Concentrating Solar Power A Roadmap from Research to Market Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Pitz-Paal Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Solar Research German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Linder Höhe, D 51147 Köln
Development of European electricity demand,and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000 moderate increase due to efficiency gains and sociodemographic development significant investments required to replace “old” plants targets for reduced CO2 emissions and increased renewable sources window of opportunity for restructuring of electricity sector
and to reduce dependency on imported fuels
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Development of MENA electricity demand, and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000 significant increase due to economic and population growth significant investments required for new plants window of opportunity for sustainable local electricity and water supply potential of future electricity exports unique opportunity for closer economic, political and social links with Europe Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Renewable energy resources in Europe and MENA in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km² /y)
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renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy
Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA
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renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy 1 km² of desert land may generate 50 MW of electricity 1 km2 of desert land may produce 200 - 300 GWhel / year
Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA
1 km² of desert land avoids 200,000 tons CO2 / year
The electrical energy produced by a solar power Solar thermal power plants are the most technology to harvest this planteffective with the size of Lake Nasser equals thevast total ressource Middle East oil production Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Why solar thermal power plants ?
Conventional power plants
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Why solar thermal power plants ?
Solar thermal power plants
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Why solar thermal power plants ? can be integrated into conventional thermal power plants provide firm capacity (thermal storage, fossil backup)
serve different markets (bulk power, remote power, heat, water) have the lowest costs for solar electricity have an energy payback time of only 6-12 months
Solar thermal power plants
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Solnova 1, PS 10 and PS 20 Concentrating Solar Technologies
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ANDASOL 1 and ANDASOL 2 Concentrating Solar Technologies
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CTS Puertollano Concentrating Solar Technologies
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La Risca / Alvarado Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Novatec-Biosol Fresnel Plant in Spain
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ANDASOL 1, Guadix, Spain (50 MW, 7 h Storage, 2009)
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New Concentrating Solar Power Projects
Nevada Solar One Las Vegas, USA (64 MW, 2007)
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Villarrobledo
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MW
800_
831 MW
Connection schedule for the next STE Plants in Spain
700 _
LADEH MANCH1 PALM1 EXTR2
600 _
MAJAD SOLN4
500 _
FLORID LEBR1
400 _
PALM2 SOLN3
300 _
SOLN1 EXTR1
200_
AND2 RISCA
100 _
PUERT PS20 AND1 PS10
Mar-09Jun-09 Sep-09 Dic-09 Mar-10 Jun-10Sep-10 Dic-10 Concentrating Solar Technologies
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STE applications for grid connection points: 14.730 MW
This can really be defined as a “true pipeline of projects”
Source REE – May 2009
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Concentrating Solar Power Projects 2009 Units in MW
3,912 – 5,352
12 2,232 28 52 20 250 20 25 100
100
total 6,821-8,261 MW
50 10
10
430 MW operating, 500 MW under construction ~9,000 MW in advanced development
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Solar electricity cost of concentrating solar power plants 900 800
2005 purchasing power
0
0 2050
100 2045
5 2040
200
2035
10
2030
300
2025
15
2020
400
2015
20
2010
500
2005
25
2000
600
1995
30
1990
700
1985
35
Installed Capacity [GW]
40
1980
Solar Electricity Cost [ct/kWh]
45
Year SEGS Cost
CSP Cost Spain
CSP Cost Egypt
Worldwide Installed CSP Capacity
Source: EU-IP NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability
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Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km Hydrogen electrolysis and fuel cells: very high costs and 75% energy losses AC / HVAC lines: high cost and 45% / 25% energy losses 800 kV HVDC lines: lowest costs and 10% energy losses
www.desertec.org
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Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km
Additional benefits of HVDC grid: - improved usage of power plants - gain of additional reserve capacity - compensation of local power shortages due to plant or grid failures
www.desertec.org
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Scenario for EU-MENA HVDC interconnection to provide 15% of the European electricity demand in 2050 Year
2020
2030
2040
2050
Capacity GW
2x5
8x5
14 x 5
20 x 5
Transfer TWh/y
60
230
470
700
Capacity Factor
0.60
0.67
0.75
0.80
Land Area km x km
CSP HVDC
15 x 15 30 x 30 40 x 40 50 x 50 3100 x 0.1
3600 x 0.4
3600 x 0.7
3600 x 1.0
Investment Billion €
CSP HVDC
42 5
134 16
245 31
350 45
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Installed capacity vs.vs. peak load in EU-MENA Installed Capacity Peak Load in EUMENA
Installed Capacity [GW]
2400 2000
2400 Photovoltaic
100 % availability + 25 % reserve capacity
Wind Power
2000 Geothermal
1600
1600
1200
1200 Import/Export
800
800
Hydropower Biomass Tidal/Wave CSP Oil & Gas Coal
400 0 2000
5000 h/a
2010
2000 h/a
2020
2030
2040
400
Nuclear Firm Capacity
0 2050
Peak Load
Year Complex mix of centralized, decentralized, fossil, renewable, dispatchable and fluctuating power sources. Total CO2 emissions are reduced to 38% of the 2000 values. EU dependency on fuel imports is reduced from 80% (2050, business as usual) to 32%. Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Fraction of total electricity production
Dependency of electricity import in Europe* 90% 80%
Desertec scenario 70% 60%
current trend
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Year
*including fuel for power production Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Research Needs High quality – low cost collectors Efficient low cost energy storage Higher system temperature to increase system efficiency
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Quality assurance during manufacturing and operation
Measured
Ray-Tracing
Flux distribution next to absorber tube Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Solid material heat storage
400 380 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 01
Oil temperature "hot" side Oil temperature "cold" side
Flow
20 0 -20
05
10
15 Time in days
20
25
Flow in m³/h
Temperature in °C
Temperature and Flow 01.11 - 26.11.2008
26
Pilot-scale concrete heat store
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Solid material heat storage
Storage Package
50 m
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Solid material heat storage
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Solid material heat storage
50.000 m³ Concrete Storage Material 6 h – Storage for 50 MW-Power Plant Concentrating Solar Technologies
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Direct Solar Steam Generation
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The solar gas turbine approach
CC = 25 % (annual)
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Rankine = 16 % (annual)
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The solar gas turbine approach
SOLUGAS-Project (EU-supported) Partner: Abengoa, DLR, GEA, Turbomach/Solar turbines, NEAL
Electric power: 5 MW Heavy duty gas turbine Mercury 50 GT-efficiency as standard product: 38,5% Without recuperator Location: Adjacent to Plataforma Solar Project start: 10/2008
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Thank you for your attention Concentrating Solar Technologies
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For more information refer to www.DLR.de/tt
www.DLR.de/tt/med-csp www.DLR.de/tt/trans-csp www.DLR.de/tt/aqua-csp
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