Community Policing in the United Kingdom Chief Superintendent Stephen Bloomfield Metropolitan Police
Introduction The UK context The re-invention of Community Policing Community Policing in the UK Existing and future challenges
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Background – Structure of UK Policing Home Office Police Authorities 43 Constabularies “Tri-partite arrangement” Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO)
Police Reform Public Sector Reform (2001) National standards/ Devolution / flexibility / choice
Police Reform Act (2002)
Priority crime Serious and organised crime Tackling antianti-social behaviour and disorder CitizenCitizen-focused policing
Building Communities, Beating Crime (2004) Neighbourhood Policing Communities to have a greater say in how their neighbourhood is policed
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Metropolitan Police: Total Notifiable Offences (2001 – 2006) 1100000 1080000 1060000 1040000 1020000 1000000 980000 960000 940000 920000 2001/2
2002/3
2003/4
2004/5
2005/6
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MPS – Trends in Dissatisfaction with Policing (1999 -2005) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999/2000
2000/1
2001/2
2002/3
2003/4
2004/5
The Reassurance Gap
Recorded volume crime down
Fear of crime up & sense of insecurity increased
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The Reinvention Cycle
Detections increase
Demand for greater visibility
Demand to tackle ‘low level’ crime
Priority crime falls
Enforcement Focus •Intelligence led squads •Strong response teams •Strong detective teams
The Neighbourhood Policing Reinvention Cycle
Why?
Promises to correct failings Political criticisms (esp. during election campaigns)
Police not part of community – demand for community policing
Community Focus •Dedicated neighbourhood teams •Reduced squads, response and detective teams Welcomed and applauded
Media criticises performance
Priority crime rises
Detection rates fall in priority crimes
Community Policing in the UK
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Complexities & Challenges Violent Crime
Terrorist Threats
Neighbourhoods
Investigation Public Confidence
Rising Demands
BCU Response
Proactive Critical Incidents
Organised Crime Risk Management
Background to Neighbourhood Policing
National Reassurance Policing Programme Signal Crime Types of crime & disorder that have a disproportionate impact upon perceptions of risk
Citizen Focus Agenda
Fairness and Equality Neighbourhood Policing & Community Engagement Customer Service and Accessibility
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The Purpose of Neighbourhood Policing is to deliver the right people, at the right places and in the right numbers to create neighbourhoods that are and that feel safe
Requirements of neighbourhood policing Consistent presence of dedicated teams capable of
working with the community to establish and maintain control – to be visible, accessible, skilled, knowledgeable and familiar to the community
IntelligenceIntelligence-led identification of community concerns –
prompt effective, targeted action against those concerns
Joint action and problem solving with the community and other partners – to improve the local environment and quality of life within the community
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10 Principles of Neighbourhood Policing 1. Organisational Strategy 2. Integrated Policing Activity 3. Evidence Based Deployment 4. Dedicated Teams 5. Locally Dependent
10 Principles of Neighbourhood Policing
6. Public Priorities 7. Collaborative Partnerships 8. Intelligence Led 9. Community Engagement 10. Performance Management
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7 Stage Neighbourhood Policing Model 1 Research
What do we know?
Local Assessment
Research Support
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7 Stage Neighbourhood Policing Model 1 Research
2 Engage
Local Assessment
What do we know? Can we engage?
Yes No
Police Go Between
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Public Issues
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Investigation & Analysis
What matters? Root causes & stakeholders
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Public Choices
What matters most?
Public Meeting Police
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Plan & Action
Focus Group Public Meeting Surveys
Visible action
Partners Public
7 Review
Vehicle crime
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Public Perception Survey Barnsbury Ward – Youth Disorder Barnard Park (13 Responses) •Youths throwing bottles at passers-by.
Richmond Avenue (2 responses)
•Youths thought to be involved in petty crime and robberies.
•Youths causing criminal damage to property.
•Underage Drinking
•Youths letting off fireworks.
•Riding mopeds around the park and abandoning or setting fire to them.
Cloudesley Square (2 Responses)
•Causing noise and litter (including broken glass)
•Youths causing Criminal Damage to parked vehicles.
Barnsbury Estate (16 Responses) •Youths congregating in stairwells where they eat takeaway food and smoke drugs and urinate in lifts as well as graffitting walls •Intimidating residents and causing harassment by ringing doorbells to blocks.
Carnegie Street (1 response)
•Youths riding mopeds on Charlotte Terrace.
Gangs of youths congregating on Canal Path.
•Smashing phone box on Copenhagen St
Public Perception Survey Problem Areas – Barnsbury Estate Ewen House Drug Dealers Kids Smoking Drugs
Ritson House Drug Dealers Gangs using block As a toilet Youths congregating, Eating takeaway food On stairs and leaving Litter.
Blackmore House Intimidating youths trying to Gain access to the block.
Jocelyn House Graffiti Youths throwing missiles Nuisance Neighbours Youths urinating in the lift
Adrian House Youths smoking cannabis
Messiter House Youths smoking cannabis Youths urinating in the lift
Copenhagen House Youths smoking Cannabis on stairs
Molton House Groups of youths congregating On stairs at night and causing Damage Youths smoking cannabis Underage Drinking Samford House Windows smashed Fires set outside front door
Aldrick House Intimidating youths trying To gain access to the block Berners House Nuisance Neighbours Theft Of Pedal Cycle
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Neighbourhood Policing in London – “Safer Neighbourhoods” 630 Neighbourhood Teams Use of dedicated teams comprising an effective mix of skills and powers
1 x Sergeant (1st line supervisor) 2 x Police Constables 3 x Police Community Support Officers
“Special Constables” Constables” (Shopwatch / campus watch) Analysts & researchers Safer Neighbourhood Insps
Performance Outcomes
Fear of crime Concern about antianti-social behaviour Satisfaction with local policing Satisfaction that police have identified issues that are a priority for local people Satisfaction that police re dealing with issues that are a priority for local people
Key Individual Network surveys Neighbourhood outputs
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Implementation barriers Cultural barriers Complexity of “neighbourhoods” Mission creep New forms of leadership are required Performance management Strategic demands of local policing
Wards where Antisocial behaviour by young people is a priority
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Thank You Steve Bloomfield
[email protected]
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