China & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty Reduction

China & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty Reduction Allan Cain Development Workshop Angola & Liu Haifang Centre for African Studies – PkU - China Pre...
Author: August Sharp
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China & Africa Exchange In Urban Poverty Reduction Allan Cain Development Workshop Angola &

Liu Haifang Centre for African Studies – PkU - China

Presented to the

Urban LandMark Conference 13 - 14 March 2013 Johannesburg – South Africa

Measuring Urban Poverty Reduction •



UN Habitat established a Global Urban Observatory Program to help countries monitor their progress to meeting the key urban MDGs as articulated in Goal 7 indicators 11. The aim of the Urban MDGs is to reduce the proportion of populations living is slums by measuring the following indicators: 1. Acess to an adequate potable water supply 2. Acess to improved sanitation 3. Sufficient living space 4. Durable and safe housing 5. Secure land tenure

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Urban Growth Rates in Africa & Asia

China & Africa Urban & Economic Growth

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Africa & Asia Urban Poverty Reduction

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Reduction of Slums between 1990 & 2010

1990

2010

Reduction of Slums between 1990 - 2010

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Economic Exclusion & Gini Coefficients The Gini coefficient measures the inequality of wealth within a group such as a city. A Gini coefficient of ‘zero’ expresses perfect equality while ‘one’ expresses maximal inequality

The World’s most Unequal Cities

Who benefits from urban growth?

How do women fare?

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Angolan Urban Poverty Observatory 9030000

The purpose of the observatory is to monitor key urban indicators and ensure that the information is used to inform policies, public institutions and local policy-makers National and local observatories also involve representatives from civil society, private sector and academic institutions.

Pes cadore

Farol D as Lagos tas Bairro Da Paz Dala M uleba

NG OLA KILUANJ Sao PedroEDa

Ilha D o C abo

Forno de C al Cacuac o Sede

Barro

Kaw elele Anteiro Mulemba Candua SAMBIZANGA Porto Pes querio Petrangol

ILHA D O CABO

Boa Esperanca Salinas

Imbondeiros Ec ocam po Chapas

Marconi Kik olo Sede Val Saroca Cemiterio EncNguanha ibi Os sos 11 De Novem bre Compao Bandeira Campis Ilha moD a Madeira Cardoso

INGOMBOTA

Boa Vista Roque Santeiro Cardoso Augus to Ngangula Parais o HO SaoJI Joao Y A H ENDA Mabor Santo Antonio ???? Lix eira Combus tiv eis Miramar ZANG Chicala I Mota Bairro Operario BairroSAMBI Cruzeiro Sam bizangaA KIKO LO Sao Pedro Chicala II Ingombota C.T .TAdriano Moreira Zangado CAZE NG A Saneamento Praia De BisMaianga po Sao MARCAL Paulo Marcal Comandante Bula Cazenga Popular KINANG A Rangel Coreia (???) Bairro Azul RAN GE LPrec ol Cazenga M unic ipal Nelito Soares Tungango Catam bor Sam MAIAN ba Pequena GA TE RRA NO V A Calemba da Policia Terra N ova Mulemv os PrendaBairro MilitarBairro Madame Berm a Tala H adi Sagrada Es peranc a Bairro Sujo MartirCass De Kifangondo Cemiterio Nov equel Popular Lourenc o o Cariango Sam ba Grande Anangola PRE NDA Sarm ento R ogrigues Camux iba Cass equel Buraco Anangola ???? SAMBA NEV ES BE NDINH SecAtor 1 TALA HAD I Vila Da Mata Cass enda Sec tor 3 Malanginho Banga We Cass do Imbondeiro CAS SE Q UE L equel Sec tor2 Km 9B Sagrada Es peranc a Rocha Pinto 12B Mulemv os Sec tor 4 Corimba PALANCGrafanil A Golf I

Ceramic a

CAC UA

CAZENGA

RANGEL

9020000

No

MAIANGA

RO CHA PINTerra TO v ermelha Imbondeiro

Sapú

INOR AD Imbondeiro

Bairro do Gamek Vila deMaria Es toril Eugenia Neto Morro Bento I GOe LFE Vitoria Certa 28 de Agosto Morro Bento II Morro Bento I Weji Mac a Vida ESNova TO RIL Kaw elele Cambamba I Futungo de Belas Cambamba I Chimbic ato FU TU NG O Cambamba I Cambamba II Mbondo Chapeu

Muss ulo

Ca

Km 9A 12A Km 14 A

Vila Nov a B A D C E 15 Boa Esperança

1 DeJemba Maio (4 de Abril) Luanda Sul

KILAMBA KIAXI

MUS SULO

Caop C

14B(C ambire)Caop A

Vila de Es toril

Regedoria

Futungo de Belas Camam a Sede

Viana II

Partido

Cidade Univ ersitario

500 cas as Bairro chines

9010000

Nova Esperanca Cabolombo Ngola Kiluanje Chinguar

VIANA SE DE

CAM AMA Bem Vindo

10 de D ez embro Nova Esperanca

SAMBA

Nova Esperanca Tanque Serra

Kik uxi I

Tanque Serra

BENFIC A

VIANA

9000000

KM 32

Cateba

Tanque II

Tanque I

Tanque Serra

Zona A Moxic o

Quenguela N orte

C

Agos tinho N eto

RAM Casa Branc a IRO

Zona A

Mateia II

Faz Sol Calivoto Tanque Serra

Quenguela N orte

Guengue

Tanque Serra

Cass

8990000

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Vitrona

Palm eirinhas

Terra N ova I Tombo

Participatory Monitoring in Angola

Voices of Citizens for Urban Change To influence more inclusive municipal planning processes, and equitable access to improved urban services for the poor by: • promoting community participation in monitoring urban poverty indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals • providing evidence-based information as inputs into municipal plans; • Building an urban poverty network that advocates for equitable access to improved basic services and promote participatory governance; • increase sustainable access basic services by promoting community management models to ensure that consumer voices are heard. SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Geographic Information Systems Remote sensing: Applied GIS tools for collecting urban information, using aerial photographs and satellite images. Participatory Mapping

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Participatory Research • Household surveys made ​by teams comprised of technicians from INOTU, university students and community groups, under the supervision and technical support of DW. • Data on MDGs was validated by interviews with key informants and focus groups in all bairros in Luanda. • Data mapped & put into the public domain. Provided to urban planners, ministries, municipal administrators, community associations.

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Municipal Forums • •



monitoring results are presented to the Municipal Forums & CACs strengthens the capacity of local authorities and civil society to ensure inclusive and participatory local development. demonstrated spaces for consultation between local authorities and civil society on urban issues and promotes municipal democratisation.

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

1980 - 19,42 Km² 1989 - 100,80 Km²

Luanda’s rapid urban growth in war and post-war years

1998 - 253,27 Km² 2000 - 270,05 Km² 2010 – 350,00 Km²

Development Workshop Angola

Poverty Mapping of Luanda - findings

Findings:

Land Tenure

• Most of poor families accumulated savings are tied up in the land they occupy and the house they built or purchase • Rapid development of informal markets for the purchase and renting of land and property • Formal titling is very rare, but levels of perceived tenure security is high • The majority of peri-urban residents acquired their and houses through informal mechanisms and don't have access to mechanisms to regularize their land.

Informal Purchase Informal Land Occupation Informal House Occupation Informal Rent Informal Family Transfer Formal Purchase Formal Family Transfer Other

Land Value Mapping in Luanda 2010

Mapping of Environmental Risk Areas

SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

Mapping of Water Access & Afordability Average Price of Water Bairro [Kz/20L]

Consumer Consumer Spatial Spatial Price Price Coefficients Coefficients Kz/Km/1m3 Kz/Km/1m3 from from Cacuaco Cacuaco

60 55 50 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 No informal market

Cacuaco Cacuaco Sambizanga Sambizanga 8/Km/1m3 Rangel Rangel