Chapter 20 Heart Lecture Outline

Chapter 20 Heart Lecture Outline Cardiovascular system Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit Arteries Veins Capillaries Heart anatomy Pericardium Pericar...
Author: Leon Crawford
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Chapter 20 Heart Lecture Outline Cardiovascular system Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit Arteries Veins Capillaries Heart anatomy Pericardium Pericardial fluid Pericarditis Cardiac tamponade Chambers Atria Pectinate muscles Auricles Interatrial septum Ventricles Trabeculae carneae Interventricular septum Sulci Coronary sulcus Anterior interventricular sulcus Posterior interventricular sulcus Heart wall Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium Cardiac muscle tissue Cardiocytes Intercalated discs Fibrous skeleton Heart valves Atrioventricular valves Tricuspid valve Bicuspid / Mitral valve Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Semilunar valves Valvular heart disease Rheumaic fever Heart murmur Mitral valve prolapse Congestive heart failure Blood flow through the heart Superior & Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid vlave Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary artieries Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Aorta Fetal heart Foramen ovale Fossa ovalis Ductus arteriosus Ligamentum arteriosum Cyanosis Coronary circulation Coronary artieries Cardiac veins Coronary artery disease Ischemia Myocardial infarction Angina pectoralis Bypass surgery Heartbeat Autorhythmic Cardiac conduction system Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node Conducting cells AV bundle Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Sinus rhythm Beat events: 1. SA node → atria 2. atria → AV node 3. delay, atrial contraction 4. AV node → AV bundle → Perkinje fibers 5. Perkinje fibers → ventricle 6. ventricular contraction Bradycardia Tachycardia Electrocariogram P-wave QRS complex T-wave Heart block Cardiac arrhythmias Fibrillation Cardiac cycle Systole Diastole Phases: 1. atrial systole 2. atrial diastole 3. 1st ventricular systole 4. 2nd ventricular systole 5. early ventricular distole 6. late ventricular diastole 1

SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout

Heart sounds S1 S2 Cardiac output CO = HR X SV Heart rate effectors: 1. Autonomic innervation Cardiac centers Cardioacceleratory center sympathetic: NE Cardioinhibitory center parasympathetic: Ach 2. Hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Thyroxine Beta blockers 3. Other Caffeine Nicotine Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Temperature

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SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout

Blood Flow Through The Heart Superior Vena Cava (head, neck, upper limbs, chest)

Right Atrium

Inferior Vena Cava (trunk, viscera, lower limbs)

Right Atrioventricular Valve a.k.a. Tricuspid Valve

Right side = Pulmonary Circuit

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Pulmonary Trunk Left Pulmonary Arteries

Right Pulmonary Arteries

Left Lung

Right Lung

Left Pulmonary Veins

Right Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Left Atrioventricular Valve a.k.a. Bicuspid Valve a.k.a. Mitral Valve Left Ventricle

Left side = Systemic Circuit

Aortic Semilunar Valve Ascending Aorta Aortic Arch

Left Common Carotid Artery Left Subclavian Artery Descending Aorta (trunk, viscera, lower limbs)

(head, neck shoulders, upper limbs) Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

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SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout

Czura Fall 2005

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Electrical Conduction and Contraction 1. An action potential is generated at the SA node 2. It spreads across the atrial surface and reaches the AV node 3. Atrial contraction begins during a 100ms delay at the AV node 4. The impulse then travels down the interventricular septum from the AV node by way of the AV bundle, heading toward the Perkinje fibers 5. The Perkinje fibers signal the papillary muscles to contract, and then distribute the impulse to the ventricular myocardium. Atrial contraction is now complete and ventricular contraction begins. 6. Ventricular contraction is completed. Total time = ~370ms

Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

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SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout

Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

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SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout

T-wave = ventricle repolarization ~160ms

QRS complex = atrial repolarization and ventricle depolarization ~80ms

P-wave = depolarization wave from SA node through atria ~80ms

EKG events:

Cardiac Cycle Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

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SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Handout