Which of the following correctly describes the particles in a dilute solution of glucose molecules in water at room temperature? water molecules close together and moving randomly widely separated and moving randomly close together and not moving close together and moving randomly
A B C D
glucose molecules widely separated and moving randomly widely separated and not moving widely separated and moving randomly close together and moving randomly
2 Which diagram best shows the arrangement of particles in a balloon filled with a mixture of argon and helium gases? A
key:
B
= argon particle
C
D
= helium particle
3 Which change can involve melting and boiling?
Water A
B C
Steam
Ice D
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4
The melting and boiling points of four substances are given in the table. Which substance is a liquid at room conditions and will evaporates very quickly if left exposed to the air? substance A B C D
5
melting point / oC -95 -1 -18 35
boiling point / oC -14 285 42 187
A gas jar full of oxygen was placed over a gas jar full of bromine vapour. After some days, the colour of the gas in both jars became the same.
oxygen
gas jars
bromine vapour
Which statement correctly explains this change? A B C D
Bromine molecules move more quickly than oxygen molecules. Oxygen and bromine vapour have the same density. Bromine and oxygen molecules diffuse at the same rate. Oxygen and bromine molecules move randomly.
6 Cooking smells can spread to all the rooms of a house. By which process does this happen? A condensation
B diffusion
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C distillation
D oxidation
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7
The diagrams show the arrangements of molecules in a substance at 1 atmospheric pressure but at -85oC and at -65oC. -85oC
-65oC
Which substance could the diagrams represent?
A B C D
melting point / oC -105 -102 -84 -66
boiling point / oC -50 -70 -51 -42
8 In which change is heat energy given out and a big change in volume? A condensation C boiling
9
B freezing D melting
A compound X has a melting point of -60oC and a boiling point of 14oC. At which temperature is X a liquid? A
-75
B
-50
-25
C
0 temperature / oC
25
D
50
75
10 Under what conditions will a substance have the most energy? A As a solid C While it is boiling
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B While it is melting D As a gas
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11 Which graph is correct when a sample of steam is allowed to cool from 120oC to -20oC? A
B
Temperature
C
Temperature
Time
D
Temperature
Time
Temperature
Time
Time
12 The graph gives the melting points of mixtures of the metals cadmium and bismuth. 350
350
melting point / oC 300
m.p. of pure cadmium
300
m.p. of pure bismuth
250
250
200
200
0
50 % of cadmium in the mixture
100
What statement is true about the melting point of any mixture of cadmium and bismuth? A B C D
It must be above that of bismuth. It must be below that of cadmium. It must be below that of both cadmium and bismuth. It must be between that of cadmium and bismuth.
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Paper 2
[Structured Questions]
1 (a) Diagram A shows the arrangement of particles in a solid.
diagram A
diagram B
(i) Describe how the particles of a solid move. ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (ii) State how this movement changes as the temperature is increased. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (iii) State how this movement changes as a solid melts. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (iv) Complete diagram B to show the arrangement of particles in a liquid. [4] (b) 1 g of liquid water and 1 g of steam contain the same number of molecules. Explain why the volume of the steam is much greater than that of the water. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [1]
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2 The melting and boiling points of six substances, A - F, are given in the table. Substance
Melting point / oC
A
44
Boiling point / o C 76
B
-30
69
C
-101
-35
D
12
53
E
-11
12
F
98
890
physical state at 25oC
gas
solid
(a) Complete the table.
[4]
(b) Write the letter of the substance whose particles have the most movement at 10oC. ................................... [1] (c) What change happens to the arrangement and movement of the particles of substance B when it is cooled from 80oC to 20oC? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2]
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3 A student set up two arrangements of apparatus and chemicals. In Arrangement I, a gas jar full of oxygen was placed on top of a gas jar full of brown bromine vapour, as shown in the diagram. In Arrangement II, a gas jar full of oxygen was placed on top of a gas jar full of brown nitrogen dioxide, as shown in the diagram.
oxygen
oxygen
glass disc
glass disc
bromine vapour
nitrogen dioxide gas
Arrangement I
Arrangement II
The glass discs were then removed from both arrangements. (a) (i) What was seen in Arrangement I when the glass disc was removed? ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................ (ii) Explain this change. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [3] (b) The same change was observed in Arrangement II, except that the rate of change was faster. What deduction can be made about the molecules of nitrogen dioxide from this fact? .......................................................................................................................…. [1]
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4 Substance Z melts at 850oC and boils at 1070oC The diagram shows how atoms (particles) are arranged in substance Z at 860oC.
(a) Sketch similar diagrams to show how the particles of Z would be arranged at (ii) 1090oC (i) 840oC
840oC
1090oC
[2] (b) At which temperature would the arrangement of particles you drew at 1090 C change into the arrangement shown at 860oC? o
.................................................................................................................................. [1] 5 (a) What is meant by the term diffusion? Answer the question by referring to the movement of particles. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) The diagram below shows apparatus for measuring the rate of diffusion of gases through a small hole. small hole
gas
graduated tube
water
The times taken for 100 cm3 of some gases to diffuse through the small hole in this apparatus, at room conditions, are given in the table. name of gas argon carbon monoxide carbon dioxide methane nitrogen
time for diffusion of 100 cm3 of gas / s 127 106 133 80 106
(i) Which gas has the greatest rate of diffusion? ..................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) Which gas has the smallest rate of diffusion? ..................................................................................................................... [1]
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(iii)What deduction can be about the nature of the molecules of carbon monoxide and nitrogen from the times given in the table? ...................................................................................................................... [1] (iv) Some properties of the ammonia are given in the table below. property melting point boiling point density compared with air solubility in water
-78oC -33oC lighter than air very soluble
Suggest why the apparatus would be unsuitable for finding the rate of diffusion of ammonia. .......................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... [1]