Intellego Unit Studies Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Grades 6-8 History:
Conquest and Colonization 1400-1700
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Table of Contents How to use a unit study from Intellego Unit Studies Important Notes to parents Quick Troubleshooting Guide Objectives Materials Needed for this Unit Study Chapter One Activity 1.1 – Introduction to the Age of Exploration Activity 1.2 – Introduction to the rise of Europe Activity 1.3 – Examine early exploration Extension Activity – Make an astrolabe Activity 1.4 – Meet the Portuguese explorers Activity 1.5 – Meet the Spanish explorers Activity 1.6 – Analyze the Columbus controversy Activity 1.7 – Visit Spanish missions in North America Activity 1.8 – Evaluate the Columbian exchange Extension Activity – View exchange through the arts Activity 1.9 – Compare European colonies in the Americas Activity 1.10 – Examine the transatlantic slave trade Activity 1.11 – Create a timeline Activity 1.12 – Complete your KWL chart Activity 1.13 – Reflect on and explore the topics in Chapter One Chapter Two Activity 2.1 – Introduction to Renaissance and Reformation Activity 2.2 – Welcome to the Renaissance! Activity 2.3 – Explore the printing press Activity 2.4 – Examine the geography of the Renaissance Activity 2.5 – Investigate Renaissance art Activity 2.6 – Meet da Vinci Activity 2.7 – Meet Michelangelo Activity 2.8– Evaluate the Protestant Reformation Activity 2.9 – Add to the timeline Activity 2.10 – Complete your KWL chart Activity 2.11 – Reflect on and explore the topics in Chapter Two Chapter Three Activity 3.1 – Welcome to England after the Middle Ages Activity 3.2 – Meet the Tudors of England Activity 3.3 – Meet Henry VIII of England Extension Activity – Read The Prince and the Pauper Activity 3.4 – Meet Queen Elizabeth of England Activity 3.5 – Read Shakespeare Activity 3.6 – Meet the Stuarts of England and Scotland Activity 3.7 – Meet Louis XIV of France Activity 3.8 – Examine the rise of Russia Activity 3.9 – Add to the timeline Activity 3.10 – Complete your KWL chart Activity 3.11 – Reflect on and explore the topics in Chapter Three Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Final Activity – Put your portfolio together Appendix – Answer Key
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
How to use a unit study from Intellego Unit Studies 1.
The PDF file containing this unit study is graphic intensive and full color. In addition, the PDF contains all of the links needed for the Internet activities. Therefore, it is not necessary to print the entire PDF. Instead, view the PDF on your computer, printing the specific pages your children will need to complete the written activities. You may also wish to print the Table of Contents and use it as a checklist to monitor your child’s progress.
2.
This unit study contains internal links for ease of navigation within the PDF. Each time you open the PDF, you can scroll to the Table of Contents and click on the appropriate link to take you to your next activity.
3.
Of course, you can always jump in and get started immediately, but we recommend reviewing the Materials Inventory lists and gathering your supplies before you begin with the first activity in Chapter One. Although additional books and library materials are not required to complete a unit study from Intellego Unit Studies, we recommend a quick stop at the local library before beginning your unit study. Intellego Unit Studies does not recommend specific book titles (due to availability variables in local libraries across the country), but many parents find that printing the Table of Contents and taking that to the library helps them gather any additional resources on the topics that their children might desire.
4.
We recommend that children create a portfolio notebook for this unit study. This provides a handy place to keep the child’s expressive work. Photos of children’s art work and hands-on activities should also be included in the portfolio, along with their Vocabulary Journal that they will begin building in Chapter One. The portfolio notebook can be as simple as a plain file folder with your child’s illustrations on the cover or as elaborate as an entire scrapbook, complete with all of the bells and whistles. Either way (or everything in between) is fine….it all depends on the child!
5.
Each unit study is organized by chapter. Each chapter begins with a materials list, a vocabulary introduction, and an activities list.
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Each chapter unfolds with a wide variety of engaging multi-sensory activities. Most activities contain an introduction followed by a web link. Have your children read the information (or read it to them) and then double click on the link (make sure your Internet browser is open). After you have finished with the web link, return to this Intellego Unit Studies PDF file to continue on. Each chapter also includes Extension Activities, set apart in yellow text boxes for easy identification. The extension activities are not required, but they are essential to the unit study concept because they create the bridge between different curriculum areas or skills. For example, the extension activity may offer a related science experiment or art project that connects to the theme of the unit study. Each chapter concludes with a reflection and exploration activity. This activity presents your children with the opportunity to evaluate and synthesize what they have learned in each chapter before moving on to the next. There is no set time limit for this activity. Follow their lead and allow them to spend additional time exploring related topics of interest. 6.
Our unit studies are meant to serve the K-12 population of students, although subject matter does dictate age appropriateness. If you are using this unit study with children of varying ages, rest assured that this unit study is easily adaptable. Possible adaptations: 1. Any required reading within the unit study or through a web link may be completed by the student or with the parent’s help. 2. Discussion questions can be discussed orally or adapted into writing exercises. 3. Writing assignments can be dictated to the parent and then used for copy work by the student to encourage writing fluency. 4. Vocabulary lists may be used to build decoding, sight word recognition, or spelling skills. 5. Topics may be further explored or researched according to interest and ability. 6. All activities can be adapted into expository writing exercises. You are the best judge of your children’s abilities, skills, and educational needs. Therefore, there is no right way or wrong way to adapt the activities within this unit study. This allows you to make Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
adaptations while still providing the structure, research, preparation and web links to make it easy on you, the parent! 7.
Each unit study incorporates as many areas of curriculum as possible and as relevant. However, many parents who use Intellego Unit Studies incorporate separate mathematics and language arts programs in their children’s study. Our unit studies provide concrete examples and applications of the skills your children are learning in their separate math and language arts studies. For example, if your children are currently learning about parts of speech, encourage them to apply that knowledge to reading and writing activities within the unit study. You may wish to print a page from one of the web links they found particularly engaging. Ask them to identify parts of speech after they have read for content. In addition, any writing activities that they complete can also be used to show them how they are using the various parts of speech in their own writing. This type of application can be incorporated with any language arts curriculum or concept, from nouns and verbs to multi-page expository writing. All of our unit studies provide opportunities for children to practice and apply reading skills. For reluctant readers, you may want to encourage their reading by reading along with them as you progress through the various activities and web links. Add challenging words to their vocabulary journal. Check their comprehension by allowing them to read the directions for activities, experiments, and crafts. Regardless of your child’s reading level, this unit study provides the opportunity to explore the written word and practice decoding and encoding skills. In the area of mathematics, encourage your children to identify patterns, look for classifications, or apply their math skills to the activities within the unit study. For example, any experiments or activities that require measuring can easily be used to demonstrate new mathematical concepts or reinforce acquired knowledge with practical applications. Ratios, fractions, decimals, and other concepts can be brought into any activity that requires children to sort information, compile lists, compare and contrast, measure, create, or build. There is no right or wrong way to incorporate your language arts and math curriculums into this unit study. The key is to look for areas where there is a natural connection between what your child is working on in language arts and math and what your child is Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
doing within a unit study. Experiment, try some new things, and enjoy the integrative process! 8.
An answer key is located in the Appendix, which can be found at the end of the file or by clicking on the Chapter Answers link in the bookmarks.
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
*Important Notes to parents: •
Intellego Unit Studies tests and verifies all Internet links in our unit studies continually and we make changes accordingly. To provide you with corrected links, Intellego Unit Studies uses a link redirection database. When you click on an external link in the unit study, your internet browser will access the Intellego Unit Studies link database for the actual current link. Any corrections to the page of the unit study may also be displayed. If your browser does not allow for the redirections, you will need to cut and paste the link into your browser’s address bar. If you should discover an expired link, please report it here.
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This unit study contains links to Internet sites. Although we make every effort to link only to child-safe websites, Internet content can change rapidly. Please supervise your children at all times when they are online. If you encounter material unsuitable for children, please notify us here.
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Many of the activities in this unit study require parent supervision and assistance. Please use common sense and supervise your children when they are using tools or sharp instruments. Experiments and hands-on activities should be completed ONLY under the supervision of a responsible adult.
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Many of the activities in this unit study utilize videos available on www.youtube.com. Intellego Unit Studies cannot control the content available to children on YouTube. We strongly recommend that parents open the YouTube videos for their children and then enlarge the video window to full screen. That way, your children will not be distracted by competing images while watching their video, and they will not be exposed to possible inappropriate material loaded by other users of YouTube.
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Quick Troubleshooting Guide: Problem: Videos/interactive web sites play slowly or with interruptions Solution: This is due to your connection speed and/or the speed of your computer. Verify your Internet connections and verify that your system meets the minimum requirements for an Intellego Unit Study by clicking here. Problem: Nothing happens when you click on a link to go to a web site Solution: This problem is associated with the settings for PDFs on your computer. To resolve this issue, you will need to know what version of Adobe Reader/Acrobat is on your computer. Follow the steps below: How to find the version of Adobe Acrobat or Reader 1. Open Adobe on your computer 2. Click on the “Help” tab 3. Click on “About Adobe Reader/Acrobat The window that appears will detail which Adobe product and version is on your computer. Click on the window to close it. If you are using Adobe Reader/Acrobat 9: PDF documents may open with a message bar across the top indicating that you are viewing the document in PDF/A mode. This is an ISO standard for PDFs. Links will not work in PDF/A mode. To access the links, perform the following steps: 1.
Load the CD and open the unit study.
2.
For Windows: a. Click on “Edit” on the top toolbar b. Click on “Preferences” from the drop down menu For Mac OS: Click on “Acrobat” > Preferences Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
3.
Click on the “Documents” option under “Categories”
4.
Choose “Never” under “View Documents in PDF/A mode”
5.
Click on the OK button to exit this window
If you are using Adobe Reader/ Acrobat 8 or an older version: 1.
Load the CD and open the unit study
2.
Click on “Edit” on the top menu bar
3.
Click on “Preferences” from the drop down menu
4.
Click on “Trust Manager”
5.
Select “allow all” for Internet access from PDF
Problem: The first time you open a link in one of the unit studies, you receive a Security Warning Solution: 1.
Check the box for “Remember my action for this site”
2.
Click on the “Allow” button
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Objectives Welcome to the Grades 6-8 World History: Conquest and Colonization unit study! After completing this unit study, your children should be able to: 1. Summarize European motivations for exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries. 2. Explain mercantilism and its role in colonization. 3. Evaluate conquest and colonization from multiple perspectives. 4. Describe the transatlantic slave trade and its impact on African cultures. 5. Analyze the role of the Church in the Renaissance and the impact of the Protestant Reformation on Europe. 6. Compare the work of Italian Renaissance masters with the work of artists from different eras. 7. Define absolute monarchy and summarize the absolute monarchies in England, France, and Russia during this era. 8. Identify causes and outcomes of England’s Glorious Revolution.
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Materials Needed for this Unit Study Materials for every chapter: Vocabulary journal Writing and drawing materials Paper Chapter One Activity 1.2 – Introduction to the rise of Europe Printer Tape Writing materials Activity 1.3 – Examine early exploration World map Drawing materials Extension Activity – Make an astrolabe Stiff cardboard, file folder, or wood about 8 inches square Tools for cutting cardboard, folder, or wood Glue Drill with 3/16 drill bit #8 round head bolt, #8 nut, and three #8 washers Rope, string, or twine about 12 inches long Activity 1.4 – Meet the Portuguese explorers Materials depend on activity selected Activity 1.6 – Analyze the Columbus controversy Printer Writing materials Activity 1.7 – Visit Spanish missions in North America Shoebox Clay or papier-mâché Straw or grass Poster board Activity 1.8 – Evaluate the Columbian exchange Materials depend on activity selected Extension Activity – View exchange through the arts Printer Markers, crayons, or colored pencils Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Chapter Two Activity 2.3 – Explore the printing press Research materials Writing materials Activity 2.4 – Examine the geography of the Renaissance Printer Writing materials Globe/Atlas/Map Activity 2.5 – Investigate Renaissance art Art materials depend on activity selected Activity 2.6 – Meet da Vinci Materials depend on activity selected Tape measure and string Graph paper Activity 2.7 – Meet Michelangelo Materials depend on activity selected Activity 2.8– Evaluate the Protestant Reformation Materials depend on activity selected Chapter Three Activity 3.2 – Meet the Tudors of England Writing materials Activity 3.3 – Meet Henry VIII of England Materials depend on activity selected Extension Activity – Read The Prince and the Pauper The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain Activity 3.5 – Read Shakespeare Copy of Shakespeare work (or abridged version for children) Index cards Printer Materials depend on activity selected Activity 3.7 – Meet Louis XIV of France Sketch pad Pencils Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Activity 3.8 – Examine the rise of Russia World map Materials depend on activity selected
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Chapter One The Age of Exploration
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Materials for Chapter One
Vocabulary journal Writing and drawing materials Paper
Activity 1.2 – Introduction to the rise of Europe Printer Tape Writing materials Activity 1.3 – Examine early exploration World map Drawing materials Extension Activity – Make an astrolabe Stiff cardboard, file folder, or wood about 8 inches square Tools for cutting cardboard, folder, or wood Glue Drill with 3/16 drill bit #8 round head bolt, #8 nut, and three #8 washers Rope, string, or twine about 12 inches long Activity 1.4 – Meet the Portuguese explorers Materials depend on activity selected Activity 1.6 – Analyze the Columbus controversy Printer Writing materials Activity 1.7 – Visit Spanish missions in North America Shoebox Clay or papier-mâché Straw or grass Poster board Activity 1.8 – Evaluate the Columbian exchange Materials depend on activity selected Extension Activity – View exchange through the arts Printer Markers, crayons, or colored pencils
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Chapter One Vocabulary
Help your children build vocabulary while having fun! The vocabulary of children is diverse and dynamic. Therefore, we have not included a vocabulary list as each child’s vocabulary is at a different stage of development. Instead, Intellego Unit Studies encourages children to build their own vocabulary lists. We recommend starting a Vocabulary Journal in Chapter One that your children can add to in each lesson. Below are some ideas for helping your children build vocabulary while having fun! 1. Have your children identify all unfamiliar words as they encounter them in this chapter. 2. Use the link below, if you choose, for the online children’s dictionary. Or help your children develop dictionary skills by using a dictionary in your home. http://kids.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/english/entry/ 3. Copy the unfamiliar words into their Vocabulary Journal (a notebook will do just fine!) and then illustrate the word. 4. Use the new word in a sentence. Encourage them to come up with rhymes, either real words or nonsense words, and include those as well. 5. Write the new words in the air with their fingers, making huge sweeping motions as they write. 6. “Write” the words on the floor with their toes! 7. Clap out the syllables in each new word. 8. Examine the new word. Identify if it “plays by the rules” phonetically, so that it can be sounded out for spelling, or if it is a “rule breaker” that must be memorized. 9. The objective here is to help them use as many senses as possible so that retention of the new words is increased.
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Activity List for Chapter One Activity 1.1 – Introduction to the Age of Exploration Activity 1.2 – Introduction to the rise of Europe Activity 1.3 – Examine early exploration Extension Activity – Make an astrolabe Activity 1.4 – Meet the Portuguese explorers Activity 1.5 – Meet the Spanish explorers Activity 1.6 – Analyze the Columbus controversy Activity 1.7 – Visit Spanish missions in North America Activity 1.8 – Evaluate the Columbian exchange Extension Activity – View exchange through the arts Activity 1.9 – Compare European colonies in the Americas Activity 1.10 – Examine the transatlantic slave trade Activity 1.11 – Create a timeline Activity 1.12 – Complete your KWL chart Activity 1.13 – Reflect on and explore the topics in Chapter One
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Activity 1.1 – Introduction to the Age of Exploration
Welcome to the Conquest and Colonization unit study! We begin our study with a brief activity to find out what your children already know as well as what they want to know. To begin, ask your children to describe what they know about life in Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. Why did Europeans begin looking for routes to the east and to the west? What motivated them to explore? What happened to the people already living in those lands when the Europeans arrived? Have your children complete the first two sections of the following KWL worksheet before they complete Activity 1.2. They will complete the final section of the KWL chart in Activity 1.12. Important! Before continuing to Activity 1.2, please be sure that you are able to access the Internet by clicking on the links in this unit study. Try clicking on the test link below. If you cannot access the Internet by clicking on the link, please adjust the PDF settings on your computer using the directions in the Quick Troubleshooting Guide on pages 9-10 of this unit study. Test link: www.intellegounitstudies.com Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
What I already know about the Age of Exploration
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
What I want to know about the Age of Exploration
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
What I learned about the Age of Exploration
____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Activity 1.2 – Introduction to the rise of Europe
As Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, a new desire to explore and build wealth took hold. During this time, the people of different continents became connected in a way never thought possible in an earlier era. Trade routes expanded, sea navigation flourished, and the clash of cultures had ripple effects around the globe for centuries to come. We begin our exploration of the Age of Discovery with a look at why Europe was poised to become the dominant world power during this time in history. To begin, read the article at the following site: http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west/12/FC80 Next, view the following brief video on the Age of Exploration: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3fYF6YvesA At the following site, you will find an article that provides an overview of the explorers. Have your children read through this article, taking notes
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
on the suggested motivations for European exploration as well as the explorers. We will study the explorers in more detail in upcoming activities: http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture2c.html If your children do not already have a large world map for this unit study, print and assemble a map from the following site before continuing. You can select the size; larger maps are often more fun to work with! http://www.yourchildlearns.com/megamaps/print-world-maps.html Use the following questions for discussion or as writing prompts: 1.
What were the possible motives behind European sea exploration?
2.
How did European exploration turn into exploitation, according to the author of the above article?
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Intellego Unit Studies Inspired by the multiple intelligences of every child
Activity 1.3 – Examine early exploration In the previous activity, your children studied an overview of the Age of Exploration. In this activity, we will look at the particulars of early navigation, including motivations, maps, and technology. We begin with the following reading: http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west/12/FC81 Next, have your children view the following online presentation on early navigational technology: http://classic.hippocampus.org/course_locator?course=AP%20US%20Hi story%20I&lesson=2&topic=2&width=800&height=684&topicTitle=Tech nological%20Factors&skinPath=http://classic.hippocampus.org/hippoca mpus.skins/default Set aside some time to explore the following site on navigation. Have your children click on the images for more information: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~feegi/ In 1507, Martin Waldseemüller created a map that shocked Europe and challenged earlier ideas about the earth’s oceans and land masses. At the following link, you will find a copy of Waldseemüller’s map and an article describing the map. After reading the article, have your children print the map and compare it to a current world map. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/lessons/waldseemuller/ pdf/naming.pdf Students often think a map from the 1500s looks ridiculous! Of course, today cartographers have satellites and advanced technology to aid in the development of maps. Have your children try their hands at making a map without the aid of modern technology. For example, have them make a map of their neighborhood, town, a nearby park, etc. using only their observation skills. Then have them check the accuracy of their map using Google Earth or a similar online program. Depending on how well they do making a map without the use of modern technology, they may have renewed respect for the 1507 map of Waldseemüller! Copyright© 2013 Intellego Unit Studies All rights reserved
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