Chapter 1: The Microbial World & You
Oral bacteria Note shapes & sizes
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Objectives
Chapter 1 Micro: The Microbial World & You Reading: 1.
Chapter 1
2.
White book, 7th edition: p.35, 410-435, 477-478. Info on diseases if needed: 619620, 697, 586, 641, 538 – 543, 728-731, 706-707
3.
Black book, 8th edition: p. 34, 413-415, 483-484. Info on diseases if needed: 635, 707, 597, 660, 548-554, 750-752, 727-728
Objectives 1.
List several ways in which microbes affect our lives, beneficially, neutrally and/or negatively.
2.
Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and specific species/epithet names.
3.
Differentiate among the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, multicellular animal parasites (have a microscopic stage in life cycle).
4.
Compare the theories of spontaneous generation & biogenesis. 01/04/2011
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5.
Identify and discuss the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke, vanLeeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Jenner, and Fleming.
6.
Define and differentiate prokaryote, eukaryote, aseptic technique, fermentation, pasteurization, vaccination, immunity (passive/active & acquired/natural), chemotherapy, antibiotics, bioremediation, bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, immunology, virology, normal microbiota, pathogen, resistance.
7.
Explain the importance and example uses of recombinant DNA technology.
8.
List 2 examples of biotechnology that use genetic engineering and 2 that do not.
9.
Describe, compare and contrast the cause (bacterial, viral, protozoan, etc), source (how you get it), symptoms and time frame, treatment and prevention for each of the following infectious diseases: mad cow, E. coli 0157, Flesh-eating Strep, AIDS/HIV, syphilis, cryptosporidium
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Common Terms 1.
Microbes/Microorganisms
2.
Pathogen
3.
Pathogenicity
4.
Chemotherapy
5.
Antibiotics
6.
Synthetic Drug
7.
Drug Resistance A. Exchange of _____________________ B.
.
C. Inappropriate prescriptions i.
Less-developed countries
ii.
Developed countries
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Germ Theory & Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature 1. Genus: ___________________ 2. Species/Specific Epithet: ___________________ 3. ___________________________ 4. Examples:
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Classification-Viruses Viruses: Non-living. 1. Protein coat & nucleic acid- _____________________ 2. _________________________________ parasites 3. Lab growth 4. Some oncogenic 5. Treatment A. ________________________________ B. ________________________________ C. Interferon 6. Virology 01/04/2011
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Classification-Prokaryote Prokaryote: 1. Unicellular 2. Bacteria A. Shapes: (Diagram in Lab #1 Microscope) i. Bacillus; ________________ ii. Coccus; _________________ iii. Spiral; ___________________ B. Cell wall: ________________________ C. Reproduction: binary fission D. Bacteriology 3. Archea A. _________________________________ B. Examples: i. Methanogens ii. Halophiles iii. Thermophiles Chap 1 The Microbial World & You 01/04/2011
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Classification- Fungi Eukaryotes 1. Fungi A. Yeasts-_______________ B. Molds & mushrooms-______________ i.
Mycelia – mass of _________________
ii. Tape plates shut-airborne spores C. Cell walls; ______________ D. _________________ nutrients E. Reproduction: asexual or sexual F. Mycology
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Classification-Protozoa 2. Protozoa A. Unicellular B. Movement: i. Pseudopods ii. Flagella iii. Cilia C. Reproduction: Sexual or asexual
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Classification-Multicellular Animal Parasites 4. Multicellular animal parasites A. Helminthes: parasitic ______________________
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Other Terms Other Terms 1. Parasitology: Study of both ________________________ 2. Host: Organism ____________ by pathogen 3. Vector:________________ that carries organism between hosts 4. Reservoir: Continual ________________ of infection-human, animal or non-living 5. Examples: A. Helminths: Pork tapeworm
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Lyme Disease B.
Bacterial: Lyme disease i.
Host: _______________
ii.
Vector: _______________
iii.
Reservoir: _____________
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History of Microbiology History of Microbiology
1. Hooke: Coined _____________ 2. VanLeewenhoek: _______________________ 3. Spontaneous Generation: A. Life from nonliving B. Pros/Support i. Needham: __________________________________ C. Cons i. Redi: Decaying meat. ___________________________ ii. Spallanzani: __________________________________ 4. Biogenesis: ________________________________
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Pasteur 5. Pasteur: A. Disproved Spontaneous Generation i. ________________________cause growth
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Pasteur continued B. Conclusions i.
.
ii. . iii. . C. Basis for ________________________________ i.
.
D. Pasteurization: Heat enough to _______________________ E. Fermentation: Microbes (yeast) convert _________________ 01/04/2011
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Golden Age of Microbiology 1857-1914
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Lister, Koch & Koch’s Postulates 6. Lister: Aseptic surgery A. phenol 7. Koch: A. ID’ed cause of anthrax in cattle & TB in humans B. Germ Theory of Disease C. Koch’s Postulates i.
.
ii.
.
iii.
.
iv.
.
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Koch’s Postulates-Exceptions, Jenner D. Postulate Exceptions: i.
Too _____________________
ii. Disease caused by __________________ iii. Microbe produces ______________________ iv. Ethical issues 8. Jenner: A. Vaccination/Immunization: Immunity acquired by vaccine administration i. smallpox/cowpox
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Jenner, Vaccinations & Immunity
B. Vaccine: Killed, inactivated or attenuated microbes to induce ______________________________immunity C. Immunity: Specific resistance by body’s defense against a particular pathogen i. Active vs. Passive a) Active: ___________________________________ b) Passive: __________________________________ • . • . ii. Natural vs. artificial See Fig 17.1 p.477 Acquired Immunity Categories a) Natural active? b) Natural passive? c) Artificial active? d) Artificial passive? D. Immunology 01/04/2011
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Fleming, Benefits of Microbes 9. Fleming: ________________________ Other Benefits of Microbes 1. Recycling elements A. B. 2. Sewage treatment
. .
3. Bioremediation: Use of microbes to _____________ ____________________________________________ A. ___________________ 01/04/2011
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Landfills, Insect Control, Biotechnology B. Landfills i. __________________ for energy 4. Insect pest control-___________________________ 5. Biotechnology: ____________of microbes, cells or cell components to make useful products Which of the examples listed previously fall under biotechnology?
Which do not?
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Biotechnology Biotechnology 1. W/o genetic engineering. Examples A. . 2. Genetic engineering: Manipulation of genetic material ______________ A. Recombinant DNA techniques: insertion of gene into __________ ____________________________ i. . ii. . See Pharmaceutical Recombinant DNA Products Table 9.1, p 263 & Table 9.2 01/04/2011
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Gene Therapy B. Gene therapy: use virus to ___________________
i. Examples: _____________________________
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Microbes & Human Disease-Terms Disease Terms 1. Normal microbiota/flora: 2. Infectious disease: Disease when pathogens invade ____________________________ A. Universal precautions: B. Eradicated: C. Emerging: New, changing or increasing. Know: Be able to compare & contrast 1. organism type 2. source 3. transmission 4. Symptom 5. prevention 6. Treatment Chap 1 The Microbial World & You 01/04/2011
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Mad Cow
Mad Cow 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. Neurological disorder: __________________________years later 5. Illegal to ___________________________________________ 6. . 01/04/2011
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E. Coli O157 E.coli O157 1. .
2. . Symptoms include hemorrhagic colitis & hemolytic uremic syndrome. What do those terms mean? 3. Within days- ___________________________________________
4. Self-limiting. ___________________________. 01/04/2011
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Flesh-eating Strep species Flesh-eating Strep 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. .
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1. .
HIV/AIDS
2. . 3. . 4. . 5. AIDS: Kaposi’s sarcoma, life-threatening pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii) yeast & other infections 6. Treatment to ___________________________________________
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Syphillus-p. 729 Syphillus 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. 3 symptomatic stages: A. 1o (2 weeks- months): __________ B. Latent 2-4 years C. 2o: _______________ D. 3o: _______________________________
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Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium 1. . 2. Waterborne-contam _________ __________________________ 3. . 4. . 5. Self-limiting. ______________.
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