Characterizing End-of-Life Wind Turbine Blade Materials Justine Beauson Jakob Bech Ilsted Povl Brøndsted Technical University of Denmark Department of Wind Energy Section for Composites and material mechanics
ICCM 19 – Montréal 2013
8/30/2013
Outline End-of-life wind turbine blades Number, location, design, materials and challenges
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Re-processing, characterizing and reusing
The project GenVind Optimal recycling solution for end of life wind turbine blades
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Outline End-of-life wind turbine blades Number, location, design, materials and challenges
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Re-processing, characterizing and reusing
The project GenVind Optimal recycling solution for end of life wind turbine blades
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Technical University of Denmark
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End-of-life wind turbine blades Number: 7711 wind turbines have been installed in Denmark since 1978. 2621 have been decommissioned; Location: onshore and offshore;
Average rotor diameter [m]
Design: specific to companies, evolution with years.
Reference: The Danish Energy Agency (2013) Energinet.dk (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Year of connection to the grid
30 August 2013
End-of-life wind turbine blades Number: 7711 wind turbines have been installed in Denmark since 1978. 2621 have been decommissioned; Location: onshore and offshore. Design: specific to companies, evolution with years. Materials: selected to last 20 years.
Reference: The Danish Energy Agency (2013) Energinet.dk (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
End-of-life wind turbine blades Surface: Gel coat
Bondings: Adhesives
Sandwich structure: • Biax or triax composite • Core material: PVC foam or balsa wood
UD composite: • Resin: polyester, epoxy or vinylester • Fibers: glass, carbon Reference: Povl Brøndsted, Hans Lilholt and Aage Lystrup, Composite Materials For Wind Power Turbine Blades, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 35 (2005) 505-38
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Technical University of Denmark
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Outline End-of-life wind turbine blades Number, location, design, materials and challenges
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Re-processing, characterizing and reusing
The project GenVind Optimal recycling solution for end of life wind turbine blades
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Reference: Green – Ener – Tech (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Reference: Green – Ener – Tech (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Reference: Green – Ener – Tech (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Recycling wind turbine blades means: • to extend the service life of the blade; • to reuse the composite sub-structures in new applications; • to reprocess it in order to extract the fibers and other valuable materials and reuse them in new composites.
Reference: Green – Ener – Tech (2013)
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Dismantling & Transport Re-use
Re-processing 13
Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Reference: Palmer J. Mechanical Recycling of Automotive Composites for Use as Reinforcement in Thermoset Composites (2009) Cunliffe AM, Williams P. Characterisation of products from the recycling of glass fibre. Fuel 82 (2003) 2223–30.
Re-processing 14
Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Reference: Palmer J. Mechanical Recycling of Automotive Composites for Use as Reinforcement in Thermoset Composites (2009) Cunliffe AM, Williams P. Characterisation of products from the recycling of glass fibre. Fuel 82 (2003) 2223–30.
Re-processing 15
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30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades – Blade and section of blade properties: • Spot damages on the blades structures; • Determine impact of overload, fatigue and environmental loads on blades (temperature, UV light, moisture, etc…);
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades – Blade and section of blade properties: • Spot damages on the blades structures; • Determine impact of overload, fatigue and environmental loads on blades (temperature, UV light, moisture, etc…);
–
Composite properties: • Mechanical properties (tensile, compression, shear); • Microstructure characterization.
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Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades – Blade and section of blade properties: • Spot damages on the blades structures; • Determine impact of overload, fatigue and environmental loads on blades (temperature, UV light, moisture, etc…);
–
Composite properties: • Mechanical properties (tensile, compression, shear); • Microstructure characterization.
– Composite residues properties: • Shredded composite (dimensions, adhesion with new resin); • Recovered glass fiber fabrics and glass fibers
(determine impact of recovery process on fiber: single fiber tensile strength, study the adhesion with new resin, study the impact of re-sizing)
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Dismantling & Transport Re-use
Re-processing 19
Technical University of Denmark
30 August 2013
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Re-use
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Technical University of Denmark
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Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades
Re-use
Reference: Wigh Design (2013) 2012Architecten (2012)
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Outline End-of-life wind turbine blades Number, location, design, materials and challenges
Recycling end-of-life wind turbine blades Re-processing, characterizing and reusing
The project GenVind Optimal recycling solution for end of life wind turbine blades
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Technical University of Denmark
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To find an optimal recycling solution for end of life wind turbine blades
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Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 24
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Optimization of existing recovery processes; Pilot scale study; 26
Technical University of Denmark
Implementation of the technology to reprocess composite.
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Characterization of the recovered materials; Reuse of the recovered materials; Demonstration products.
Optimization of existing recovery processes; Pilot scale study; 27
Technical University of Denmark
Implementation of the technology to reprocess composite.
30 August 2013
Characterization of the recovered materials; Reuse of the recovered materials; Demonstration products.
LCA on potential recycling scenarios
Optimization of existing recovery processes; Pilot scale study; 28
Technical University of Denmark
Implementation of the technology to reprocess composite.
30 August 2013
Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 29
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Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 30
Technical University of Denmark
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Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 31
Technical University of Denmark
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Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 32
Technical University of Denmark
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Re-use
Dismantling & Transport
Re-processing 33
Technical University of Denmark
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GenVind consortium has been supported by the Danish Council for Technology and Innovation under the Ministry of Education
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
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