Commercial Remote Sensing: An Historical Chronology 2000
1995
1990 Jan. 1992 WorldView Imaging Corporation established
Sept. 1993 CNES launches SPOT-3
Jan. 1993 WorldView receives 1st license to operate high resolution imaging satellite from U.S. Govt
Jan. 1995 WorldView merges with Ball Aerospace to become EarthWatch Inc.
Dec. 1997 Earthwatch launches EarlyBird 1 (3m pan; 15m msi resolution) from Svobodny, Russia
Mar. 1994 President Clinton signs Presidential Decision Directive 23 (PDD-23)
Nov. 1995 RADARSAT-1 launched (8-100m resolution)
Four days later, onorbit power problems terminate EarlyBird’s operations
Space Imaging successfully launches IKONOS-2. World’s first commercial 1-m resolution satellite
Nov. 2000 Earthwatch launches QuickBird 1 from Plesetsk, Russia but suffers a launch failure. Satellite fails to achieve orbit
April, 1999 Space Imaging launches IKONOS-1 (1m pan; 4m msi resolution).
Oct. 1992 Following President Bush’s National Space Policy Directive 5, Congress signs Land Remote Sensing Policy Act
Sept. 1999
Dec. 1995
Satellite fails to achieve orbit.
India launches IRS-1C (5.8m resolution)
Act authorizes US Dept of Commerce to license private remote sensing space systems
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Commercial Remote Sensing: Historical Chronology 2000
2002
2007
2006
Dec. 2000 Israel’s ImageSat Intl launches EROS-A (1.8m pan resolution)
Oct. 2001 DigitalGlobe successfully launches QuickBird 2 on a Delta 2 rocket from Vandenberg AFB
Sept. 2001 OrbImage launches OrbView-4 satellite (1m pan: 4m msi).
World’s highest resolution commercial imaging satellite (60-cm pan; 2.4m msi)
May, 2002
Jan. 2003
CNES launches SPOT-5 (2.5m pan; 10m msi resolution)
NIMA awards ClearView contracts to DigitalGlobe and Space Imaging
Apr. 2003 Jun. 2002 DCI Tenet issues directive requiring US Intelligence Community to rely on commercial satellite imagery to the greatest extent possible
President Bush authorizes U.S. Commercial Remote Sensing Space Policy
Spring, 2003 NIMA announces intent to have NextView program.
Apr. 2006
OrbImage successfully launches OrbView-3 (1m pan; 4m msi)
Israel’s ImageSat Intl succesfully launches EROS-B (70-cm pan)
Sept, 2007 DigitalGlobe successfully launches WorldView-1 (50-cm pan) on a Delta 2 rocket from VAFB.
Sept. 2003 DigitalGlobe awarded NextView contract
Dec. 2007 GeoEye building GeoEye-1 (41-cm pan; 1.6m msi) Scheduled for Summer 2008 launch.
Launch fails.
4/9/2010
Jun. 2003
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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US Space Policy Specifics – Governing Documents •
1992 Land Remote Sensing Policy Act – Mainly a law regarding Landsat operations and procurement but…. – “The National interest of the US lies in maintaining international leadership in satellite land remote sensing” – “Development of the remote sensing market…should remain exclusively the function of the private sector” – Subchapter II details how to license private remote sensing space systems • Secretary of Commerce is the licensing authority • “Operate the system in such manner as to preserve the national security of the United States”
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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US Space Policy Specifics – Governing Documents •
2003 US Commercial Remote Sensing Policy – Policy document -> no legally enforceable actions are created or intended – Policy goal is to advance US national security interests by maintaining leadership in remote sensing space activities – Provides guidance in four key areas: • • • •
4/9/2010
1. Licensing and operation of remote sensing satellites 2. USG use of commercial remote sensing capabilities 3. Foreign access to US commercial remote sensing satellites 4. Intelligence and defense relationships involving US commercial remote sensing capabilities
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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US Space Policy Specifics – Governing Documents •
2003 US Commercial Remote Sensing Policy – USG will… • • • •
Focus USG imagery systems on needs that cannot be met by commercial entities Rely on commercial capabilities for filling military, intel, civil, imagery needs Enable US industry to compete as provider of imagery for foreign govt’s and users Develop long-term relationship between USG and the US commercial remote sensing industry
– SECDEF and DCI shall communicate current and projected needs to industry – Establishes NGA as agency responsible for disseminating commercial imagery for national security and foreign policy requirements
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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USG Space Policy Specifics •
To operate a commercial remote sensing satellite NOAA must issue a license – the license is the ‘authority to operate’ – License applications are reviewed by DoD (national security purposes), DoS (foreign policy), DoI (remote sensing data storage archive), and any other appropriate agencies – License is valid for life of system or until DoC determines non-compliance with terms of Remote Sensing Policy Act or the terms of the license
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License has a number of restrictions – Resolution, Shutter control, Contract information, Denied Parties screening, Data Availability to USG, Spacecraft Operations
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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US Space Policy Specifics •
Resolution – Ground Sample Distance must be consistent with license – Applies to panchromatic, multi-spectral, synthetic aperture radar, and hyperspectral systems
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Shutter Control – USG reserves the right to make DG “go black” in certain areas OR to provide imagery exclusively to the USG – Implemented with Space Imaging during early phases of Afghanistan war
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Contract Information – DG must provide contract information with other customers to the USG
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Data Availability – USG access to use data on reasonable terms and conditions when required for national security or foreign policy purposes (data may be ‘unenhanced’)
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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US Space Policy Specifics •
Denied Parties list – DigitalGlobe must avoid selling imagery to certain individuals and entities – DigitalGlobe receives a list of Denied Parties from the State Dept • List is updated at least weekly • DG has no insight into how the list gets created or updated
– If an order is received and flags against the Denied Parties list DG has certain obligations for reporting • Required to check once/order, but actually happens three times (order receipt, image acquisition, order delivery)
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Spacecraft Operations – Maintain positive control of spacecraft operations – Maintain tasking record – Preserve national security and international obligations
4/9/2010
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Imagery Uses and Applications
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Only Limited Geospatial Data Available to Arms Treaty Inspectors • For years, “Line Drawings” were the primary tool for treaty inspectors • High resolution satellite imagery was unavailable, or only via highly classified channels
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USG Uses of Commercial Satellite Imagery •
Benefits – Does not give away any National Asset capabilities – Data may be shared with allied countries, civilian agencies, non-governmental agencies – Unclassified way for USG to show data it wants others to know about
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Uses – Change detection, large mapping projects, specific operations
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Integration into overall NGA architecture • Pre-emptive, emphasis-based tasking • Recently used for Haitian relief efforts
– Augments existing assets • Buildup coverage of an area • Change detection, mapping ,etc.
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Military Use Is Changing •
Rapid delivery of imagery to warfighter for mission planning is being implemented – Allows commercial imagery to assist tactical, operational, strategic planning
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Commercial imagery may be used in the field – Unclassified – May be shared with local populace, local NGOs, local government
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Satellite Imagery Used in the Field Today
NY Times Photograph 13
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NY Times Photograph 4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Civilian Applications for Satellite Imagery
• Civil
• Business
• Consumer
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Commercial - Civil Agencies Key Drivers
Example Applications
Significant growth in developing countries – monitor, analyze, plan and manage change on ground –
Asia - Eastern Europe - South America
Expanding use of imagery for national mapping activities
Environmental Monitoring
Planning Urban Development
Broader use across civil agencies – beyond GIS experts
Economics of content solutions vs tasking projects
Expanding global reseller network - 42 today
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Commercial - Enterprise Applications Key Drivers
Example Applications
Integration of location-based imagery into business planning, processes and software
Greater accessibility of web-based geospatial solutions
Economics of content solutions vs tasking
Expanded availability ready-to-go industry-
Oil & Gas Facilities Management
Retail and Development Site Selection
Select Customers
specific solutions –
World oil basins
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World cities
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Rich mineral sites
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Asset infrastructure
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Commercial - Consumer Applications Key Drivers
Example Applications
Combination of digital maps with comprehensive imagery creating powerful new consumer applications
Proliferation of personal navigation and mobile devices
Growth of next generation entertainment
Web-Based Mapping Information
Personal and Automobile Navigation
Select Customers
applications, e.g. gaming
Economics of content solutions vs tasking
Investment in vertical market expertise
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Crisis Response •
Two methods for DigitalGlobe to make our imagery available following a natural disaster – USG will post our images on their portals – DigitalGlobe will make our imagery available on our web service and ftp sites
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USG use of our imagery – – – –
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DigitalGlobe hosted imagery – – – –
4/9/2010
USG grants access to first responders, NGOs, local governments, etc Often done when there are USG personnel deploying to the area Commercial entities normally not given access DG approves requests to use our imagery in this manner DigitalGlobe makes a limited set of our imagery available for unique events Preference to search and rescue operations Commercial entities must sign up to have access Company gets many requests from a variety of sources DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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Web Services: Haiti Response • January 12, 2010: Magnitude 7.0 earthquake strikes Port au Prince, Haiti • Within hours, DG activates Crisis Event Service for Haiti • Provides free web-based access of archive and newly collected DG imagery to first responders • Supports WMS, web plug-ins for GIS software • By January 25, 2010, more than 4,460 registered users had online access to more than 130,000 sqnmi of satellite imagery of the affected region
BU Today Photo
Boston University Remote Sensing Team Briefing Haitian President Rene Preval
WV2 for Urban Forestry
Trees
Hollywood’s Version of Satellite Imagery & 3D!
03/09/2008
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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International Competition
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A Global Satellite Imagery Industry US and International Competitors – DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, France, Israel, India • Electro-Optical satellite capabilities not as robust as U.S. commercial data providers, but catching up – EROS-B successfully launched (70cm pan) – Cartosat-2 successfully launched (~70cm pan) – Pleaides launch 2010? (70-cm pan; 2.8m msi) • New radar satellites – TerraSar-X – RadarSat-2 – Cosmo-Skymed
Ikonos
QuickBird
EROS-A&B
CARTOSAT-2 Terrasar-X
Cosmo-Skymed Cosmo-Skymed
Kompsat-2
Radarsat-2
Pleaides
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WorldView-2
GeoEye-1
WorldView-1 24
“Join the Satellite Imagery Club!”
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An Increasingly Capable Industry
ImageSat EROS B 70 cm resolution May 2006
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Terrasar First Radar Image
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Radarsat-2 Imagery of Paris, France
4/9/2010
DigitalGlobe Proprietary
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What ’s Coming Next? What’s
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Where Will Satellite Imagery & 3D Modeling Show Up Next? Instant Access – Online, Offline, On the Go
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What’s Coming Next?
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