Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease Mitchell S. Cappell, MD, PhD, FACG

Med Clin N Am 89 (2005) 243–291 胃腸內科 陳青富 醫師

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GERD refers to the pathologic reflux of gastric fluid into the esophagus through the gastroesophageal junction. Belching, which is reflux of air from the stomach to the esophagus and beyond. Vomiting, which is reflux of digested foods (primarily a semisolid solution). Reflux esophagitis have evident esophageal abnormalities at esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or at pathologic analysis of endoscopic biopsies.

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Nonerosive reflux disease have reflux symptoms and abnormal acid exposure with no evident esophageal abnormalities at EGD or at pathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies. Although gastroesophageal reflux has been defined as reflux of acid (pH