Compliance with ASHRAE 90 90.1 1 and LEED Bing Liu Liu, P.E., P E C.EM., C EM LEED AP Senior Research Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory y

CRC 2008 ASHRAE RAL Lisbon, Portugal October 15, 2008

The Challenge Buildings B ildi accountt ffor 1/3 off th the world’s ld’ energy and d materials consumption 40% of GHG emissions result from energy consumption in buildings Huge g g growth in g global energy gy consumption p expected p as standards of living increase

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ASHRAE’s Response Greater G t Efficiency Effi i T Today: d Bl Blue Ski Skies Tomorrow. T ASHRAE Past President Kent Peterson: ASHRAE focuses on the Sustainability through Advanced Energy Design. The ASHRAE Promise: A Sustainable Future. ASHRAE P Pastt P President id t T Terry T Townsend: d ASHRAE members must “carry the fire” to help provide for a sustainable future. Sustainability: Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to be able to meet their needs.

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Topic of Discussions I Incentives ti on Green G Building B ildi D Designs i LEED Rating R ti S System t ASHRAE 90 90.1-2004 1 2004 (A (Appendix di G)

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Incentives on Green Building Designs Tax Incentives EPACT 2005 provides tax incentives for buildings whose energy performance meets or exceeds 50% above ASHRAE 90.1-2001. Some states and cities offer tax incentives for buildings that meet green building codes or become LEED certified.

Federal Leadership EO 13423: High performance buildings to include sustainability principles p p such as LEED. EO 13423: Energy Performance for New Construction to be 30% better than ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004. GSA new building projects must meet LEED certification i t requirements.

Higher Market Values “Green” G ee beco becomes es tthe e main a st stream ea a and d higher g e market a et values. a ues Wal-Mart’s commitment on sustainability and beyond…

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LEED™ Rating System A recognized i d standard t d d ffor th the construction t ti industry i d t tto assess the environmental sustainability of building designs. designs A framework for integrated design 52+ points A point based rating system 6 topic areas 34 credits and maximum of 69 points 4 performance ratings

39 points p 33 p points 26 points i t

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Economics of LEED™ LEED™ Rating LEED LEED™ Points Energy Savings Annuall Utility l Savings Typical Payback

Certified

Silver

Gold

Platinum

26 to 32

33 to 38

39 to 51

52 to 69

25 to 35%

35 to 50%

50 to 60%

>60%

$0.75/ft $0 75/ft2

$1.00/ft $1 00/ft2

$1.25/ft $1 25/ft2

$1.50/ft $1 50/ft2

Under 3 yrs

3-5 3 5 yrs

5-10 5 10 yrs

10+ years

Incremental Construction Cost Small Buildings

3%

7%

10%

15%

Large Buildings

1%

3%

5%

8%

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Source: Enermodal Engineering

LEED™ for New Construction Buildings

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LEED-NC® Point Distribution • 6 LEED T Topic i A Areas Indoor Environmental Quality 22%

Innovation & Design g Process 7% Sustainable Sites 20%

Water W t Efficiency 7%

Materials & Resources 19%

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Energy & Atmosphere 25%

LEED Energy Credits Prerequisites Fundamental F d t l Building B ildi S Systems t Commissioning Minimum Energy Performance Meet ASHRAE 90.1-2004 or local energy gy code -

whichever is more stringent CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment

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LEED-NC 2.2 p Energy gy Performance Optimize 2 points i t mandatory d t for f all ll LEED for f New N Construction C t ti projects j t registered after June 26, 2007 Option 1: Whole Building Energy Simulation

(1 - 10 Points)

Baseline: ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Appendix G Option 2:

Prescriptive Compliance Path:

(4 Points)

Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Building (by ASHRAE and its partners, up to 20,000 sf) Option p 3:

Prescriptive p Compliance p Path:

Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide (by New Building Institute, up to 100,000 sf ) 11

((2 - 5 Points))

Advanced Energy Design Guides The AEDG series Th i are intended i t d d tto provide id a simple i l and d easy approach for use by small buildings contractors and designers. The e initial a se series es o of gu guides des have a ea an e energy e gy sa saving g target a ge o of 30% better than ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999, but the energy analyses show the savings of 30% better than Standard 90.12004. Free download at www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

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Advanced Energy Design Guides AEDG Energy Savings 45% 40% 35%

42%

40%

38%

37% 31%

35%

33%

30%

30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Small Office

Small Retail

Savings over 90.1-1999

K-12 School

Warehouse

Savings over 90.1-2004

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Source: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Whole Building Energy Simulation Credits Based on Performance above ASHRAE 90 1-2004 Appendix G 90.1-2004

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New Buildings g

Existing g Buildings g

Points

10.5%

3.5%

1

14.0%

7.0%

2

17.5%

10.5%

3

21.0%

14.0%

4

24.5%

17.5%

5

28.0%

21.0%

6

31 5% 31.5%

24 5% 24.5%

7

35.0%

28.0%

8

38 5% 38.5%

31 5% 31.5%

9

42.0%

35.0%

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ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Provide minimum requirements for the energyefficient design of buildings except low-rise residential buildings.

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Scope p of Standard 90.1 New buildings and their systems New portions of buildings and their systems (additions) New systems and equipment in existing buildings (alterations) Does not apply to: single family, or low-rise (3 story or less) residential buildings building that use energy primarily process or industrial g systems y gy p y for p use

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Organization of Standard 90.1 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Purpose P Scope D fi iti Definitions Administration and Enforcement Building Envelope Heating Ventilating Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning

7 8 9 10 11 12

Service S i W Water t Heating H ti Power Li hti Lighting Other Equipment E Energy Cost C t Budget B d t (ECB) Method Normative References

90.1-2004 Appendix G g Method - General Performance Rating

NOT PART OF STANDARD; STANDARD merely l iinformative f ti Intended for use in rating energy efficiency of building designs that exceed the requirements of the Standard Standard. Provides standard procedures for rating the energy efficiencyy of the entire building g Gives credit for advanced design strategies

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Appendix G Differences from ECB Method NOT O an alternative compliance path to comply with the Standard Performance rating method includes the total energy consumption for all end uses Credit is offered for better building orientation Interior or exterior automatic shades maybe modeled and credited Credit for occupancy sensors and timers for lighting Greater credit for HVAC system y selection

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Appendix G q Simulation General Requirements Si l ti requirements Simulation i t similar i il tto ECB M Method th d Exception: Appendix G requires 8 8,760 760 hours per year model ECB needs only 1400 hours per year model

Comparison p between Proposed p and Baseline Building g Performance in Table G3.1

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Appendix G Schedules Changes to schedules allowed ffor energy efficiency C ff measures: lighting controls natural ventilation demand control ventilation measures that reduce service water heating loads and more…

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Appendix G Building Envelope Baseline building orientation and fenestration f locations normalized in model Baseline Envelope meets code requirements for common construction type (lightweight assembly) Only automatically controlled shading devices may be modeled

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Baseline Building Fenestration Layout ECB Method • Glazing area is equal to design or 40% of gross above grade wall area (whichever is smaller) • Glazing locations are equal to design

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Appendix G • Glazing g area is equal q to design or 40% of gross above grade wall area ((whichever is smaller)) • Glazing distributed uniformly in horizontal bands across all four orientations

Baseline Building Orientation ECB M Method th d Actual Building Orientation

Appendix G Average of 4 Building Rotations 0°

0°

90°

180°

270°

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Baseline Building Envelope Type ECB M Method th d Proposed Design Envelope ype type

Appendix G Common Lightweight A Assembly bl ttypes

Example: A concrete building in Jacksonville, FL:

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‹

ECB: U = 0.580 for mass wall

‹

A Appendix di G G: U = 0 0.124 124 ffor steel-framed t lf d wallll

Appendix G Lighting Model M d ld daylighting li hti via i software ft or schedules h d l Automatic lighting controls through the power adjustment percentage or schedules

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Appendix G y Type yp Baseline HVAC System D Depending di on th the N Number b off Fl Floors and dB Building ildi Si Size

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Appendix G y Requirements q Baseline HVAC System Equipment sizing safety f factors f - 15% % ffor cooling and 25% for heating Economizers – per Tables G3 G3.1.2.6A, 1 2 6A B B, C Supply fan power sizing criteria defined Energy recovery criteria defined Demand control ventilation - allow to adjust ventilation rates in the proposed design

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Appendix G Baseline HVAC System (contd.) Hot water pumping, HW supply temp & reset criteria defined – 19 w/gpm, threshold for variable pumping Chiller plant criteria CHW pumping, CHW supply temp & reset criteria defined – 22 w/gpm, w/gpm threshold for variable pumping Heat rejection and pumping criteria

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Appendix G y ((contd.)) Baseline HVAC System Supply S l air i ttemp resett criteria it i VAV minimum criteria – 0.4 cfm/sf F power boxes Fan b criteria it i – 0.35 0 35 w/cfm / f VAV main fans part-load performance defined

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Energy Modeling: good as inputs Results only y as g DOE 2 DOE-2 eQUEST (www.doe2.com) EnergyGauge Summit (http://www (http://www.energygauge.com/) energygauge com/)

EnergyPlus gy (http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/) p gy g g gyp ) DesignBuilder (www.designbuilder.co.uk/)

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If You Have a Question or Two…

Feel Free to Contact: Bing g Liu,, P.E. at [email protected] (509) 375-3710

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