AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Chapter 43: The Immune System

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Chapter 43: The Immune System Our students consider this chapter to be a particularly challenging and important one. Expect to work your way slowly through the first three concepts. Take particular care with Concepts 43.2 and 43.3. It is rewarding, however, in Concept 43.4 to put your new knowledge to work and truly understand the devastation caused by the destruction of helper T cells by HIV. Overview: The immune responses of animals can be divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. As an overview, complete this figure indicating the divisions of both innate and acquired immunity.

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Concept 43.1 In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on shared traits of pathogens 1.

We first encountered phagocytosis in Concept 7.5, but it plays an important role in the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Review the process by briefly explaining the six steps to ingestion and destruction of a microbe by a phagocytic cell. r afit~o~e

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AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw 2.

Chapter 43: The Immune System

Explain the role of the Toll receptor in producing antimicrobial peptides. noe loUs lo aetb -{o .S' '`tz"_.s"! S 01r

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List the three innate defenses vertebrates share with invertebrates and the two defenses unique to vertebrates.

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In the chart below, explain the role of the four phagocytic cells.

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AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw 7.

Chapter 43: The Immune System

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AP Biology Reading Guide Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Chapter 43: The Immune System

10. What role do natural killer cells play in the immune system? Gt

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11. It might seem like pathogens have little hope of mounting an infection, but do not forget that pathogens are constantly evolving ways to circumvent our immune system. As examples, how do the pathogens that cause pneumonia and tuberculosis avoid our immune responses? v +e'r ea P's f"#

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Concept 43.2 In acquired immunity, lymphocyte receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition 12. From the first four paragraphs of this concept, summarize where T cells and B cells develop, and give an overview of their functions. (Note that they are a type of white blood cell known as a lymphocyte.) I-i k-t a,(.0 I Io o d c P,Gt'~ t ~

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14. Explain how cytokines help coordinate the innate and acquired immune responses. 3 /

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15. The following brief questions will serve as a primer for immune system recognition. a. What is an antigen? q subst~. ce

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