CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA

Introduction Key findings from the 2001 census have now been released. This report gives an overview of the findings for Cumbria, and highlights some of the most frequently requested results. It does not cover everything that the census provides, and there will be other more detailed reports made available over the coming months. Guidance for comparing results to previous studies Where possible, figures have been included from the 1991 census. Although they have been included, any comparisons must be treated with caution as the comparison of results between census’ are complicated by a number of issues. Firstly, there are a number of differences in definitions and the information collected. Secondly, the results of the 2001 census have been adjusted for under enumeration. The results of the 1991 census were not subject to the same methodology so caution must be used at all times. As a result, it is often more appropriate to compare percentages rather than the difference between actual counts. One of the most important results the census shows is the total population. However, the 2001 census information was collected only on usual residents. This contrasts to the 1991 census, which measured both usual residents and visitors who were present on census night. This can create difficulties in comparing the change in population. To address this, it is more appropriate to compare census 2001 population figures to the revised Mid-Year Estimates of population for 1991 as this follows a much similar methodology. If you require further help or assistance in comparing census figures please contact us. Details of how to do this can be found at the end of the report. Population and Density Cumbria’s population, as measured by the 2001 census, stood at 487,607. In 1991, the revised Mid Year Estimate of population was 486, 300. This means that throughout this time, Cumbria’s population has increased by 1,307 or 0.3%. The total population of England & Wales increased by 2.5% throughout this time, although the population within the North-West region decreased by 1.7%. Of the total population, 478,810 were residents in households (98.2%), whilst 8797 (1.8%) live in communal establishments.

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CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA Cumbria remains one of the most sparsely populated counties in England & Wales, and has an area of 676,780 hectares. This equates to 0.7 persons per hectare, much lower than the England and Wales figure of 3.4. Figure 1

Source: Census 2001, Office of National statistics, Crown Copyright

Figure 1 gives an indication of the age profile of Cumbria, broken down by gender, compared to the picture for England & Wales. It can be seen that Cumbria’s age profile is rather different to that of the profile for England & Wales (represented by the solid black line). The proportion of Cumbria’s population that falls into the younger age brackets is consistently lower than the picture for England & Wales. This pattern continues until the 40-44 age group, when the proportion of Cumbrians falling into older age groups is higher than the proportion of the total population for England & Wales. Households and Household Composition In 2001 there were 225,844 households spaces in Cumbria. Of these, 209,027 had residents, with 9443 (4.2%) being vacant, and 7374 being second or holiday homes (3.3%). The average household size is 2.3 people. Of all the households with residents in Cumbria, 55748 or 26.7% were ‘pensioner households’. Of these, 33,062 (15.8%) were lone pensioners. Overall, pensioner households make up 26.7% of Cumbria’s households. Information & Communications The Courts, Carlisle, CA3 8NA Tel No: 01228 606309

CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA This is higher than the proportion of pensioner households for England & Wales, which is 23.8%. There are 11,428 households with residents in Cumbria which consist of a lone parent with dependant children. This is equivalent to 5.5% of total households. The proportion of lone parent households with dependant children in England & Wales is 6.5%. Housing Tenure Table 1 shows the tenure in percentage terms for all households in Cumbria, and for England & Wales. The table shows that the majority of households in Cumbria are owner occupied (71.8%). Only 9.1% of households are rented from local authorities. This is lower than the proportion for England & Wales which stands at 13.2%. A further 14.8% are rented from housing associations or private landlords. In 1991, 70% of households were owned or in the process of being bought with a mortgage or loan. 16.5% of households were rented from the council. Table 1 Owner Occupied Rented from LA Rented from HA or private landlord Rented: Other

Cumbria % 71.8 9.1 14.8

England & Wales % 68.3 13.2 14.7

4.3

3.2

Office of National Statistics, Census 2001, Crown Copyright

Living Arrangements Table 2 shows the marital status of the residents of Cumbria, compared to the results for England & Wales. Table 2 Single (never married) Married Re-married Separated (but still legally married) Divorced Widowed

Cumbria % 25.5 47.2 7.8 1.9

England & Wales % 30.1 43.6 7.4 2.4

8.2 9.5

8.2 8.4

Office of National Statistics, Census 2001, Crown Copyright

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CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA The table shows that just over a quarter of Cumbrian residents who are aged 16+ are single, and have never married. This is lower than the figure for England & Wales, which stands at 30.1%. 47.2% of Cumbrians are married for the first time, higher than the England & Wales figure of 43.6% Car ownership is often used to give an indication of the measure of deprivation in peoples lives. Whilst in some cases this can be a useful measure, it is worth remembering that in many parts of rural Cumbria, having a car is a pre-requisite to obtaining work. In Cumbria, 24.4% of households did not have access to a car or van. This is slightly lower than the England & Wales average of 26.8%. The percentage of households in Cumbria with access to one car or van was 47.1%, with a further 22.9% having access to two cars. Only 5.6% had access to three or more cars per household. In 1991, 30.8% of households did not have access to a car or van, with 47.7% having access to one, 17.8% with access to two and 3.8% having access to three or more. Amenities The presence of central heating in households can also be used as a measure of deprivation. In Cumbria, 12.41% of households do not have central heating. This figure is higher than the proportion lacking in central heating in England and Wales, which stands at 8.47%. In 1991, the proportion of households which did not have central heating was considerably higher, at 26.1%. Only 0.3% of households within Cumbria were lacking or sharing use of bath/shower or inside WC. This is lower than the figure for England & Wales, which stood at 0.5%. In 1991, 1.3% of Cumbrian households lacked or shared the use of a bath/shower or inside WC. Ethnicity & Religion Cumbria’s population is predominately white, with 99.3%. This is higher than the corresponding figure for England & Wales of 90.9%. Of the 0.7% of Cumbria’s population who were non-white, the largest ethnic minority group was Chinese. However, this only makes up 0.1% of the overall population of Cumbria. Although the ethnic minority population of Cumbria remains very small, the proportion has grown since the 1991 census when only 0.4% of residents were non-white. For the first time in the 2001 census, a question was included on religion. This was a voluntary question, and respondents were not obliged to answer the question if they preferred not to.

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CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA In Cumbria, 82.6% of the population indicated that they were Christian. This is higher than the average for England & Wales, which stood at 71.8%. 10.4% of residents indicated that they followed no religion, whilst a further 6.9% did not state their religion. Buddhism was the second most commonly followed religion, but this only accounted for 0.2% of the population. Health The census asks two questions on the general health of the population. Firstly, respondents are asked to indicate if they have a limiting long-term illness. This can be any disability, illness or health problem, which limits daily activities or work. In Cumbria, 20% of the overall population indicated that they had a limiting long-term illness. This is higher than the average for England & Wales, which stands at 18.2%. Looking specifically at those respondents of working age, 15% of Cumbrian respondents indicated that they had a limiting long-term illness. This is higher than the corresponding figure for England & Wales (13.6%). In 1991, 12.3% of people indicated that they had a limiting long-term illness. Respondents were asked to indicate if their general health was good, fairly good or not good. Table 3 below shows the results for Cumbria and England & Wales. The general health of the majority of Cumbrian respondents is good, with 67.1%. This is marginally higher than the figure for England & Wales which stands at 68.6%. 22.9% of Cumbrians indicated that there health was fairly good, with a further 10.0% indicating that it was not good. Table 3 Good Fairly Good Not Good

Cumbria % 67.1 22.9 10.0

England & Wales % 68.6 22.2 9.2

Office of National Statistics, Census 2001, Crown Copyright

Work The total population aged between 16-74 for Cumbria is 354,183. Table 4 (shown overleaf) gives a breakdown of the working status of all people aged 16-74 within Cumbria and for England & Wales.

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CENSUS KEY STATISTICS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR CUMBRIA Table 4 Part Time Employees Full Time Employees Self Employed Unemployed Full Time Student Economically Inactive*

Cumbria % 13.6 36.9 9.9 3.4 2.0 34.2

England & Wales % 11.8 40.6 8.3 3.4 2.6 33.3

Office of National statistics, Census 2001, Crown Copyright * Consists of retired, students, looking after home/family, permanently sick/disabled and other.

The table shows that Cumbria has 36.9% of the population who are aged 1674 and work fulltime, lower than the 40.6% of England & Wales. Just under 1 in ten are self-employed within Cumbria, and a further 13.6% work part time. The industry of employment in Cumbria with the greatest proportion of the population aged 16-74 is manufacturing with 18.91%. A more detailed overview of Cumbria’s workforce will be available shortly. 55.1% of all 16-74 in employment within Cumbria travel to work by driving a car or van. This is broadly in line with the proportion for England & Wales (55.2%). 14.4% of Cumbrians travel to work on foot. This is higher than the proportion for England & Wales which was 10%. 12% of respondents worked from home in Cumbria – higher than the 9.2% for England & Wales. Further Information For further information on any of the topics contained in this report, please contact the Policy & Performance team, at the details below. Alternatively, visit the county council website (www.cumbria.gov.uk). The census 2001 pages will build up over the coming months to contain a library of reports designed to give both an overview of results, and detailed commentaries in particular areas.

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