Chapter 11 Urology
Chapter 11 Assignments 1.
Read Chapter 11, “Urology” in the text “Medical Language: Immerse Yourself.
2.
Complete ONLY the textbook exercises listed below by the due date for 5 points toward your grade. (The other exercises do NOT need to be completed). Chapter exercises will be checked on the due dates on the class Schedule. Homework turned in after the due date will receive 50% credit. Textbook Exercises – Complete ONLY the following: Vocabulary Review Labeling, p 560-1 Building Medical Words Combining Forms, p 561-2 Combining Form and Suffix, p 562 Building Medical Words Combining Forms, p 588-9 Related Combining Forms, p 589 Combining Form and Suffix, p 589 Prefix, p 590 Multiple Combining Forms and Suffix, p 590-1 Abbreviations Define and Match, p 591
1. Pearson MyMedicalTerminologyLab Website Assignments
Each of these exercises must be completed to 90% or greater to get credit for the activities. repeat online activities as many times as necessary in order to obtain 90%.
You may
You are allowed to consult your textbook and medical dictionary for homework assignments. Each chapter must be completed by the due date for full credit (5 points for required activities and 2 points for extra credit). “Save and Exit” must be clicked before leaving each activity to be added to the Gradebook. View your grades in the Gradebook on the MyMedicalTerminologyLab Course Home page. Required online activities at: MyMedicalTerminologyLab:
“Matching” “Word Surgery” See directions in Chapter 1 Assignments / Word List “Spelling Challenge” Optional (extra credit) “Popping Words”
Chapter 11 Study Guide: 1. 2.
Review all previous word lists and study guides as we move ahead through the remaining course. You may find questions on a test from a previous chapter. You will need to know all of these terms from memory. The midterm and final exam are “closed book” exams. Learn the combining forms, prefixes, suffixes and any additional medical terms from the Word List below. Recognize, pronounce, build, and correctly spell medical terms related to the above system.
Chapter 11 Word List Combining Forms Combining Form acid/o‐ absorpt/o‐ albumin/o‐ alges/o‐ alkal/o‐ ambulat/o‐ angi/o‐ arteri/o‐ bacteri/o‐ bi/o‐ blast/o‐ calcul/o‐ calic/o‐ cali/o‐ cancer/o‐ carcin/o‐ catheter/o‐ chron/o‐ col/o‐ congenit/o‐ contin/o‐ corpor/o‐ cortic/o‐ cutane/o‐ cyst/o‐ dist/o‐ electr/o‐ enur/o‐ erythr/o‐ excret/o‐ filtrat/o‐ filtr/o‐ genit/o‐ gen/o‐ glomerul/o‐ glycos/o‐ hemat/o‐ hem/o‐ hil/o‐ hyal/o‐ hydr/o‐ infect/o‐ interstiti/o‐ kal/i‐
Medical Meaning acid (low pH) absorb; take in albumin sensation of pain base (high pH) walking blood vessel; lymphatic vessel artery bacterium life; living organisms; living tissue immature; embryonic stone calix calix cancer cancer catheter time colon present at birth hold together body cortex (outer region) skin bladder; fluid‐filled sac; semisolid cyst away from the center or point of origin electricity to urinate red removing from the body filtering; straining filter genitalia arising from; produced by glomerulus glucose (sugar) blood blood hilum (indentation in an organ) clear, glass‐like substance water; fluid disease within spaces within tissue potassium
Combining Form keton/o‐ leuk/o‐ lith/o‐ log/o‐ metr/o‐ micturi/o‐ mucos/o‐ necr/o‐ nephr/o‐ neur/o‐ noct/o‐ olig/o‐ pelv/o‐ pen/o‐ peritone/o‐ prostat/o‐ protein/o‐ proxim/o‐ pyel/o‐ pub/o‐ py/o‐ radi/o‐ radic/o‐ refract/o‐ ren/o‐ resect/o‐ retent/o‐ scler/o‐ sensitiv/o‐ son/o‐ spad/o‐ spasmod/o‐ suspens/o‐ tom/o‐ tox/o‐ transplant/o‐ tub/o‐ tubul/o‐ ureter/o‐ urethr/o‐ urin/o‐ ur/o‐ vagin/o‐ ven/o‐ vesic/o‐
Medical Meaning ketones white stone word; the study of measurement; uterus (womb) making urine mucous membrane dead cells; tissue, or body kidney; nephron nerve night scanty; few pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis) penis peritoneum prostate gland protein near the center or point of origin renal pelvis pubis (hip bone) pus radius (forearm bone); x‐rays; radiation all parts including the root bend; deflect kidney to cut out; remove keep; hold back hard; sclera (white of the eye) affected by; sensitive to sound tear; opening spasm hanging cut; slice; layer poison move something to another place tube tube; small tube ureter urethra urine; urinary system urine; urinary system vagina vein bladder; fluid‐filled sac (adjective form)
Medical Meaning pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to pertaining to composed of; pertaining to a process; being or having hernia
Suffix ‐itis ‐ity ‐ization ‐lysis ‐lyte ‐meter ‐metry
Medical Meaning inflammation of; infection of state; condition process of making, creating or inserting process of breaking down or destroying dissolved substance instrument used to measure process of measuring
Suffixes Suffix ‐al ‐an ‐ar ‐ary ‐ate ‐ation ‐cele
‐cyte ‐eal ‐ectasis ‐ectomy ‐emia ‐ence ‐esis ‐etic ‐grade ‐gram ‐graphy ‐ia ‐ias ‐iasis ‐ic ‐ile ‐in ‐ine ‐ion ‐ist
cell pertaining to condition of dilation surgical excision condition of the blood; substance in the blood state of a process pertaining to pertaining to going a record or picture process of recording condition; state; thing condition state of; process of pertaining to pertaining to a substance thing pertaining to action; condition one who specializes in
‐oma ‐opsy ‐ory ‐osis ‐ous ‐pathy ‐pexy ‐plasty ‐poietin ‐ptosis ‐scope ‐scopy ‐stalsis ‐tic ‐tion ‐tomy ‐tripsy ‐triptor ‐ule
tumor; mass process of viewing having the function of condition; abnormal condition; process pertaining to disease; suffering process of surgically fixing in place process of reshaping by surgery a substance that forms state of prolapsed; drooping; falling instrument used to examine process of using an instrument to examine process of contraction pertaining to a process; being or having process of cutting or making an incision process of crushing thing that crushes small thing
Medical Meaning without; not against complete; completely through painful; difficult; abnormal upon; above outside of below; deficient in; within; not within
Prefix per‐ peri‐ poly‐ re‐ retro‐ supra‐ trans‐ ultra‐
Medical Meaning through; throughout around many; much again and again; backward; unable to behind; backward above across; through beyond; higher
Prefixes Prefix an‐ anti‐ dia‐ dys‐ epi‐ extra‐ hypo‐ in‐ intra‐
Additional Medical Terms (know the highlighted terms) Term acute ascites bladder calculus (pl. calculi) caliber calyx (pl. calices) catheter condom convoluted cortex (pl. cortices) creatinine donor esterase fistula flank Foley catheter fundus glomerulus (pl. glomeruli) glucose hilum (pl. hila)
Medical Meaning having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course a grossly enlarged, fluid‐distended abdomen an abnormal concretion in the body, usually formed of mineral salts and most commonly found in the gallbladder, kidney, or urinary bladder; (also “stone”) the diameter of the inside of a round cylinder, such as a tube areas in the kidney that serve to drain urine a flexible tube a sheath commonly of rubber worn over the penis (as to prevent conception or venereal infection during sexual activity) rolled or wound together with one part upon another an area of the kidney just beneath the outer capsule of fibrous connective tissue a waste product of the body from muscle contractions one used as a source of biological material (as blood or an organ) an enzyme that accelerates the hydrolysis or synthesis of esters an abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the body surface, or from one organ to another the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip an indwelling tube that drains urine continuously from the bladder the rounded top of the bladder (Latin for “the part farthest away from the opening”) a network of intertwining capillaries within the kidney (Latin for “ball of yarn”) the presence of glucose in urine indicates uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, with excess glucose in the blood “spilling” over into the urine. an area of indentation on the medial surface of the kidney
hydroureter ketones kidney meatus medulla (pl. medullae) musosa nephron nephron loop occult orifice parenchyma penis pH postvoid prostate protein renal pelvis (pl. pelves) rugae (sing. ruga) sphincter turbid urea ureter urethra uric acid urinalysis Wilms’ tumor
an enlargement of the ureter from obstructed urine presence found in urine indicate the body is metabolizing fat instead of glucose (seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, or in marathon runners) either of a pair of bean‐shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands. a natural body passage, (Latin for “a passage”) an area of the kidney beneath the renal cortex a mucous membrane lining the bladder a microscopic structure in the kidney; the site of urine production (formerly loop of Henle) a u‐shaped tubule at the proximal end of the convoluted tubule hidden an opening through which something may pass the functional or working area of any organ the male organ of copulation and of urinary excretion a test of how acidic or alkaline the urine is after urination a spherical gland at the base of the bladder in men presence of protein in the urine indicates damage to the glomerulus a large, funnel‐shaped cavity in the kidney that narrows to become the ureter folds in the mucosa of the bladder when it is empty (Latin for “wrinkle”) muscle that normally maintains constriction of a body passage or orifice and that relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning cloudy or milky (in urine indicates white blood cells and a urinary tract infection) a waste product of the body from protein metabolism a 12‐inch tube that connects the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body a waste product of the body from prurine metabolism. It is removed from the blood by the kidneys a test to determine the characteristics of the urine and detect substances in it a cancer of the kidney that occurs in children from residual embryonic or fetal tissue (also nephroblastoma)
Abbreviations (know the highlighted abbreviations) Abbreviation ARF BUN CAPD cath cc CCPD CRF C&S cysto epi ESWL ESRD GU Hpf
Medical Meaning acute renal failure blood urea nitrogen continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheterize or catheterization (slang) cubic centimeter (measure of volume) continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis chronic renal failure culture and sensitivity cystoscopy (slang) epithelial cells (in the urine specimen ‐ slang) extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy end‐stage renal disease genitourinary or gonococcal urethritis high‐power field
Abbreviation I&O IVP K, K+ KUB mL pH RBC SG, sp gr TNTC TURBT UA UTI VMA WBC
Medical Meaning intake and output intravenous pyelography potassium kidneys, ureters, bladder milliliter (measure of volume) potential of hydrogen (acidity or alkalinity) red blood cell specific gravity too numerous to count transurethral resection of bladder tumor urinalysis urinary tract infection vanillylmandelic acid white blood cell
CHAPTER 11 Pronunciation Checklist
Read each word and its pronunciation. Practice pronouncing each word. Pronunciation help can be found at: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/resources/pronunciations/index/a.html or http://dictionary.reference.com/
❏ acidic (ah‐SID‐ik) ❏ acute renal failure (ah‐KYOOT REE‐nal FAYL‐yoor) ❏ acute tubular necrosis (ah‐KYOOT TOO‐byoo‐lar neh‐KROH‐sis) ❏ albuminuria (AL‐byoo‐mih‐NYOO‐ree‐ah)
❏ alkaline (AL‐kah‐line) ❏ ambulatory (AM‐byoo‐lah‐TOR‐ee) ❏ analgesic drug (AN‐al‐JEE‐zik DRUHG) ❏ antibiotic drug (AN‐tee‐by‐AWT‐ik DRUHG) (AN‐tih‐by‐AWT‐ik)
❏ antispasmodic drug (AN‐tee‐spaz‐MAWD‐ik DRUHG) ❏ anuria (an‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ ascites (ah‐SY‐teez) ❏ bacteriuria (BAK‐teer‐ee‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ biopsy (BY‐awp‐see) ❏ bladder (BLAD‐er) ❏ bladder neck suspension (BLAD‐er NEK sus‐PEN‐shun) ❏ calculogenesis (KAL‐kyoo‐loh‐JEN‐eh‐sis) ❏ calculus (KAL‐kyoo‐lus) ❏ caliceal (KAL‐ih‐SEE‐al) ❏ calices (KAL‐ih‐seez) ❏ caliectasis (KAY‐lee‐EK‐tah‐sis) ❏ calix (KAY‐liks) ❏ cancerous (KAN‐ser‐us) ❏ carcinoma (KAR‐sih‐NOH‐mah) ❏ catheter (KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ catheterization (KATH‐eh‐ter‐ih‐ZAY‐shun) ❏ chronic renal failure (KRAWN‐ic REE‐nal FAYL‐yoor) ❏ condom catheter (CON‐dom KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ congenital (con‐JEN‐ih‐tal) ❏ cortex (KOR‐teks) ❏ cortical (KOR‐tih‐kal) ❏ cortices (KOR‐tih‐seez) ❏ creatinine (kree‐AT‐ih‐neen) ❏ culture and sensitivity (KUL‐chur and SEN‐sih‐TIV‐ih‐tee) ❏ cystectomy (sis‐TEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ cystitis (sis‐TY‐tis) ❏ cystocele (SIS‐toh‐seel) ❏ cystometer (sis‐TAWM‐eh‐ter) ❏ cystometrogram (SIS‐toh‐MET‐roh‐gram) ❏ cystometry (sis‐TAWM‐eh‐tree) ❏ cystoscope (SIS‐toh‐skohp) ❏ cystoscopy (sis‐TAWS‐koh‐pee) ❏ diabetic nephropathy (DY‐ah‐BET‐ik neh‐FRAWP‐ah‐thee) ❏ dialysate (dy‐AL‐ih‐sayt) ❏ dialysis (dy‐AL‐ih‐sis) ❏ distal convoluted tubule (DIS‐tal CON‐voh‐LOO‐ted TOO‐byool) ❏ diuretic drug (DY‐yoo‐RET‐ik DRUHG) ❏ dysuria (dis‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ electrolyte (ee‐LEK‐troh‐lite) ❏ enuresis (EN‐yoo‐REE‐sis) ❏ epispadias (EP‐ih‐SPAY‐dee‐as) ❏ erythropoietin (eh‐RITH‐roh‐POY‐eh‐tin) ❏ excretory system (EKS‐kree‐TOR‐ee SIS‐tem) ❏ excretory urogram (EKS‐kree‐TOR‐ee YOO‐roh‐gram) ❏ excretory urography (EKS‐kree‐TOR‐ee yoo‐RAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ extracorporeal lithotripsy (EKS‐trah‐kohr‐POH‐ree‐al LITH‐oh‐ TRIP‐see)
❏ filtrate (FIL‐trayt) ❏ filtration (fil‐TRAY‐shun) ❏ Foley catheter (FOH‐lee KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ fundus (FUN‐dus) ❏ genitourinary system (JEN‐ih‐toh‐YOO‐rih‐NAIR‐ee SIS‐tem) ❏ glomerular (gloh‐MAIR‐yoo‐lar) ❏ glomeruli (gloh‐MAIR‐yoo‐lie) ❏ glomerulonephritis (gloh‐MAIR‐yoo‐loh‐neh‐FRY‐tis) ❏ glomerulosclerosis (gloh‐MAIR‐yoo‐ loh‐skleh‐ROH‐sis) ❏ glomerulus (gloh‐MAIR‐yoo‐lus) ❏ glucose (GLOO‐kohs) ❏ glycosuria (GLY‐kohs‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ hematuria (HEE‐mah‐TYOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ hemodialysis (HEE‐moh‐dy‐AL‐ih‐sis) ❏ hila (HY‐lah) ❏ hilar (HY‐lar) ❏ hilum (HY‐lum) ❏ hyaline cast (HY‐ah‐lin KAST) ❏ hydronephrosis (HY‐droh‐neh‐FROH‐sis) ❏ hydroureter (HY‐droh‐YOO‐ree‐ter) ❏ hypokalemia (HY‐poh‐kay‐LEE‐mee‐ah) ❏ hypospadias (HY‐poh‐SPAY‐dee‐as) ❏ incontinence (in‐CON‐tih‐nens) ❏ interstitial cystitis (IN‐ter‐STISH‐al sis‐TY‐tis) ❏ intravenous pyelogram (IN‐trah‐VEE‐nus PY‐eh‐loh‐GRAM) ❏ intravenous pyelography (IN‐trah‐VEE‐nus PY‐eh‐LAWG‐rah‐ fee) ❏ intravesical (IN‐trah‐VES‐ih‐kal) ❏ ketones (KEE‐tohnz) ❏ ketonuria (KEE‐toh‐NYOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ kidney (KID‐nee) ❏ kidney donor (KID‐nee DOH‐nor) ❏ kidney transplantation (KID‐nee TRANS‐plan‐TAY‐shun) ❏ leukocyte (LOO‐koh‐site) ❏ leukocyte esterase (LOO‐koh‐site ES‐ter‐ace) ❏ lithogenesis (LITH‐oh‐JEN‐eh‐sis) ❏ lithotripsy (LITH‐oh‐TRIP‐see) ❏ lithotriptor (LITH‐oh‐TRIP‐tor) ❏ meatus (mee‐AA‐tus) ❏ medulla (meh‐DOOL‐ah) ❏ medullae (meh‐DOOL‐ee) ❏ microscopic hematuria (MY‐kroh‐SKAWP‐ik HEE‐mah‐TYOO‐ ree‐ah) ❏ micturition (MIK‐choo‐RISH‐un) ❏ mucosa (myoo‐KOH‐sah) ❏ mucosal (myoo‐KOH‐sal) ❏ nephrectomy (neh‐FREK‐toh‐mee) ❏ nephritis (neh‐FRY‐tis)
❏ nephroblastoma (NEF‐roh‐blas‐TOH‐mah) ❏ nephrolithiasis (NEF‐roh‐lih‐THY‐ah‐sis) ❏ nephrolithotomy (NEF‐roh‐lih‐THAW‐toh‐mee) ❏ nephrologist (neh‐FRAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ nephron (NEF‐rawn) ❏ nephropathy (neh‐FRAWP‐ah‐thee) ❏ nephropexy (NEF‐roh‐PEK‐see) ❏ nephroptosis (NEF‐rawp‐TOH‐sis) ❏ nephrotic syndrome (nef‐RAWT‐ik SIN‐drohm) ❏ nephrotomography (NEF‐roh‐toh‐MAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ nephrotoxic (NEF‐roh‐TAWK‐sik) ❏ neurogenic bladder (NYOOR‐oh‐JEN‐ik BLAD‐er) ❏ nocturia (nawk‐TYOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ occult blood (oh‐KULT blud) ❏ oliguria (OL‐ih‐GYOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ parenchyma (pah‐RENG‐kih‐mah) ❏ penile (PEE‐nile) ❏ penis (PEE‐nis) ❏ percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PER‐kyoo‐TAY‐nee‐us NEF‐ roh‐lih‐THAW‐toh‐mee) ❏ percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy (PER‐kyoo‐TAY‐nee‐us UL‐ trah‐SAWN‐ik LITH‐oh‐TRIP‐see) ❏ peristalsis (PAIR‐ih‐STAL‐sis) ❏ peritoneal dialysis (PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐al dy‐AL‐ih‐sis) ❏ pH (pee‐H) ❏ polycystic kidney disease (PAWL‐ee‐SIS‐tik KID‐nee dih‐ZEEZ) ❏ polyuria (PAWL‐ee‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ postvoid residual (POST‐voyd ree‐ZID‐yoo‐al) ❏ prostate gland (PRAWS‐tayt GLAND) ❏ prostatic (praws‐TAT‐ik) ❏ proteinuria (PROH‐tee‐NYOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ proximal convoluted tubule (PRAWK‐sih‐mal CON‐voh‐LOO‐ted TOO‐byool) ❏ pyelonephritis (PY‐eh‐loh‐neh‐FRY‐tis) ❏ pyuria (py‐YOO‐ree‐ah) ❏ radiation cystitis (RAY‐dee‐AA‐shun sis‐TY‐tis) ❏ radical cystectomy (RAD‐ih‐kal sis‐TEK‐toh‐mee) ❏ reabsorption (REE‐ab‐SORP‐shun) ❏ refractometer (REE‐frak‐TAWM‐eh‐ter) ❏ renal (REE‐nal) ❏ renal angiogram (REE‐nal AN‐jee‐oh‐GRAM) ❏ renal angiography (REE‐nal AN‐jee‐AWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ renal arteriogram (REE‐nal ar‐TEER‐ee‐oh‐GRAM) ❏ renal arteriography (REE‐nal ar‐TEER‐ee‐AWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ renal capsule (REE‐nal KAP‐sool) ❏ renal colic (REE‐nal KAWL‐ik) ❏ renal cortex (REE‐nal KOR‐teks) ❏ renal pelves (REE‐nal PEL‐veez)
❏ renal pelvis (REE‐nal PEL‐vis) ❏ renal pyramid (REE‐nal PEER‐ah‐mid) ❏ renin (REE‐nin) ❏ resectoscope (ree‐SEK‐toh‐skohp) ❏ retrograde pyelography (RET‐roh‐grayd PY‐eh‐LAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ retroperitoneal (REH‐troh‐PAIR‐ih‐toh‐NEE‐al) ❏ rugae (ROO‐gee) ❏ sonogram (SAWN‐oh‐gram) ❏ sphincter (SFINGK‐ter) ❏ suprapubic catheter (SOO‐prah‐PYOO‐bik KATH‐eh‐ter) ❏ transurethral resection (TRANS‐yoo‐REE‐thral ree‐SEK‐shun) ❏ tubular (TOO‐byoo‐lar) ❏ tubule (TOO‐byool) ❏ turbid urine (TUR‐bid YOO‐rin) ❏ ultrasonography (UL‐trah‐soh‐NAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ urea (yoo‐REE‐ah) ❏ uremia (yoo‐REE‐mee‐ah) ❏ uremic (yoo‐REE‐mik) ❏ ureter (YOO‐ree‐ter) (yoo‐REE‐ter) ❏ ureteral (yoo‐REE‐teh‐ral) ❏ ureteral orifice (yoo‐REE‐teh‐ral OR‐ih‐fis) ❏ urethra (yoo‐REE‐thrah) ❏ urethral (yoo‐REE‐thrawl) ❏ urethritis (YOO‐ree‐THRY‐tis) ❏ uric acid (YOO‐rik AS‐id) ❏ urinalysis (YOO‐rih‐NAL‐ih‐sis) ❏ urinary retention (YOO‐rih‐NAIR‐ee ree‐TEN‐shun) ❏ urinary system (YOO‐rih‐NAIR‐ee SIS‐tem) ❏ urinary tract infection (YOO‐rih‐NAIR‐ee TRAKT in‐FEK‐shun) ❏ urination (YOO‐rih‐NAY‐shun) ❏ urine (YOO‐rin) ❏ urinometer (YOO‐rih‐NAWM‐eh‐ter) ❏ urogenital system (YOO‐roh‐JEN‐ih‐tal SIS‐tem) ❏ urologist (yoo‐RAWL‐oh‐jist) ❏ urology (yoo‐RAWL‐oh‐jee) ❏ vesical (VES‐ih‐kal) ❏ vesicocele (VES‐ih‐koh‐SEEL) ❏ vesicovaginal fistula (VES‐ih‐koh‐VAJ‐ih‐nal FIS‐tyoo‐lah) ❏ void (VOYD) ❏ voiding cystourethrogram (VOY‐ding SIS‐toh‐yoo‐REE‐throh‐ gram) ❏ voiding cystourethrography (VOY‐ding SIS‐toh‐YOO‐ree‐ THRAWG‐rah‐fee) ❏ Wilms’ tumor (WILMZ TOO‐mor)
