• IDENTIFY and EXPLAIN effects of Germanic invasions. • EXPLAIN new ideas about government. • TRACE the spread of ChrisEanity among Germanic peoples. • IDENTIFY Charles Martel’s successes. • DESCRIBE Charlemagne’s empire.
Many Germanic kingdoms that came about aMer the fall of the Roman Empire were reunited under the rule of Charlemagne.
Charlemagne spread ChrisEan civilizaEon through Northern Europe, where it had a permanent impact.
The Middle Ages started aMer the fall of _____? It spanned from _____ to ____? (years) A new society emerges with roots in: 1. Classical heritage of Rome 2. Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) 3. Customs of various Germanic tribes
Invasions Elicit Change in Western Europe When Germanic tribes ousted the last Roman emperor, the once powerful Roman Empire was shaXered into many kingdoms. The cultural, economic and poliEcal landscape was altered. Complete CAUSE/EFFECT worksheet “Effects of the Germanic Invasions” with a partner using the textbook page 353. Answers will be posted on the webpage
Invasions Elicit Change in Western Europe
Cause
Decline in Learning
Effect Chapter 13 SecEon 1
What were the causes and effects of the problems caused by Germanic invasions of the Roman Empire?
Loss of Common Language
Cause
Effect
Popula;on ShiBs
Cause Effect Causes & Effects of the Germanic Invasions
Cause
Disrup;on of Trade
Effect
Cause
Downfall of Ci;es
Effect
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge The borders of the newly created Germanic kingdoms were constantly changing with the fortunes of war from the years 400-‐600. The RCC survives the fall of the the empire and provides much needed order and security to the people during this Eme of poliEcal turmoil. Complete notes worksheet “Germanic Kingdoms Emerge” with a partner using the textbook page 354. Answers will be posted on the webpage
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge What changes came about as power shiAed from the Roman Empire to the Germanic kingdoms?
What unified Rome? Who were the Franks? Who was their leader?
Chapter 13 SecEon 1
How were Germanic peoples different from Romans?
What were the effects of Clovis’s decision to convert to Chris;anity? 1. 2.
POP QUIZ Open Note True or False
Use your 13.1 notes sheet that you worked on yesterday and today. 5 True / False QuesEons. Write down the word TRUE or the word FALSE for each quesEon.
#1 True or False
AMer Germanic invaders overran western Europe, peasants fled the ciEes for rural areas, leaving the rich nobles to rule the ciEes.
#2 True or False
Germanic invaders preserved the knowledge of the Greeks aMer they invaded Europe.
#3 True or False
As German-‐speaking people mixed with the Roman populaEon, new languages began to emerge like French and Spanish.
#4 True or False
Germanic people were governed by a strict set of wriXen laws.
#5 True or False Clovis and the Church had a special partnership. The Church would help fund Clovis’ military campaigns and Clovis would help spread ChrisEanity to those he conquered.
ANSWERS 1. FALSE – the nobles fled to the rural areas leaving the ciEes without strong leadership 2. FALSE – Germanic Invaders could not read/ write. They had their own culture and legends. No wriXen language 3. TRUE 4. FALSE – they could not read/write. They had unwriXen laws and tradiEons. 5. TRUE
IDENTIFY and EXPLAIN effects of Germanic invasions.
Why was Clovis important to the development of the Germanic Kingdoms? ANSWER: With the help of him and other Frankish rulers, ChrisEanity was spread throughout the region. ChrisEanity and the RCC will become a uniEng force in the kingdoms of early Europe.
ADD to: Germanic People Adopt Chris;anity Notes I’m sorry L… I forgot to include this
In 590, Gregory the Great (Gregory I) became Pope. He became more SECULAR and that strengthened the authority of the papacy.
Pope = head of Church in Rome
Secular = worldly
Papacy = Pope’s office
• Extended the power of the pope beyond the spiritual world into the poli;cal world (secular) • Used church revenues ($) to provide public services that the government should supply, but does not. • Public services = build/repair roads, raise army, help poor, negoEate peace treaEes • How did Gregory the Great impact/alter the poli;cal landscape of the Middle Ages? • Extended Christendom as he exerted his “responsibility” • Created “churchly kingdom” ruled by pope
Germanic People Adopt Chris;anity Two ways in which ChrisEanity was spread throughout Western Europe:
Church worked with Frankish rulers
Missionaries religious travelers
Monasteries religious communiEes
How did the Church adapt to rural lifestyle of the people? Monasteries Convents Monks
Nuns
What did monks and nuns do in their monasteries or convents? Monks (men) Nuns (women)
• Gave up private possessions and became servants to God. • Devoted life to good works and prayer
What did monks and nuns do in their monasteries or convents? • Best-‐educated communiEes • Opened schools • Maintained libraries • Copied books
• VIDEO – hXps://www.youtube.com/watch? v=UxtonAUx7P4 – IGNORE that they say “Dark Ages”. Ewwwww
• Who was Venerable Bede and what did he do that is vital for all of us today?
What role did monasteries play during the Middle Ages? ANSWER: Monasteries represented an orderly, religious way of life. They kept learning alive!!! (hooray because we have school now!)
Se#ng the Scene
An Empire Emerges • Small kingdoms all over Europe are ruled by many different people. • The FRANKS controlled the LARGEST and STRONGEST kingdom. – Franks = modern day FRANCE
The Major Domo becomes the Most Powerful Person in the Frankish Kingdom Major Domo = mayor of the palace
OFFICIALLY in charge of:
• Royal households • Royal estates
UNOFFICIALLY in charge of:
• Armies • Making policy • *Ruler of the Kingdom*
Charles Martel • “Charles the Hammer” • More power than the king His successes: • Defeats Muslim raiders – becomes a ChrisEan hero – WHY? • Had the Muslims won, Western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire
• Extends reign (power) N/S/E
Pepin the Short • Charles Martel’s son – remember that he is not king, he just has more power than the king
• Pepin wants to be king. Cooperates with the pope Saves Rome from invasion Pope makes Pepin “King by the Grace of God” Begins Carolingian Dynasty
Carolingian Dynasty Charles Martel
Pepin the Short
Carloman Charles
Lothair Louis the Pious
Charles the Bald Louis the German
751 -‐ 987
Charlemagne Built the greatest empire since Rome • CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT!
Crowned “Roman Emperor” by the Pope. Tomorrow we will study him in depth in staEons.
Background InformaEon:
How did Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? Conquered new lands
Limited power/authority of the nobles (Protec;ng his own power)
Protected his kingdom with frequent border patrols Spread Chris;anity (uni;ng force) and protected the pope He visited every part of his kingdom Closely managed large estates (source of Carolingian wealth and power) Encouraged Learning
Charlemagne's Heirs • Weak/ineffecEve rulers Fought over control Leads to the loss of centralized power FEUDALISM
Cri;cal Thinking 1. In the pain;ng, what do you think the sword and the cross symbolize? – Charlemagne's power came from his military might and the pope, who crowned him emperor
2. How did Charlemagne challenge tradi;onal Germanic government? – He centralized power.
