Clauses & Sentence Types Wednesday

Daily Grammar Practice

Day 3…It’s Wednesday! Time to make the sentences! DGP is about using the building blocks early in the week to understand the overall types of sentences you have. Ho w to g et starte d : 1 . Ev alu ate ho w m any s ub je ct-ve rb pai rs you h ave th at make up cl ause s. 2 . Id en tif y e ach cla use b y pla cin g b rackets arou n d e ach on e . 3 . L abe l e ach cl aus e a s in de pe n de n t o r de pe n de nt (i f d e pe nd e nt, is i t ad je ctiva l o r ad ve rbia l?) 3 . L oo k at th e typ es of cl au ses an d labe l the se n ten ce b y typ e (si mpl e, co mpo un d, co mpl ex , o r co mpo u nd -co mpl ex ) 4 . L abe l th e se nte n ce by pu rpo se . o uch t r – M ave! a m Gram n I still h lear

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Abbreviations [

]

- put around each clause

ind cl - independent clause adj dep cl - adjective dependent clause adv dep cl - adverb dependent clause SS - simple sentence CD - compound sentence CX - complex sentence DEC - declarative sentence EXC - exclamatory sentence INT - interrogative sentence IMP - imperative sentence

CLAUSES EVERY clause must have a subje ct and verb Types:

ed a pu ru s s l u ic h e v V e s t ib u l u m urna.

Independent – A complete thought that can stand alone. Dependent – Contains a least one subject and one verb but is not a complete thought; typically begins with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction.

Independent Clauses Eve ry se n ten ce must have at least one independent clause.

Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses are also called subordinate clauses. The dependent clause can NEVER stand alone.

The independent clause is a COMPLETE

A dependent clause starts with a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction.

THOUGHT and can stan d ALO NE. An independent clause does not start with a relative pronoun or subordinating

because though

Common Subordinate Conjunctions as since if while although after whenever even as if when until so that before unless

conjunction Independent clauses can be joined with

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS TYPICALLY START ADVERB DEPENDENT CLAUSES!!

co ord in atin g co nj un cti on s or se mi co lo ns . that Co o rdin atin g Co nj un ctio n s = FANB O YS fo r

an d

no r

bu t

or

ye t

Relative Pronouns which who whom

whose

RELATIVE PRONOUNS TYPICALLY START ADJECTIVE DEPENDENT CLAUSES!!

so

2

Types of Dependent Clauses Adjectival and Adverbial

Just to review…

con

t.

Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, and answer the questions: What kind? Which one? How many? Adverb modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, and answer the questions: How? When? Where? To what extent? **Use these basic adjective and adverb principals to guide your labeling of dependent clause types.

Adjective Dependent Clauses - Acts like an adjective to modify a noun of pronoun in the independent clause. - Usually starts with a relative pronoun (See list on pg. 2) Examples: ind. cl. ad j. d e p. cl. [She likes the guy] [wh o sits in fron t o f he r] **”who sits in front of her” tells which guy ind. cl. ad j. d e p. cl. [I want a bicycle] [th at I can rid e ov er ro u gh gro u nd .] **”that I can ride over rough ground” tells what kind of bike start of ind. cl. ad j. d e p. cl. end of ind. cl. [The new food [th at th e v e teri nari an re co mme n de d] is good for our hamster.] **”that the veterinarian recommended” tells which food

Adverb Dependent Clauses - Acts like an adverb and will usually modify a verb in the independent clause. - Usually starts with a subordinating conjunction (See list on pg. 5) Examples: ind. cl. adv. dep. cl. [The boys will eat] [before the bells ring.] **”before the bells ring” tells when the boys will eat adv. dep. cl. ind. cl. [If the dress is too long,] [we will hem it.] **”if the dress is too long” tell when the dress will be hemmed adv. dep. cl ind. cl. [After I finish painting the bookcases,] [I will call you.] **”after I finish painting the bookcases” tells when the person will call 3

Sentence Types Sentence types are classified by the kinds of clauses that they contain.

1.

Sim ple sentence = one independent clause Examp le s: S V [A go od rain w ill h el p th e farme rs. ]

Notic e verbs : 2 subje c be gr but they c ts and 2 oupe anno d t ha n t one s into mor e pair, u there bject/ver only o fo b ne cla re there i s use.

S S V [Ch alu pas an d faji tas are two po pu lar M e xican d ish e s.] S S V V [Th e do g an d the kitte n lay th ere an d na ppe d.]

2. Compound sentence = two or more independent clauses Examp le s: S V S V [Sarah wro te abo ut he r mo the r,] an d [ Le roy w rote ab ou t h is c ou sin f rom Jamai ca.] S

V

S

V

[No ah li ke s ap ple s; Sarah like s o rang es .]

3. Complex sentence = one independent clause + one or more dependent clauses t Examp le s: S V S V [W he n I h ear classi cal musi c,] [I thi nk o f Au nt Sof ia.]

en pend he de the T ! ! LOOK is INSIDE se!! e u claus ndent cla e p inde

S S V V [H el en K e lle r, [ wh o ov ercam e sev ere p hysi cal i mpai rmen ts,] sh ow ed gre at stre ng th.]

4.

Compound-Complex = two or more independent clauses + one o r mo re dependent clauses Examp le s: S V S V S V [W he ne v er we go o n vacati on ,] [o ur ne ig hb ors mow o ur yard ,] and [th e y co lle ct o u r mail .] S V S V S V [Th e ban d pl ayed ,] an d [Su e was pu lle d o nto th e flo o r for a dan ce ] [ that w as startin g. ] 4

Sentence Purpose Declarative sentence – makes a STAT EMEN T and ends in a perio d. Examples: Amy Tan was born in Oakland, California. I couldn’t hear what Jason said.

Interrogative sentence – asks a QUESTION and ends in a question mark. Examples: When did you return from your camping trip? Did the surfboard cost much?

Imperative sentence – gives a COMMAN D and ends in a perio d. Examples: Be quiet during the play. Please give me another piece of melon. **Don’t forget that the subject of an imperative sentence is the UNDERSTOOD “YOU.”

Exclamato ry sentence – expresses STRONG FEELINGS and e nds in an exclam ation point Examples: Gabrielle won the match! How terrifying the movie was!

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