine whether contaminating activities at the sites could adversely affect the environment through or during the construction of the CRL. Reports indicated remediation had occurred at most sites to a standard satisfactory to Auckland Council, with the exception of the identified foreshore reclamation. Pollution response and incident report files for the Waitemata Catchment, which includes Auckland Central, were also reviewed to identify any event which has the potential to have a residual contamination effect. Most events were small and none would be expected to have the potential for ongoing effects. The types of events reported include: -
Illegal dumping of paint, concrete washing or cutting and cooking oil or fat into a stormwater drain
-
Dry weather sewage overflows
-
Car accidents or leaking of fuel or oil from vehicles (usually small volumes)
Licensing and Compliance Division The Environmental Health Division search provided information relating to licensing and compliance information held by the former Auckland City Council. Based on records held by the Specialist Input Division, together with other search information such as Council Land Information Memorandum (LIM) reports, a selection of 16 property files were searched by the Licensing and Compliance Division to determine if any record of contaminating activities was available. Refer to Table 4 below for details on current land-use sites.
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Records likely to be of interest to the CRL were viewed from CDs obtained from the Auckland Council (not included in this report). The search identified five sites where historic land contamination was either likely to be present or where it has been cleaned up as part of land-use change / development. A summary of contamination information (as obtained from the licensing and compliance division of Auckland Council) at key locations along the CRL is included in Appendix E and has been used in assessing environmental effects in Section 7.0. Groundwater Database Information A search of available groundwater bores was undertaken with Auckland Council which identified 238 wells within a 1 km radius of the CRL. Refer to Figure F3 for locations of these wells and a summary of groundwater well network information is provided in Appendix E, together with a summary of a review of existing bore logs of a number of wells within the CRL. The majority of the consents for monitoring wells relate to geotechnical or environmental purposes. Note that additional wells that have not been consented are likely to be along the CRL. One such well was identified adjacent to the Downtown Shopping Centre on Lower Albert Street. The following locations were identified, however they are unlikely to be in use (based on current land-use): -
Abels Limited, approximately 800 m to the east – extraction for industrial use (consent to install the well expired in 1993). This site has since been developed into a commercial office building and is unlikely to be still in use.
-
Carter Holt Harvey Ltd, approximately 10 m to the south (existing NAL) – extraction for irrigation purposes (consent to install the well expired in 1995). This is unlikely to still be in use.
Environmental Services Unit - Closed Landfills The Environmental Services Unit of Auckland Council was approached to identify any registered landfills in the vicinity of the CRL. Auckland Council provided the following information: Three closed landfills were identified within 200 m of the CRL as follows: -
Mountain Road.
-
Asquith.
-
Exmouth/Basque.
These are shown in Figure F2 in Appendix A. Auckland Council hold minimal information on these closed landfills but they note the following: -
They appear to be very old (no dates given).
-
They appear to be small in size (do not encompass the full areas defined in Figure F2).
-
They do not feature high on Auckland Council’s landfill rating system.
-
There are no reports / evidence of the generation of either landfill gas or leachate in sufficient quantities to indicate the need for targeted bores/monitoring.
-
None of these sites are consented for gas/leachate discharge.
-
None of these sites are monitored for landfill gas and therefore no information on gas production is available.
-
Exmouth/Basque Reserve has some limited groundwater monitoring that appears to have identified contaminant sources other than landfill (i.e. stormwater). The reserve is however located adjacent to a site found to be impacted with high concentrations of BaP and arsenic above guideline levels. The site well is installed on the Reserve adjacent to Fleet Street, well to the west of the CRL.
Auckland Council noted that “the migration of landfill gas can occur up to some 400 m away from the footprint of a 7 closed landfill” . Potential for migration of contaminants from these sites is considered in Section 0.
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Source: Information provided by a Senior Contaminated Land & Closed Landfill Advisor at Auckland Council.
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Current Land-use Activities
6.2.2.1
Aerial Photography
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Historical aerial photographs for the CRL are included in Appendix C. The most recent aerial photograph reviewed was taken in 2010 (provided by the Auckland Council GIS database website). No additional potentially contaminating land-use activities were identified from those described in Section 6.2.1.1 above. 6.2.2.2
Property Title Information
Property title information was obtained for 14 targeted properties (as discussed in Section 6.2.1.2). The properties were selected based on information from Auckland Council’s Specialist Input Division and Licensing and Compliance, as sites with the potential to be contaminated based on past land-use. The property title information was obtained using Terralink, an online property information database. Copies of the reports are available on request. The searches included: -
Comprehensive Title and Transaction Report.
-
Property Summary Report.
A summary of the properties searched and pertinent information relating to current land-use activities is provided in Appendix E. Comments are provided identifying the likelihood of contamination being present. 6.2.2.3
Auckland Council
Specialist Input Division The following table (Table 3) provides a summary of sites identified by the Specialist Input Division as having incidents or consents. Table 3: Incident and Consent Search Summary – Current Land-use
Address
File Number
Finding/Description
Queen Street Station (Britomart)
C512-122700
Borehole logs from Queen Street Station resource consent 25007 (2001). Review shows fill to a depth of 2.5m to 5m and consists mainly of silt and fragments of brick, concrete, rubble, etc.
21 Queen Street (Zurich House)
5-42-3919
Site flagged as potentially contaminated due to presence of above ground storage tank in basement of building. A desk top contamination investigation was completed in 2007, correspondence states all excavated waste to be sent to landfill due to lack of intrusive investigation.
Licensing and Compliance Division The following table (Table 4) provides a summary of sites identified as having current land-use activities of interest from Auckland Council’s Licensing and Compliance Division (Formerly Environmental Health Division). Table 4: Property File Incident and Consent Search Summary – Current Land-use
Address
Finding/Description
21 Queen Street, Auckland Central City
Has a Dangerous Goods License for a diesel fuel tank in the basement. Historic reclamation fill material present.
Groundwater Database Information The following consented wells likely to still be in use (based on current land-use) within 1 km of the CRL are as follows: -
The former Lion Nathan Brewery site on Khyber Pass Road Newmarket, approximately 800 m to the east – two wells for extraction for groundwater for the brewery/industrial supply. It is unlikely that these are still used.
-
Auckland Council, approximately 900 m (east) – extraction for irrigation purposes. The well has potentially been installed and may be in use.
-
Auckland Healthcare (Auckland Hospital), approximately 700 m (northeast). The well has potentially been installed and may be in use.
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These wells are unlikely to be hydraulically connected to the CRL, however this should be considered further in a later design phase. 6.2.3
Previous Environmental Investigations
Previous environmental investigations reviewed include investigations obtained from Council files as well as relevant reports previously prepared in 2009 and 2010 for the KiwiRail and ARTA. In reviewing Council files for each selected property only the most recent or particularly relevant environmental investigation reports were reviewed in detail. Full references and details of each report are available in the Specialist Input Division search summary in Appendix E. Other environmental investigation reports or correspondence may be on file but contents are contained within subsequent reports so only the most recent report has been referenced. Refer to Table 3 above and Appendix E for a summary of council search information collected from available previous environmental investigations. 6.2.3.1
Zurich House
The report reviewed in detail is as follows: -
Tonkin & Taylor, 5 Sept 2007. Proposed Re-development of Downtown House - Contamination Desk Study.
21 Queen Street is a commercial office building (Zurich House). The property is listed as a contaminated site due to the presence of a 2,500 L diesel fuel tank in the basement. The storage tank is contained with a separate room in the basement and a visual inspection in 2007 found no evidence of leaking or staining. There is no mention in the Contamination Desk Study Report of the pipelines for the storage tank. The site is also within the foreshore area reclaimed in the late 1800s. No intrusive investigation was completed for this site, however correspondence stipulates any material encountered on-site must be treated as contaminated due to other environmental investigations for sites within the reclaimed foreshore showing contamination. 6.2.3.2
Former Service Station, 14-16 Pitt Street
The report reviewed in detail is as follows: -
ERM, 8 Sept 2010. Soil Validation Investigation, Pitt St, Corner of Pitt Street and Vincent Street, Auckland City, New Zealand. Report for Greenstone Energy Limited.
A petrol station located at 14-16 Pitt Street was remediated in 2010. MfE Contaminated Land Management Guidelines were followed and the site validation investigation held on the Auckland Council files. Correspondence from the then Auckland Regional Council confirms the site appears to meet Tier 1 soil acceptance criteria for commercial land-use and is a permitted activity. 6.2.3.3
Former Timber Treatment Site, Mt Eden
The reports reviewed in detail are as follows: -
Woodward-Clyde, March 1996. Carter Holt Harvey Ltd Mt Eden Site, Remediation Validation.
-
Woodward-Clyde, April 1997. Carter Holt Harvey Mt Eden St, Monitoring and Contingency Plan.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, Feb 1998. Assessment of Environmental Effects, Proposed Redevelopment of Former Yard 6 Area of Carter Holt Harvey Timber Processing Site, Mt Eden. Phase 1 (Residential). Prepared for Practec Group Limited.
-
Woodward-Clyde, March 1998. Bore Sealing Completion Report. Prepared for CHH.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, May 2005. Letter Report: Eden 5 and 6 Development - Resource Consent AO/99/622: Site Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment Report. Prepared for Redwood Group Limited.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, May 2005. Remedial Action Plan for soil contamination for Eden 5 and 6. Prepared for Redwood Group Limited.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, Jan 2008. Letter Report – Resource Consent 25902 Groundwater Monitoring.
The area between Harold, Edwin and Enfield Streets to Normanby Road and encompassing Mary Street was the site of timber processing activities until 1994. The area contained a boron dip (known as Yard 6) between Harold and Mary Streets, a plywood factory, outdoor timber storage and drying, and a CCA treatment plant (corner Edwin and Normanby Road).
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A full contaminated site investigation was completed between 1995 and 1997, and reported in compliance with the MfE Contaminated Land Management Guidelines. It included: reports on detailed site investigations (soil and groundwater); a remedial action plan; a site validation report; and the ongoing monitoring and management plan. The sites were remediated and included the removal of contaminated soil. The sites were backfilled with low permeable fill and sealed to prevent rain water ingress and contaminant migration; however, areas of contamination still remain in place. Contaminants of concern were copper, chromium, arsenic, lead and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Groundwater was monitored for soluble metals (arsenic, chromium, and boron) at a down gradient monitoring well, located on Normanby Road. Recent monitoring showed concentrations were consistently below the consent trigger levels and showed a downward trend. A small petrol station/vehicle workshop was located on Mary Street and hydrocarbon contamination was found in the vicinity of the garage. Three USTs were removed in 1995. Subsequent site developments have also resulted in contaminated site investigations to determine the remaining levels of contamination and any further remediation required. In all cases residual contamination is present but not considered to be mobile and remediation has involved removal of soil to managed landfill and creating an impervious layer across the site. Design and construction methodology has retained ‘site seal’ to prevent contact with contaminated material. 6.2.3.4
Former Ammunition Factory, Mt Eden
The reports reviewed in detail are as follows: -
Pattle Delamore Partners, Apr 2003. Letter Report: Normanby Mews Residential Development, 30 Normanby Rd, Site Validation Report. Addressed to Auckland City.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, Jun 2004. Letter Report: Assessment of Effects on Groundwater. Addressed to ARC.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, Nov 2004. Letter Report: Groundwater Monitoring Consents 26096 and 28086. Addressed to ARC.
-
Pattle Delamore Partners, May 2006. Letter Report: Groundwater Monitoring Consents 26096 and 28086
An ammunition factory (later used to manufacture plastic containers) is known to have occupied the corner of Normanby Road and Enfield Street from 1885 to 1985. The site included a shot tower which has been preserved. A full contaminated site investigation was completed in 2003, and reported in compliance with the MfE Contaminated Land Management Guidelines and included: reports on detailed site investigations (soil and groundwater); remedial action plan; site validation report; and the ongoing monitoring and management plan. Investigations found the highest levels of contamination were located around the shot tower with lead and arsenic concentrations across the site above residential criteria. Groundwater flows in a north-west direction across the site. Trace levels of arsenic and di-n-butylphthalate were detected in groundwater (below ANZECC guideline levels). 6.2.3.5
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2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation
The following provides a summary of the 2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation for KiwiRail and ARTA and included a limited sampling and analysis program for contamination. The bore logs and figures from this investigation are included in Appendix D. The scope of the contamination sampling element of the investigation included the drilling of eight boreholes at six locations (referred to as bore hole sites) using either open barrel cores or wash drilling. Soil sampling was undertaken to a maximum depth of 2.5 m, with one to two samples being collected across the 2.5 m profile for laboratory analysis. Soil samples were analysed for the following parameters: -
pH, exchangeable acidity.
-
Chloride, sulphate, sulphide, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium.
-
Redox potential, soil resistivity.
-
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs).
-
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).
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2010 Geotechnical Site Investigation (Factual Report), APB&B, 19 April 2010.
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Heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], mercury [Hg], lead [Pb], nickel [Ni], zinc [Zn]).
Groundwater samples were collected from eight locations (MB1a, MB1b, MB3a, MB3c, MB4a, MB4b, MB6a); refer to Appendix D for these borehole locations. Monitoring well depths ranged in terms of total depth from 5.0 m bgl (at MB3c) to 55.6 m bgl (at MB4a). These locations were sampled and tested for the following parameters: -
pH, conductivity, total alkalinity.
-
Total dissolved solids.
-
Chloride, sulphate, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium.
-
Carbonate, bicarbonate.
-
Temperature.
-
SVOCs.
-
TPH.
-
Soluble heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn).
Groundwater results from MB1b, MB3c and MB4b were considered most relevant for the CRL CLA based on the depth screened. Location MB5b was also a relevant location although no groundwater results were available. Environmental testing / analysis reported strong odours at near surface (< 1 m) within borehole MB1 which could not be identified. The odours dissipated quickly while in the field and did not appear to feature in the analytical results; however, it should be noted that TPH10,000 mg/kg) with the highest recorded concentration of 568.9 mg/kg at TP104_0.2 which was also above the Schedule 10 criteria. All samples analysed for lead had concentrations below the NES 2011 assessment criteria (880 mg/kg) but all were above the laboratory LOR. Two samples reported concentrations above the Schedule 10 criteria of 250 mg/kg as follows: BH167_0.1 – 0.2 (311.5 mg/kg) and TP109_0.2 (288.9 mg/kg). In total, 38 samples were analysed for mercury and 16 samples were above the laboratory LOR. All samples analysed for mercury were well below the assessment criteria (1,800 mg/kg) with the highest recorded concentration at TP108 0.2 (4.8 mg/kg). Forty-one samples were analysed for nickel and zinc. Criteria for nickel and zinc have not been provided under the NES. Although concentrations exceeded the Schedule 10 criteria (11 times for nickel and two times for zinc), these concentrations were all below the background level for volcanic soils. The highest nickel concentration recorded was at BH134 0.1–0.2 (264.7 mg/kg). The highest recorded concentration of zinc was at sample location TP108_0.2 (878.1 mg/kg). All samples were above the laboratory LOR with the exception of one nickel sample. 6.4.1.1.1
Background (Heavy Metals)
Concentrations for arsenic were above maximum background levels for volcanic soils in Schedule 11 for the following five locations: BH167_0.1-0.2, BH167_1.0-1.2, TP107_0.3, TP107_0.9-1.0, TP108_0.2. Cadmium reported one sample to be above background levels (TP104_0.2) at 3.4 mg/kg. Copper was above the maximum Schedule 11 criteria of 90 mg/kg in five samples. Lead was above background in 11 samples analysed. Three samples were above background concentrations for mercury. Results for boron, chromium, nickel and zinc were all below background levels. 6.4.1.2
VOCs/SVOCs
Three samples were analysed for chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). All samples were below the LOR. Eleven samples were analysed for a VOC and SVOC screen of analytes, all of which were below the LOR. 6.4.1.3
TPH
Forty-one samples were analysed for TPH. All sample results for TPH (C7 – C9) and (C10 – C14) fractions were below the assessment criteria and the laboratory LOR. TPH range (C15-C36) reported detectable concentrations below the assessment criteria in eight locations. 6.4.1.4
BTEX Compounds
In total, 27 samples were analysed for BTEX compounds. All samples were below assessment criteria and the laboratory LOR.
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PAHs/ Phenols
The primary screening criteria for PAH compounds is the B(a)P Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF). Two locations exceeded the NES criteria for this value (BH167_0.1-0.2 and TP104 0.6-0.7). Forty-one samples were analysed for PAHs. BH116_0.5-0.6, BH167 0.1-0.2, TP104 0.2, TP104 0.6-0.7, TP108 0.2 and TP109 1-1.1 recorded elevated concentrations of B(a)P TEF above the Schedule 10 criteria. All other samples had PAHs concentrations either below or slightly above the laboratory LOR. TP104_0.6-0.7 reported a B(a)P result of 33.43 mg/kg and Total PAH concentration of 418 mg/kg. BH167_0.1-0.2 reported a B(a)P result of 33.82 mg/kg and Total PAHs of 393.5 mg/kg. A total of 11 samples were analysed for either speciated or total phenols. All samples reported concentrations below the laboratory LOR. 6.4.1.6
Pesticides
Twelve samples were analysed for organochlorine pesticides. All samples selected for analysis were below the criteria and LOR. 6.4.1.7
Asbestos
Eighteen near-surface soil samples were analysed for asbestos by Dowdell Associates (Dowdell Laboratory). All samples reported ‘Asbestos not detected’. 6.4.2
Groundwater
Groundwater samples were collected from seven monitoring wells in the vicinity of Britomart and Shaddock Street on the 19 April 2012. Assessment criteria used for comparison with sample results are the ANZECC (2000) marine water (80%) and the fresh water (80%) guidelines. New Zealand Drinking Water Standards (NZDWS) (see Table T2 in Appendix A) were included for comparison purposes only. 6.4.2.1
Heavy Metals
Groundwater samples (excluding MW5b) were field filtered and analysed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Samples from MW5b were filtered at the laboratory as samples were heavily laden with fine sediment which could not be field filtered. Samples collected from MW35, MW45 and MW103 required dilution due to high levels of sodium and chloride for heavy metals analysis (due to proximity to the harbour). This resulted in some laboratory LORs being reported as higher than what is normally achieved and above the assessment criteria. Across all three monitoring wells, cadmium, chromium and copper laboratory LORs were higher than each respective parameters assessment criteria. MW35 and MW45 also reported the zinc laboratory LOR as higher than the assessment criteria. MW45 reported lead and nickel laboratory LORs as higher than the assessment criteria. Groundwater samples collected from MW11 and MW35 returned concentrations of arsenic above the NZDWS assessment criteria (0.01 mg/L) which is not applicable for marine water. Copper concentrations exceeded the fresh water criteria (0.0025 mg/L) at MW5b with a concentration of 0.07549 mg/L, MW11 and MW105 samples were below the laboratory LOR and assessment criteria. Concentrations of lead exceeded the marine (0.012 mg/L) criteria at MW103 with a concentration of 0.01562 mg/L. Nickel concentrations did not exceed the relevant criteria. Laboratory analysis results for mercury at all monitoring wells were below the assessment criteria and in most cases the laboratory LOR. 6.4.2.2
BTEX Compounds
Only MW35 and MW5b samples were analysed for BTEX compounds. All results are well below the assessment criteria and the laboratory LOR. 6.4.2.3
PAHs/ Phenols
All monitoring well samples were screened for PAHs. All results were below the laboratory LOR. Total phenols were screened for in samples from MW103, MW11, MW167, and MW35. The total phenols concentration at MW103 was below an elevated laboratory LOR (due to matrix interference), concentrations at MW11, MW167 and MW35 were 0.024 mg/L, 0.0022 mg/L and 0.024 mg/L respectively. A criterion was not
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selected for total phenols, however the ANZECC (2000) marine water (80%) and the fresh water (80%) guidelines for phenol (0.720 mg/L and 1.200 mg/L respectively) indicate that the LOR (detection limit) was considered acceptable and all results were below these criteria. 6.4.2.4
Cyanide
Samples from monitoring wells MW103, MW11, MW35 and MW45 were analysed for total cyanide. MW103, MW35 and MW45 returned results below the laboratory LOR and assessment criteria. The concentration of total cyanide for MW11 was 0.0029 mg/L, below the lowest assessment criteria of 0.014 mg/L (ANZECC (2000) marine water (80%)). 6.4.2.5
TPH
All groundwater samples were analysed for TPH. Analytical results for TPH concentrations in groundwater were reported below the laboratory LOR in all monitoring wells and applicable assessment criteria. 6.4.2.6
Other Analytes
MW45 samples were also screened for fungicides, herbicides, pesticides, and PCBs. All results for these groups of analytes were below the laboratory LOR and any applicable assessment criteria. The SVOC Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) also known as Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) was above the NZDWS (9 µg/L) at location MB1b on Mayoral Drive. This represents an exceedence of almost four times the selected criteria. The source is unknown and was not specifically identified in the Stage 1 ESA; however, DEHP is a chemical plasticiser related to the manufacture of PVC products. It is largely non-soluble in water, therefore retarding its mobility in soil. It is slightly hazardous to skin and eyes (irritant). A number of studies indicate possible links to obesity effects, effects on sexual organs and cardiovascular effects in humans as a result of inhalation and ingestion. It should be noted that elevated concentrations of DEHP shown in sample analyses are potentially a result of DEHP leaching from new tubing used in the field or laboratory rather than from actual groundwater contamination. Additional evaluation during future investigations may provide clarification (e.g., as part of detailed design). 6.4.3
Site Characterisation Summary
Four soil sample locations reported elevated concentrations of contaminants above the NES criteria for Commercial / Industrial land-use. Arsenic was present in TP107 at a depth of 0.9-1.0 m bgl at a concentration nearly four times the NES criterion. The origins of this contamination are unknown although it is located on the opposite side of the NAL, adjacent to the former ammunitions factory and is also nearby the former timber treatment site (refer to Figures F2). PAHs were analysed as 16 priority compounds. Locations BH167 and TP104 reported B(a)P TEF above the NES. 9 BH167 was beneath a roadway. A ‘RossPlot’ analysis was undertaken on these two concentrations and the origins of PAH at TP104 (former rail yard) at a depth of 0.6 - 0.7 m appear to be very similar to that of BH167. The analysis showed the samples to be indicative of coal ash resulting from moderately complete combustion decomposition, and therefore of relatively low risk to human health or the environment, although still above the NES. Areas with NES exceedences in the soil will require additional characterisation as part of detailed design to more fully delineate the extent of contamination. Groundwater will be addressed in future resource consents, however, results were obtained where possible to identify contaminants which may have leached into groundwater. 10
Results were compared to the ANZECC criteria for 80% species protection, which is consistent with ALWP consenting requirements as well as the NZDWS (2005) (see Table T5, Appendix A). Concentrations of lead, nickel and zinc were present slightly above the marine criteria for MW103. MB5b exceeded the freshwater criteria for copper by one order of magnitude, and was just above the criteria for zinc.
9
‘Are we wasting money on some PAH cleanups?’ CleanUp09, Adelaide 2009, Ross McFarland et al, ENSR/AECOM. Australia and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, 2000.
10
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Waste Disposal and Leachability – 2012 Stage 2 ESA Data
This section is included for information purposes only and is not specifically required for NoR. Results from soil sampling data collected from the Stage 2 ESA were compared to the Class A and B Landfills criteria, MfE (May, 2004), as shown in Table T3 of Appendix A. Limited analysis assessing leachability was conducted to assist in waste classification and disposal. The selected samples were analysed in order to ensure this data was collected within approved laboratory holding times to enable use of this data. Ten samples were analysed for targeted suits of heavy metals and PAHs based on primary results. Most results showed a low level of leachability; however, disposal will require further assessment as part of detailed design as some primary results were elevated above the Landfill Class A Criteria for Cleanfills (MfE, May 2004). Specific landfill criteria have not been included as part of the scope of this review. Further assessment works will also facilitate classification of material into cleanfill, managed fill and contaminated fill, requiring management on-site or off-site disposal.
6.5
Preliminary Conceptual Site Model
A conceptual site model (CSM) is the qualitative description of the plausible mechanisms by which human or environmental receptors may be exposed to the CoPCs. A CSM was developed to provide an overall understanding of the potential impacts from the development. For an impact to be considered possible, some mechanism (‘pathway’) must exist by which the CoPC from a given source can reach a given receptor. These ‘source-pathway-receptor’ relationships are often referred to as ‘pollutant linkages’. Where a linkage exists then the significance of potential exposure needs to be considered in more detail. Key components of the qualitative description for the CSM include: -
understanding the environmental setting in which the CoPCs are present, in which contamination migrates, and in which receptors are located. This understanding forms the basis of understanding the potential linkages between contaminant sources, pathways and receptors;
-
determining the source of and extent of CoPCs;
-
identifying receptors that may have potential pollutant linkages with site based CoPCs;
-
identifying the pathways that may link the CoPCs to receptors; and
-
completion of a qualitative assessment using all of the above information to assess the credible linkages (‘pollutant linkages’) between CoPCs, identified pathways and identified receptors.
A CSM was developed for the CRL based on the type, location and migration pathways of contamination along the CRL designation using all the available data from both the 2010 investigation and 2012 ESA. The following Table 6 identifies the potential sources, pathways and receptors including potential pollutant linkages. Table 6: Conceptual Site Model
Consideration
Details
Known sources of material/activities within the study area
Impacted fill beneath various roadways and NAL (coal ash, arsenic)
Potential sources of contamination
Potential sources of on-site contamination relating to the CRL include: Foreshore reclamation activates. Dangerous goods storage (including underground storage tanks). Demolition of buildings containing hazardous materials. Soils / rock capable of generating acidic conditions (acid sulphate soils). Gasworks derived fill (including coal tar). Historic rail activities. Placement of uncontrolled fill. Historic heavy industry activity adjoining the current NAL (timber treatment, ammunition manufacture).
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Consideration
Details
Potential transport mechanisms and exposure pathways for contaminants
-
Potential receptors of contamination
The nearest residents are located at various points along the CRL, immediately adjacent to the proposed activities.
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Leaching or runoff from spoil material to be removed from the CRL, direct dermal contact or ingestion of contaminants in material during excavation, groundwater movement
Site workers and members of the public passing near the construction area could be exposed to contamination. Potential environmental receptors of contamination include: -
Groundwater beneath the CRL and the wider stormwater catchment along the CRL.
These potential pollutant linkages are discussed in more detail in Section 7.0 where they are assessed in terms of their potential effects, associated potential risk, and related mitigation measures.
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Assessment of Effects on the Environment and Options for Avoiding, Remedying or Mitigating Adverse Effects
The actual and potential effects in relation to contamination have been evaluated based on the findings of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 ESA, as described in Section 6.0. The section below describes positive and adverse effects related to construction and Table 7 lists activities/locations, contaminants of potential concern, potential environmental effects and options for avoiding, remedying, mitigating potential adverse effects. Note that air quality effects are discussed and addressed in the 2012 Air Quality Assessment;. The air quality report addresses the creation and management of airborne dust and odour emissions of potential contaminants resulting from the construction activity. Refer to the 2012 Air Quality Assessment report for further consideration of this effect and options for avoiding, remedying or mitigating this effect, particularly in regard to public exposure.
7.1
Positive Effects
Positive effects are likely in the vicinity of the near surface developments (cut and cover, top down mining and surface operations) as follows:
7.2
1.
Removal of contaminated material will have a positive effect that will enhance the wider environment. Where material containing leachable contaminants impacting groundwater and surface water is removed, there is a potential to reduce concentrations of contaminants in the regional area.
2.
Dewatering of contaminated water has the potential to slightly decrease concentrations of contaminants in the localised groundwater and regional aquifer.
Adverse Effects: Construction
Adverse effects may occur when there is a link between the source, pathway, and receptor. During construction, there is potential for such linkages to be created during soil disturbance. Only those potential adverse effects which are considered likely, based on the CLA findings, are addressed. Any additional affects identified outside what is identified below will need to be addressed in the EMP and where appropriate, considered in future resource consents.
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Assessment of Adverse Effects for Construction
Areas which have potential adverse effects for construction along the CRL are summarised in Table 7 below. Table 7: Activities and Contaminants of Potential Concern – Assessment of Adverse Effects, Construction
Activity/ Location
Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Previous environmental investigations of sites located on reclaimed land have shown elevated concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs in soils and groundwater as well as asbestos within demolition rubble. Boreholes have shown reclamation fill extends to depth of approximately 2 to 5 m. Some evidence points to as much as 10 m in some areas. Refer to council search file references: 542-3582 Pt 1 and Pt 2, 20885 Pt 4 (ARC report), File No. 17788 Part 1, Tonkin & Taylor, Remedial Action Plan, June 2004; File Ref: 17788 Part 1, T&T, Assessment of Environmental Effects, Sept 2005;
Medium
-
-
Potential for acid sulphate soils to be present
Low-Medium
Observation
Foreshore Reclamation – Britomart/ Lower Albert Street Reclamation (approximately 1860 to 1880s) Uncontrolled fill
Asbestos, heavy metals, TPH/BTEX, PAH
-
Dermal contact, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public Improper soil management Creation of preferential pathways Sediment run-off
-
Marine sediments
Acid sulphate soils
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Adverse effect on building materials Increased soil disposal requirements.
-
Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans # Further investigation #
Further investigation - If present, will be managed under CEMP and detailed design
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Activity/ Location Buildings within or adjacent the designation footprint.
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC) TPH/BTEX, PAH, Asbestos, PCBs, solvents, paints, heavy metals, other hazardous substances
Observation Office building basements often contain diesel and or oil storage tanks and associated pipes. Recorded at 21 Queen Street (File Ref. 5-42-3919, Tonkin & Taylor, Contamination Desk Study, 5 Sept 2007; File Ref. 19296 Pt 3, T&T, Site Validation Report, Nov 2007).
Overall Risk / Comment Medium Likely to be encountered along entire CRL.
Older buildings may contain asbestos (e.g. http://www.techlink.org.nz/case-studies/technologicalpractice/Materials/britomart/) and equipment which contains PCBs (transformers, capacitors, fluorescent light ballasts).
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
-
Dermal contact, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off Disposal of hazardous substances
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Disposal of waste Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
-
Hazardous materials may be stored in buildings and require proper management/disposal.
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Proper disposal of hazardous substances.
Road Corridors (entire CRL) Coal tar and gasworks residues in sub-base of road
PAH, cyanide, heavy metals, phenols, ammonia
Potential for coal tar within road sub-grade. Evidence indicates that Auckland roads have been impacted although no specific detail was available on impact to roads within the CRL. Refer to a paper prepared for the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) – Reconstruction of coal tarcontaminated roads by in-situ recycling using foam bitumen stabilisation, September 2009. (http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/research/reports/388/ index.html). Coal tar beneath roads is an internationally recognised problem within the vicinity of former gas works sites. Material characteristic of coal ash (or similar) was found at BH167 which indicated signs of moderately complete combustion and likely low toxicity. Note that these sample results were not indicative of coal tar.
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Low-Medium Only a consideration for cut and cover sections and riser shafts. Areas most likely to contain coal tar are where the roadway has been filled/built up prior to placing the final tar seal or concrete surface. Elevated PAHs were identified in BH167.
-
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans # Further investigation .
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Activity/ Location
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)
Observation
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off Disposal of waste
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off Improper soil management
-
Former Petrol Station (Pitt Street) Storage of petroleum products (diesel and petrol)
TPH/BTEX, PAH, lead
Site has been remediated to meet soil acceptance criteria for commercial land-use.
Low Petroleum hydrocarbons generally are less dense than water and so are unlikely to affect the tunnel at this location.
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Proper waste disposal
General Offsite disposal of spoil. General excavation along CRL
Asbestos, TPH/BTEX, PAH, phenols, heavy metals, solvents, nitrates, UXOs, Acid sulphate soils.
Applicable at all locations where uncontrolled filling or other HAIL activities has occurred. This activity will be dealt with by future resource consents.
Medium
-
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-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Appropriate oversight of works to properly classify soil for appropriate re-use or disposal
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Activity/ Location Dewatering of aquifer during construction. Legacy soil impact from identified land-use.
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC) TPH/BTEX, PAH, phenols, heavy metals, solvents, nitrates, acid sulphate soils.
Observation Applicable at all locations where HAIL activities have impacted the groundwater. This activity will be dealt with by future resource consents.
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Low-Medium
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public Inappropriate disposal of contaminated groundwater. Creation of smear zones as a consequence of lowering the water table.
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off Disposal of waste
-
-
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Appropriate oversight of works to properly classify groundwater for appropriate re-use or disposal
Various Mt Eden Sites (includes Newton, Eden Terrace, Mt Eden and Grafton) Automotive Workshop (various locations)
Use and storage of petroleum products and hazardous substances
Hydrocarbons, PAHs, solvents, heavy metals
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Mechanical workshops (existing). No previous reports from council file notes. May have above-ground or underground waste oil storage tank. Automotive workshops typically store hazardous substances, including petroleum products, solvents, degreasers, and paints
Medium
-
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Proper waste disposal
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)
Observation
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Former Rail Marshalling Yards, Mt Eden and Rail Corridor (NAL) Note: this assessment is provided for completeness in assessing the CRL, but works within this area are covered by the existing NAL rail designation
Rail yards, sidings and existing rail line
Asbestos, TPH, heavy metals (arsenic), solvents, creosote (phenols), PAHs.
No environmental investigations have been found for these sites in the site history review. There is potential for asbestos from train wheel breaks, although this is considered low risk of having occurred. No information on maintenance undertaken in the yards. Published literature from the New Zealand timber industry indicates that timber rail sleepers have (and continue to be) treated with creosote. Impact is likely to be localised to the immediate vicinity of the rail sleepers. Refer to:
Medium Stage 2 ESA sampling works did not identify asbestos contamination. Elevated arsenic (TP107) and PAH (TP104)
-
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public Disposal of waste Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
-
http://www.insights.co.nz/products_processes_wpre.aspx
This activity is registered on the MfE’s HAIL register (http://www.mfe.govt.nz/laws/standards/contaminants-insoil/hail-contaminants.pdf). TP107 is located within the NAL.
-
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Assessment of effects and appropriate mitigation will be confirmed as part of any future Outline Plan developed under the NAL designation for works in this area Mitigation may include use of the CRL CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater sampling / classification) Implementation of dust, erosion, and stormwater control plans # Further investigation .
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)
Observation
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Former Ammunition Factory, Mt Eden Note: this assessment is provided for completeness in assessing the CRL due to potential for migration of contaminants, but works within the adjoining NAL are covered by the existing NAL rail designation
Production of ammunition
Manufacture of plastic containers
Asbestos, Heavy Metals (particularly lead and arsenic), nitrates, UXOs.
Phthalates (di-nbutylphthalate)
Lead and arsenic only found in trace levels in groundwater after remediation. Highest concentrations found around the shot tower. Lead and arsenic above residential guidelines. Remediation included removal of some contaminated soil to landfill and reuse of other soil on site beneath building foundations, roads and pathways. Potential for asbestos from building materials. There was no specific evidence pointing to UXO but the possibility cannot be eliminated. Refer to Council file ref. 19296 Pt 1 (numerous consultant reports)
Medium Potential for migration to the NAL rail corridor.
Low levels of di-n-butylphthalate (below guideline levels) found in all groundwater wells on the former ammunition site. Refer to Council file ref. 19296 Pt 1 (numerous consultant reports)
Low
-
-
-
-
Dermal and ingestion exposure to workers. Contaminated stormwater runoff
-
-
-
-
-
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Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Disposal of waste Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans # Further investigation . CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans
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Activity/ Location
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)
Observation
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Former Timber Treatment Site, Mt Eden Note: this assessment is provided for completeness in assessing the CRL due to potential for migration of contaminants, but works within the adjoining NAL are covered by the existing NAL rail designation
Yard 6 – boron dip (Harold Street)
Asbestos, Boron, PCP, heavy metals.
No known PCP treatment carried out on-site but PCP treated wood stored on-site uncovered. PCP contamination was in surface soils. Site also carried out heavy metal treatment of timber.
Low
Refer to Council file ref. 11798 Pt2 and Pt3 (numerous consultant reports including Pattle Delamore Partners RAP, May 2005; Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment, May 2005).
-
Motor vehicle Workshop (Mary Street)
TPH/BTEX, PAH, solvents, other hazardous substances.
During site remediation, hydrocarbon contamination was found next to the garage site. Three diesel and petrol USTs were removed in 1995. Refer to Council file ref. 11798 Pt2 and Pt3 (numerous consultant reports including PDP RAP, May 2005; Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment, May 2005).
Low
Copper, chromium, arsenic (CCA) treatment plant (corner Edwin Street and Normanby Road)
Copper, chromium, arsenic, PCP, phenols.
Contamination found at depths down to 6 m in the vicinity of the CCA treatment plant. Remediated by removing material to landfill and sealing remaining soil on-site. Groundwater showed a downward trend in contaminant concentrations and below consent trigger levels (soluble chromium, soluble copper, soluble arsenic).
Medium
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Refer to Council file ref. 11798 Pt2 and Pt3 (numerous consultant reports including Pattle Delamore Partners RAP, May 2005; Contamination Investigation and Risk Assessment, May 2005).
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Proper disposal of waste
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Activity/ Location Plywood factory
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Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC) TPH, lead
Observation Factory was covered and had a concrete floor. Contamination likely limited to soakage pits and drainage trenches.
Overall Risk / Comment
Potential Effects
Options for Avoiding, Remedy or Mitigating Effects
Low
-
Dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure to workers Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
Dermal, ingestion, and inhalation exposure to workers and members of the public. Creation of preferential pathways Contaminated stormwater run-off
-
-
-
CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans
Various Printing Sites
Printing
Solvents, acids, alkalis, heavy metals
No known contaminated site investigation conducted; however, activity is listed on HAIL (information provided by Auckland Council, Licensing and Compliance).
Low
-
-
-
-
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CEMP to control exposures (hierarchy of control, soil and groundwater classification and management) Seal trenches / excavations during civil works and implement dust, erosion and stormwater control plans Proper waste classification and disposal
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Notes: # Further investigations as part of future site investigations to support preliminary and / or detailed design and resource consents. Abbreviations: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPHs), Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (MAHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Heavy Metals include 8 priority metals unless stated (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc), Unexploded Ordnance (UXOs), Trichloroethylene (TCE), Tretrachloroethylene (PCE), Copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA).
A number of other potential sources, which were not specifically identified but which could be present, include activities such as small quantities of dangerous goods, storage tanks for auxiliary power supplies in office building basements, old high voltage electrical transformers, asbestos in building materials, dry cleaning chemicals and other historic activities. Effects from these contaminants would be addressed subsequent to further investigation should they be identified. These effects are not considered for NoR as their presence was not verified during the CLA. The above identified effects will be mitigated to address the health and safety of construction workers and the general public, together with environmental considerations. This will be addressed in the Preliminary Remediation Plan (PRP) which will form part of the EMP as outlined in the Environmental Management Framework (EMF); Assessment of Environmental Effects: Volume 3 Technical Reports: Appendix 1. Implementation of control measures during construction will be addressed and managed under the CEMP. Basic principles required for a CEMP will be included in the EMP as will a requirement for a Remedial Action Plan (RAP) and Hazardous Materials Removal Specification to form part of the CEMP at the time of construction once additional data gathered during detailed design has been incorporated.
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Operational Effects
Mitigation measures for the operational phase will be developed under the framework of the monitoring and management programme implemented during the construction phase and will address worker and public protection for areas where re-used contaminated soil may be excavated or contaminated groundwater may be encountered.
8.0
Conclusion
The Stage 1 and Stage 2 ESA have demonstrated that there is potential for contaminated soil and groundwater from past and current industrial activities conducted along the CRL designation. The primary contaminants of concern present above the NES for protection of human health are heavy metals (arsenic at TP107_0.9-1.0) and B(a)P (at two locations (BH167_0.1-0.2 and TP104 0.6-0.7). The results show contaminants are present at a limited number of locations; the majority of the soil and groundwater samples analysed returned concentrations below the NES. Based on the Preliminary Stage 2 ESA findings, the key potential adverse effects related to contamination requiring mitigation include: 1.
Exposure to workers and members of the public due to dermal, ingestion and inhalation exposure pathways.
2.
Mobilisation of contaminants through the creation of preferential pathways.
3.
Contaminated sediment runoff into stormwater.
Identified potential adverse effects relate to human or environmental exposure to contaminants. For example, workers may be exposed to elevated concentrations of contaminants during excavation activities, stormwater runoff carrying contaminated sediment could impact off-site areas, or members of the public could be exposed to contaminants carried in airborne dust (refer to 2012 Air Quality Assessment;)). Provided that the proper controls are put in place and implemented, adverse effects are readily mitigated. These controls are standard practice for contaminated sites in New Zealand and include implementation of dust and erosion control plans, stormwater management plans, and health and safety plans. Additional site investigation as part of future detailed design will assist in further minimising these risks. On-site monitoring of soil and groundwater quality during construction to assure that waste is properly classified will also minimise risk to site workers, the public and the environment. Other standard construction controls, such as limiting site access, will also be necessary. Positive effects are possible in that contaminated soil (and possibly groundwater) will be removed from the area.
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References
A Guide to Management of Cleanfills. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, January 2002. Are we wasting money on some PAH cleanups?, CleanUp09, Adelaide 2009, Ross McFarland, Anna Lundmark, Natasha Sheedy, Allesandro Battaglia, ENSR/AECOM. CBD Rail Link Study – Geotechnical Factual Report, APB&B, 19 April 2010. Concept Design Report 2012 Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 1, (Reporting on Contaminated Sites in New Zealand) . Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, revised October 2011. Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 2, (Hierarchy and Application in New Zealand of Environmental Guideline Values). Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, revised October 2011. Contaminated Land Management Guidelines No. 5, (Site Investigation and Analysis of Soils) . Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, revised October 2011. Planning Overlay Map 1, District Plan. Auckland City Council, 2004. Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Contaminated Gasworks Sites in New Zealand. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, August 1997. Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, revised October 2011. Health and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Timber Treatment Chemicals. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, June 1997. Identifying, Investigating and Managing Risks Associated with Former Sheep-dip Sites, A guide for local Authorities . Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, November 2006 (MfE, 2006). Methodology for Deriving Standards for Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, 2011. National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure (NEPM). National Environment Protection Council (NEPC), December 1999. Resource Management (National Environmental Standard for Assessing and Managing Contaminants in Soil to Protect Human Health) Regulations 2011. Wellington, Ministry for the Environment, October 2011.Schedule of Trees, Appendix 2 of the Auckland District Plan, Central Area Section. (Former) Auckland City Council, 2004.
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Limitations
This document was prepared by AECOM New Zealand Limited (AECOM) for Auckland Transport, as part of planning processes for NoR. Any advice, opinions or recommendations contained in this document should be read and relied upon only in the context of the document as a whole and are considered current to the date of this document. Any other party should satisfy themselves that the scope of work conducted and reported herein meets their specific needs before relying on this document. AECOM cannot be held liable for any third party reliance on this document, as AECOM is not aware of the specific needs of the third party. No other party should rely on the document without the prior written consent of AECOM, and AECOM undertakes no duty to, nor accepts any responsibility to, any third party who may rely upon this document. This document was prepared for the specific purpose described in our proposal dated 7 February 2012 and as agreed to by Auckland Transport. From a technical perspective, the subsurface environment at any site may present substantial uncertainty. It is a heterogeneous, complex environment, in which small subsurface features or changes in geologic conditions can have substantial impacts on water, vapour and chemical movement. Uncertainties may also affect source characterisation, assessment of chemical fate and transport in the environment, assessment of exposure risks and health effects, and remedial action performance. AECOM’s professional opinions are based on its professional judgement, experience, and training. These opinions are also based upon data derived from the testing and analysis described in this document. AECOM may also have relied upon information provided by the Client and other third parties to prepare this document, some of which may not have been verified by AECOM. It is possible that additional testing and analysis might produce different results and/or different opinions. AECOM has limited its investigation to the scope agreed upon with its client. AECOM believes that its opinions are reasonably supported by the testing and analysis that have been conducted, and that those opinions have been developed according to the professional standard of care for the environmental consulting profession in this area at the date of this document. That standard of care may change and new methods and practices of exploration, testing, analysis and remediation may develop in the future, which might produce different results. AECOM’s professional opinions contained in this document are subject to modification if additional information is obtained, through further investigation, observations, or validation testing and analysis during remedial activities.
25 July 2012 (Revision 4)
AECOM
Technical Report to Support Assessment of Environmental Effects (City Rail Link Notice of Requirement) Contaminated Land Assessment
Appendix A
Tables and Figures
25 July 2012 (Revision 4)
AECOM
Appendix A
25 July 2012 (Revision 4)
Technical Report to Support Assessment of Environmental Effects (City Rail Link Notice of Requirement) Contaminated Land Assessment
Tables and Figures
Client: Auckland Transport Project: City Rail Link Project No: 60222458
Table T1 AECOM Soil Sampling Results (2012) Field_ID Sampled_Date-Time SampleCode Lab_Report_Number Matrix_Description
Chem_Group ChemName
Asbestos 1. CAHs
Asbestos cis-1,2-dichloroethene Trichloroethene Tetrachloroethene Vinyl chloride Benzene BTEX Ethylbenzene Toluene Xylene (m & p) Xylene (o) Total Xylene (ESDAT) Chloride Inorganics pH (Final) pH (Initial) Sulphate pH of Leaching Fluid Arsenic Metals Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Copper Lead Magnesium Mercury Nickel Potassium Sodium Zinc Organochlorine 2,4-DDT Pesticides 4,4-DDE a-BHC Aldrin Aldrin + Dieldrin b-BHC chlordane cis-Chlordane trans-chlordane d-BHC DDD DDT DDT+DDE+DDD Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan sulphate Endrin Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone g-BHC (Lindane) Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Hexachlorobenzene Methoxychlor o,p-DDD o,p''''-DDE Other Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate Freon 113
Units
mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg pH Units pH_Units mg/kg pH Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg
Auckland AKL Council MfE MfE Sheep ALWP Sch 10 Disch Gasworks Dip 2006Background 1997-IND IND
600
500
(150) - 73001,2,3,c
0.4-12 2-260 0.1-0.65
100 7.5
70 10000 1300
10-170 20-90 1.5-65
400 325 250
10000 3300
0.03-0.45 4-320
105
54-1160
400
500
4200
12
1000 1700 190
14000
BH103_0.5 10/03/2012 986810_1 986810_2 Gravelly CLAY
