Concentrating Solar Power

Concentrating Solar Power A Roadmap from Research to Market Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Pitz-Paal Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Solar Research Germa...
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Concentrating Solar Power A Roadmap from Research to Market Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Pitz-Paal Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Solar Research German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Linder Höhe, D 51147 Köln

Development of European electricity demand,and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000  moderate increase due to efficiency gains and sociodemographic development  significant investments required to replace “old” plants  targets for reduced CO2 emissions and increased renewable sources  window of opportunity for restructuring of electricity sector

 and to reduce dependency on imported fuels

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Development of MENA electricity demand, and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000  significant increase due to economic and population growth  significant investments required for new plants  window of opportunity for sustainable local electricity and water supply  potential of future electricity exports  unique opportunity for closer economic, political and social links with Europe Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Renewable energy resources in Europe and MENA in brackets: (max. yield in GWhel / km² /y)

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 renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands  solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy

Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA

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 renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands  solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy  1 km² of desert land may generate 50 MW of electricity  1 km2 of desert land may produce 200 - 300 GWhel / year

Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA

 1 km² of desert land avoids 200,000 tons CO2 / year

The electrical energy produced by a solar power  Solar thermal power plants are the most technology to harvest this planteffective with the size of Lake Nasser equals thevast total ressource Middle East oil production Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Why solar thermal power plants ?

Conventional power plants

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Why solar thermal power plants ?

Solar thermal power plants

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Why solar thermal power plants ? can be integrated into conventional thermal power plants provide firm capacity (thermal storage, fossil backup)

serve different markets (bulk power, remote power, heat, water) have the lowest costs for solar electricity have an energy payback time of only 6-12 months

Solar thermal power plants

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Solnova 1, PS 10 and PS 20 Concentrating Solar Technologies

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ANDASOL 1 and ANDASOL 2 Concentrating Solar Technologies

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CTS Puertollano Concentrating Solar Technologies

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La Risca / Alvarado Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Novatec-Biosol Fresnel Plant in Spain

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ANDASOL 1, Guadix, Spain (50 MW, 7 h Storage, 2009)

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New Concentrating Solar Power Projects

Nevada Solar One Las Vegas, USA (64 MW, 2007)

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Villarrobledo

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MW

800_

831 MW

Connection schedule for the next STE Plants in Spain

700 _

LADEH MANCH1 PALM1 EXTR2

600 _

MAJAD SOLN4

500 _

FLORID LEBR1

400 _

PALM2 SOLN3

300 _

SOLN1 EXTR1

200_

AND2 RISCA

100 _

PUERT PS20 AND1 PS10

Mar-09Jun-09 Sep-09 Dic-09 Mar-10 Jun-10Sep-10 Dic-10 Concentrating Solar Technologies

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STE applications for grid connection points: 14.730 MW

This can really be defined as a “true pipeline of projects”

Source REE – May 2009

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Concentrating Solar Power Projects 2009 Units in MW

3,912 – 5,352

12 2,232 28 52 20 250 20 25 100

100

total 6,821-8,261 MW

50 10

10

430 MW operating, 500 MW under construction ~9,000 MW in advanced development

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Solar electricity cost of concentrating solar power plants 900 800

2005 purchasing power

0

0 2050

100 2045

5 2040

200

2035

10

2030

300

2025

15

2020

400

2015

20

2010

500

2005

25

2000

600

1995

30

1990

700

1985

35

Installed Capacity [GW]

40

1980

Solar Electricity Cost [ct/kWh]

45

Year SEGS Cost

CSP Cost Spain

CSP Cost Egypt

Worldwide Installed CSP Capacity

Source: EU-IP NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability

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Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km  Hydrogen electrolysis and fuel cells: very high costs and 75% energy losses  AC / HVAC lines: high cost and 45% / 25% energy losses  800 kV HVDC lines: lowest costs and 10% energy losses

www.desertec.org

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Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km

 Additional benefits of HVDC grid: - improved usage of power plants - gain of additional reserve capacity - compensation of local power shortages due to plant or grid failures

www.desertec.org

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Scenario for EU-MENA HVDC interconnection to provide 15% of the European electricity demand in 2050 Year

2020

2030

2040

2050

Capacity GW

2x5

8x5

14 x 5

20 x 5

Transfer TWh/y

60

230

470

700

Capacity Factor

0.60

0.67

0.75

0.80

Land Area km x km

CSP HVDC

15 x 15 30 x 30 40 x 40 50 x 50 3100 x 0.1

3600 x 0.4

3600 x 0.7

3600 x 1.0

Investment Billion €

CSP HVDC

42 5

134 16

245 31

350 45

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Installed capacity vs.vs. peak load in EU-MENA Installed Capacity Peak Load in EUMENA

Installed Capacity [GW]

2400 2000

2400 Photovoltaic

100 % availability + 25 % reserve capacity

Wind Power

2000 Geothermal

1600

1600

1200

1200 Import/Export

800

800

Hydropower Biomass Tidal/Wave CSP Oil & Gas Coal

400 0 2000

5000 h/a

2010

2000 h/a

2020

2030

2040

400

Nuclear Firm Capacity

0 2050

Peak Load

Year Complex mix of centralized, decentralized, fossil, renewable, dispatchable and fluctuating power sources. Total CO2 emissions are reduced to 38% of the 2000 values. EU dependency on fuel imports is reduced from 80% (2050, business as usual) to 32%. Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Fraction of total electricity production

Dependency of electricity import in Europe* 90% 80%

Desertec scenario 70% 60%

current trend

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

Year

*including fuel for power production Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Research Needs High quality – low cost collectors Efficient low cost energy storage Higher system temperature to increase system efficiency

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Quality assurance during manufacturing and operation

Measured

Ray-Tracing

Flux distribution next to absorber tube Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Solid material heat storage

400 380 360 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 01

Oil temperature "hot" side Oil temperature "cold" side

Flow

20 0 -20

05

10

15 Time in days

20

25

Flow in m³/h

Temperature in °C

Temperature and Flow 01.11 - 26.11.2008

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Pilot-scale concrete heat store

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Solid material heat storage

Storage Package

50 m

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Solid material heat storage

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Solid material heat storage

50.000 m³ Concrete Storage Material  6 h – Storage for 50 MW-Power Plant Concentrating Solar Technologies

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Direct Solar Steam Generation

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The solar gas turbine approach

CC  = 25 % (annual)

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Rankine  = 16 % (annual)

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The solar gas turbine approach

SOLUGAS-Project (EU-supported) Partner: Abengoa, DLR, GEA, Turbomach/Solar turbines, NEAL

Electric power: 5 MW Heavy duty gas turbine Mercury 50 GT-efficiency as standard product: 38,5% Without recuperator Location: Adjacent to Plataforma Solar Project start: 10/2008

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Thank you for your attention Concentrating Solar Technologies

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For more information refer to www.DLR.de/tt

www.DLR.de/tt/med-csp www.DLR.de/tt/trans-csp www.DLR.de/tt/aqua-csp

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