City of Copenhagen and C-ITS Experiences Cooperative ITS and cities CIMEC-CODECS Joint City Pool workshop 14 November 2016, Barcelona 12-18hrs Bahar Namaki Araghi, Eng., PhD ITS Project Manager, City of Copenhagen, The Technical and Environmental Administration, Traffic Department, Copenhagen, Denmark, Mobile: +45 2135 3792, Email: [email protected]

Copenhagen and ITS

Copenhagen

Population: 592,000

Size – City: 86 km2

Density: 6,800 inh./km2

Population – Region: 1.8 M

Background Copenhagen the First CO2 Neutral City by 2025

CPH 2025 Climate Plan The major goals for mobility in 2025 are: • 75% of all trips in Copenhagen are on foot, by bicycle or public transport. • 50% of all trips to work or education in Copenhagen are by bike. • 20% more passengers use public transport. • Public transport is carbon neutral. • 20-30% of all light vehicles run on new fuels. • 30-40% of all heavy vehicles run on new fuels.

Copenhagen’s population growth versus CO2 emissions reduction

Situation now 17% 30% Bicycle Public Transport

All trips in Copenhagen

Car Pedestrian 33% 20%

5%

23%

Bicycle

Trips to and from work and education in Copenhagen

45%

Public Transport Car Pedestrian

27%

MODAL SHARE

2012

2014

Traffic Development (Inner City Rush Hour)

Limiting car traffic Modal Split Goals for New Trips 2013-2025

700.000 New Trips

Bicycle Walking Public Transport Car

City of Copenhagen’s Traffic Management Plan

Network definition Service goals for strategic routes Service goals and priority types

Service Goals and Priorities Service goals for 2018 Mode

Service goals for 2018 (basis 2011)

Bicycles

 

Reduce travel time by 10% Reduce number of stops by 10%

Pedestrians



Inner City: Enough time to cross the road during the green light Rest of the city: Focus on pedestrians in shopping street areas and traffic hubs

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Buses

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Cars

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The transport network included in Traffic Management Plan

Reduce travel time by 5-20% (depending on route) Increase travel time reliability by 10% Travel time must not be increased and is to be reduced by 5% on key roads Increase travel time reliability by 10% Reduce number of stops by 10%

Copenhagen Smart City Project 2015

ITS-Program

ITS Program Signal optimization

Variable Message Signs for Cyclist

ECO-Driving

ITSProgram Traffic Management System (CTMS) & Sensor Network

Dynamic Urban Space

Intelligent Street Lighting

ITS Program

Figure 1. Topics within ITS Copenhagen

Traffic management system (CTMS) MobiMaestro

Traffic Control Management System (CTMS)

Data and traffic management Sensor network

• Sensor network in traffic hot spots • GPS data Buses (Movia) Cars & cyclists (optional)

Traffic signal optimization

Traffic signal optimization Tagensvej

9 corridors 5 optional corridors

Kalkbrænderihavnsgade

Tuborgvej

Søgaderne Nørre Voldgade Farimagsgade Torvegade Vesterbrogade Ørestads Blvd. Vigerslev Allé

Kalvebod Brygge Ring 2 - Vestj Gl. Køge Landevej

Amager Fælledvej

Dynamic Urban Space Creating concepts for a dynamic use of urban space. Allowing different modalities more space, when it is necessary. Avoiding conflict, increasing safety.

Intelligent Street Lighting 5 intersections •

Detecting pedestrians and cyclists.

•

Brightening the street lights at intersections.

•

Improving safety.

•

Potentially conserving power by dimming lights

Message signs for cyclists

Changing cyclist habits and behavior through real time traffic information. • Less congestion • Less travel time • Improving traffic safety • Less conflict … we hope 

Message signs for cyclists Informing cyclists about •

Congestion on bike lane

•

Events

•

Road works ahead

•

Weather conditions

•

Air pollution

•

More…

ECO-Driving

Copenhagen C-ITS Road Map

Topology of C-ITS systems C-ITS System components: • Vehicle ITS station (V-ITS-S) • Roadside ITS station (R-ITS-S)

• Local Dynamic Map • Traffic light controller (TLC)

• Cloud-based using cellular 3G/4G

• Regular, using ITS-G5 in addition

C-ITS Platforms in Copenhagen • Folehaven • Compass 4D • ECO-Driving

Copenhagen C-ITS Road Map

ECO-Driving

ECO-Driving

Vehicle ITS station (V-ITS-S) • Smartphone • HMI • On-Board Unit

Smart Phone and the On-Board Unit

Roadside ITS station(R-ITS-S) The Roadside ITS station consist of a host and router. The function of the Host is • to check whether a passing vehicle router is allowed to get a specific service and then to • request this service to (in the case of ecoDriving) the TLC. In addition, specific services and protocols can be • implemented on the host. Its responsibilities are: • • Provide TLC data to the LDM in the router; • • Roadside application processing, e.g. search the LDM to find vehicles that need priority; • • Storage of log data; • • Maintaining a management connection to the ITS server

Road Site Station and the Host

7 Interfaces that need to be open • OBU-RSU • CTMS - smartphone or OBU • R-ITS - TLC • TLC- CTMS • RSU-CTMS

Direction of the data stream

Direction of the data stream

3 Scenarios

3 Scenarios

Copenhagen C-ITS Road Map

Communication Methods • Regular (ITS-G5) • Cloud based (3G/4G) Modules • Energy Efficient Intersection • Multi-modal (incl. cyclists) • Bus Priority • Road Hazard Warning Human Machine Interfaces • Sound • Multiple languages Standards • Recent ETSI ITS G5 standards • RSMP(+) RSU • OBU •

Folehavn

COMPASS4D

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Technolution

ITS Copenhagen

• PKI and Privacy • PKI and interoperability

COMPLEXITY S0: no ITS security

PRIVACY

C-ITS Security

PKI is a process-intensive feature. Several processes (managing keys and credentials) need to be put in place and maintained with serious caution in order to guarantee the level of security envisaged. PKI is actually based on entity authentication and therefore clearly affects privacy matters. ITS security implementation increases the level of confidence about the integrity of ITS stations (OBUs and RSUs) participating in the communication. It however means that stations that are not supporting the relevant PKI are per design excluded from the ITS communication theater. This obviously has impact on interoperability when this characteristic is also relevant to the ITS project (more on this in section ‘PKI and interoperability’).

S3: PKI + pseudo + renewal / revoke S2: PKI + pseudo

S1: PKI SECURITY

C-ITS European Standards

•

Political • EU, National, Trans-National • Lack of local political interests • Lack of concrete experience on cost/benefit • Lack of various stakeholders involvement • User Privacy

•

Financial • Implementation is costly • Service and Maintenance (regular updates due to development) • TLC programming • Maintenances • OBU/RSU configurations • Installation • Procuring Technological • Lack of standards • Not backward compatibility between OBU/RSU • No standards between TLC/RSU • No standards between OBU/HMI”

C-ITS Challenges • • • •

Political Financial Technological Legal

•

• • • • • •

Vendor locked solutions No clear guideline for which communication technology to be used for various services and road users Lack of business models Lack if standards for interoperability, multimodality Security and Privacy issues

Legal • Lack of experience with procurement & contracting

Thank You!

Thank you for your attention!

Bahar Namaki Araghi, PhD ITS Project Manager City of Copenhagen Email: [email protected] Tel:+45 21353792