3GPP2 X.S0059-000-0 Version 1.0 Version Date: January 2010
cdma2000 Femtocell Network: Overview
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Revision History
Revision
Date
1.0
January 2010
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1
cdma2000 Femtocell Network: Overview
2 3 4 5
CONTENTS
6 7
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ ii
8 9
List of Tables .........................................................................................................................................................iii
10 11
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................... iv
12 13 14
1
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1
15
Scope.......................................................................................................................................... 1
16 17
2
18
2.1
19 20 21
References ................................................................................................................................................ 2
3
Normative References ................................................................................................................ 2
Definitions and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 3
22
3.1
Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 3
23
3.2
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 3
24 25 26 27 28 29
4
List of Parts .............................................................................................................................................. 5
5
Architectural Model and Reference Points............................................................................................... 6 5.1
Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture ............................................................... 6 5.1.1 Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture with MSC ............................ 6 5.1.2 Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture with MSCe .......................... 7 5.1.3 Network Entities ...................................................................................................... 7 5.1.4 Reference Points ...................................................................................................... 8 5.1.5 cdma2000 1x Circuit Protocol Stack ........................................................................ 8
5.2
HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Data Femtocell Architecture ...................................................... 10 5.2.1 Network Entities .................................................................................................... 11 5.2.2 Reference Points .................................................................................................... 12 5.2.3 Protocol Stack ........................................................................................................ 13
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
000-i
Contents
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1
LIST OF FIGURES
2 3
Figure 1
cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Femtocell Network Architecture with MSC ........................... 6
Figure 2
cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Femtocell Network Architecture with MSCe .......................... 7
Figure 3
Phase 1 HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Femtocell Network Architecture ............................... 10
7
Figure 4
Phase 2 HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Femtocell Network Architecture ............................... 11
8
4 5 6
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
List of Figures
000-ii
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
LIST OF TABLES
3 4
Table 1
List of Parts ............................................................................................................................ 5
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
000-iii
List of Tables
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1
FOREWORD
2 3
(This foreword is not part of this Specification.)
4 5
This document was prepared by 3GPP2 TSG-X.
6 7 8
This document is a new specification.
9 10
This document is part of a multi-part document. The multiple parts together specify the cdma2000®1 Femtocell Network.
11 12 13 14
This document is subject to change following formal approval procedures. Should this document be modified in the future, it will be re-released with a change-of-release date and an identifying change in version number as follows:
15 16 17 18
X.S0059-000-X-n
19 20 21
where:
22
X: a numerical or uppercase alphabetic character [A, B, C, …] that indicates the revision level;
23
n: a numeric string [1, 2, 3, …] that indicates the point release level.
26
24 25
27 28
This document uses the following word usage conventions:
29
“Shall” and “shall not” identify requirements to be followed strictly to conform to this document and from which no deviation is permitted.
30
“Should” and “should not” indicate that one of several possibilities is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required, or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is discouraged but not prohibited.
33
“May” and “need not” indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the document.
38
31 32
34 35 36 37
39 40
“Can” and “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or causal.
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
1 cdma2000 is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the
Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the United States.
Foreword
000-iv
57 58 59
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
1
Introduction
3
This document provides an overview of the series of documents that specify the HRPD and cdma2000 1x Femtocell network.
4 5 6 7 8 9
1.1
Scope
10
This series of documents defines an architecture model and set of specifications for an HRPD and cdma2000 1x Femtocell network that can support existing services provided by HRPD and cdma2000 1x.
11 12 13 14 15
This revision of the Femtocell network series of documents includes the following capabilities specified in [X.S0059-100]:
16 17 18
Femtocell Access Point (FAP) authentication and authorization;
Quality of Service (QoS) operation on backhaul;
FAP Auto-configuration;
Local IP access;
Remote IP access;
Packet data call mobility between femtocell and macro system;
FAP accounting enhancements.
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
This revision of the Femtocell network series of documents includes the following capabilities specified in [X.S0059-200]:
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
FAP registration;
MS call origination and termination;
Short Message Service (SMS) procedures;
Emergency call procedures;
Idle and active mobility procedures between femtocell and macro system.
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1 Introduction
000-1
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
2
1
References
2 3 4
2.1
5
Normative References
6 7
This section provides references to other specifications and standards that are necessary to implement this document.
8 9 10
[1]
3GPP2: X.S0002-0 v2.0, MAP Location Services Enhancements; June 2006.
11 12 13
[2]
3GPP2: X.S0024-0 v1.0, IP-Based Location Services; November 2005.
[3]
3GPP2: C.S0022-B v1.0, Position Determination Service for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems; April 2009.
14 15 16 17
[4]
Joint ATIS/TIA: J-STD-036-C, Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase II; January 2009.
18 19 20
[5]
3GPP: TS 23.002 September 2009.
v9.1.0,
Network
Architecture
(Release
9);
21 22 23
[6]
3GPP2: X.S0011-E v1.0, cdma2000 Wireless IP Network Standard; November 2009.
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
000-2
2 References
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
3
Definitions and Abbreviations
3
This section provides definitions, symbols and abbreviations that are used throughout the document.
4 5 6 7 8 9
3.1
Definitions
10
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.
11 12 13
Femtocell Access Point
14
A Femtocell Access Point (FAP) is a wireless access point that provides coverage in a small area, usually a private residence or a small office and connects the MS to an operator’s network via a broadband connection (e.g., DSL, cable). The FAP can be operating in cdma2000 1x mode, HRPD mode, or both modes.
15 16 17 18 19 20
Femtocell Access Control
21 22
This function allows any MS that is part of the Access Control List (ACL) for a FAP to access services through that FAP. The types of femtocell access control include open association, restricted association, and signaling association.
23 24 25 26
Open Association
27 28
Any MS can register with the FAP and access the services provided by cdma2000 1x and HRPD.
29 30 31
Restricted Association
32 33
Only an MS in the ACL for a given FAP is allowed to register and access the services provided by cdma2000 1x and HRPD.
34 35 36 37
Signaling Association
38
Any MS can register with the FAP, but during a service access, the MS may be redirected to a macro base station if that MS is not included in the FAP ACL (i.e., the MS is not authorized to access service through the FAP).
39 40 41 42 43 44 45
3.2
Abbreviations
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
3GPP2 AAA AC ACL ACS AKA AN BS BSC CPE CWMP
3 Definitions and Abbreviations
3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Authentication Center Access Control List Auto-Configuration Server Authentication and Key Agreement Access Network Base Station Base Station Controller Customer Premises Equipment CPE WAN Mobility Protocol
000-3
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
DSL FA FAP FCS FMS HA HLR HRPD IKE IMS IP IPsec ISC L1 L2 L3 LAC LIPA LMA LMSD MAC MAG MAP MC MGCF MGW MIP MS MSC PCF PCRF PMIP PDSN PDST PSAP QoS RIPA RPC RTP SeGW SIP SMS TCP UA UDP VoIP WAN
1
Digital Subscriber Line Foreign Agent Femtocell Access Point Femtocell Convergence Server Femtocell Management System Home Agent Home Location Register High Rate Packet Data Internet Key Exchange IP Multimedia Subsystem Internet Protocol IP Security IP Multimedia Service Control Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Link Access Control Local IP Access Local Mobility Anchor Legacy MS Domain Media Access Control Mobile Access Gateway Mobile Application Part Message Center Media Gateway Control Function Media Gateway Mobile IP Mobile Station Mobile Switching Center Packet Control Function Policy and Charging Rules Function Proxy Mobile IP Packet Data Service Node Packet Data Service Termination Public Safety Answering Point Quality of Service Remote IP Access Remote Procedure Call Real-Time Transport Protocol Security Gateway Session Initiation Protocol Short Message Service Transmission Control Protocol User Agent User Datagram Protocol Voice over IP Wide Area Network
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
000-4
3 Definitions and Abbreviations
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
4
List of Parts
3
The parts that comprise the initial release of this document are shown in Table 1. Each document in the series is numbered as a Part. Each Part represents an area of focus within the series of documents.
4 5 6 7 8
Table 1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
List of Parts
Part
Title
000
cdma2000 Femtocell Network: Overview
100
cdma2000 Femtocell Network: Packet Data Network Aspects
200
cdma2000 Femtocell Network: 1x and IMS Network Aspects
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
4 List of Parts
000-5
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
5
1
Architectural Model and Reference Points
2 3 4
5.1
5
Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture
6 7
5.1.1
8
Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture with MSC
9 10
The figure below shows the access network reference architecture for cdma2000 1x circuit service access from a Femtocell base station. This figure represents the architecture used with an MSC.
11 12 13 14 15
PDE
16
MPC
17 18 19
HLR/AC
MC MAP
20 21 22 23
FCS
24 25
1x Macro Base Station
ISUP
PSTN
A1
26
PSAP
MSC
27
A2
TDM
28 29
TDM
TDM
ISUP
30
Ma or ISC (SIP)
ISUP
MGCF /MGW
31 32 33 34
Fx1 (RTP)
Femtocell Access Point 1x
MS
36
Fx3
SIP UA
35
Mg (SIP)
Fx1 (RTP)
Security Gateway
IP Network
37
Fx2 (SIP)
IMS
38 39
Fx2 (SIP)
40
Fm
Legend: FCS Femtocell Convergence Server FMS Femtocell Management System F-AAA Femtocell AAA
Mm (SIP)
Fx1 (RTP)
Fx4 (AAA)
FMS F-AAA
IP Multimedia Network
41 42 43 44 45 46
Figure 1
cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Femtocell Network Architecture with MSC
47 48
Notes:
49
1.
Location Based Services are supported using X.S0002 [1], X.S0024 [2], and C.S0022 [3]. Emergency services calls are supported using J-STD-036 [4].
50
2.
The Ma, Mg, Mm and ISC reference points are as defined in TS 23.002 [5].
53
51 52
54 55 56 57 58 59
000-6
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
5.1.2
Femtocell cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Architecture with MSCe
3
The figure below shows the access network reference architecture for cdma2000 1x circuit service access from a Femtocell base station. This figure represents the architecture used with an MSCe in support of LMSD.
4 5 6 7 8
PDE
MPC
9 10 11 12
HLR/AC
MC MAP
13
MAP
14 15 16 17
LMSD/ IMS IWF
zz (LMSD SIP)
18
1x Macro Base Station
19 20
A1p
MSCe
13 (ISUP)
21
PSTN
34 (TDM)
22
39 (H.248)
23
Ma or ISC (SIP)
MGW
Mm (SIP)
A2p TDM
24
ISUP
PSAP
25
MGCF /MGW
26 27 28
Femtocell Access Point
29 30 31
1x
Fx1 (RTP) Fx3
SIP UA
MS
Mg (SIP)
IMS
Fx1 (RTP)
Security Gateway
Fx2 (SIP)
IP Network Fx2 (SIP)
32
Mm (SIP)
33
36 37 38 39
Fx1 (RTP)
Fm
34 35
FCS
Fx4 (AAA)
Legend: FCS Femtocell Convergence Server FMS Femtocell Management System F-AAA Femtocell AAA
Figure 2
FMS F-AAA
IP Multimedia Network
cdma2000 1x Circuit Service Femtocell Network Architecture with MSCe
40 41
Notes:
42 43
1.
The LMSD-IMS Interworking Function (LIIWF) provides interworking between the MSCe [X.S0025] and IMS by interworking LMSD SIP and IMS SIP. This function is outside of the scope of this document.
2.
The Ma, Mg, Mm and ISC reference points are as defined in TS 23.002 [5].
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
5.1.3
Network Entities This document defines five new network entities:
52 53
Femtocell Access Point (FAP);
Security Gateway (SeGW);
Femtocell AAA;
Femtocell Management System (FMS); and
54 55 56 57 58 59
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
000-7
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1
Femtocell Convergence Server (FCS).
2 3
Femtocell Access Point
4
The FAP is a cdma2000 1x access point that provides coverage in a small area, usually a private residence or a small office, and connects the MS to an operator’s network via a broadband connection (e.g., DSL, cable). This entity provides access to cdma2000 1x voice/SMS users by providing a conversion function between cdma2000 voice/SMS and IMSbased VoIP traffic and signaling. This entity also provides a femtocell access control function.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Security Gateway
13
The Security Gateway (SeGW) provides security functions for FAP access to the cdma2000 core network. It supports: secure tunnel management procedures between itself and the FAP, including establishment and release of the tunnel; allocation of an IP address to the FAP from the serving cdma2000 network; and encapsulation and de-capsulation of packets to and from the FAP. Through the interface to the Femtocell AAA, the SeGW supports Femtocell level authentication and transfer of authorization policy information.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Femtocell AAA
22
The Femtocell AAA provides a FAP authorization function. It sends authorization policy information to the SeGW.
23 24 25 26
Femtocell Convergence Server
27 28
The Femtocell Convergence Server (FCS) is an IMS Application Server that provides interworking among: the FAP that is supporting the cdma2000 1x mobile; the SIP environment of IMS; and the appropriate MAP network elements (e.g., HLR, MC, MPC, cdma2000 1x MSC).
29 30 31 32 33 34
Femtocell Management System
35
The Femtocell Management System (FMS) is a network entity that resides in an operator's network and aids in the auto-configuration of the FAP before the MS can access services through the FAP.
36 37 38 39 40
5.1.4
Reference Points
41 42
The following reference points are introduced: Fx1
43
The RTP bearer interface between the FAP and the Media Gateway (MGW) that carries the RTP payloads.
44 45 46
Fx2
The signaling interface that carries user SIP signaling between the FAP and the IMS core network.
47
Fx3
The IPsec tunnel between the FAP and the SeGW.
50
Fx4
The signaling interface between the Security Gateway and the Femtocell AAA.
Fm
The interface between the FAP and the FMS for auto-configuration.
48 49
51 52 53 54 55
5.1.5
56
cdma2000 1x Circuit Protocol Stack
57 58 59
000-8
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2
5.1.5.1
Control Plane between MS and FCS for Voice/SMS
3 4 5
L3 Signaling
L3 Signaling
LAC
LAC
SIP
SIP
SIP
SIP
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
6 7 8 9
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
IP
IP
IP
IP
10 11 12
MAC
MAC
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
Physical layer
Physical layer
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
13 14 15 16 17
MS
FAP
SeGW
CSCF
FCS
18 19 20 21
5.1.5.2
User Plane between MS and PSTN for Voice
22 23 24
Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice
RTP
RTP
UDP
UDP
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
cdma2000 Air Interface
cdma2000 Air Interface
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
L1/L2
L1/L2
32 33 34 35 36
MS
FAP
SeGW
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
000-9
MGW
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
5.2
HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Data Femtocell Architecture
1 2 3
The following figures show the HRPD or cdma2000 1x Packet Data Femtocell Phase 1 and Phase 2 network architecture. In these figures, the only new interfaces introduced (see X.S0011 [5]) are: the interface between Femtocell Access Point and Security Gateway; the interface between Femtocell Access Point and Femtocell Management System; and the interface between the Security Gateway and Femtocell AAA.
4 5 6 7 8 9
The HRPD femtocell network architecture also supports Local IP Access (LIPA) which allows an MS to access either local IP networks or the internet through the local interface.
10 11 12 13 14
For Remote IP Access Authentication
A16-19
A13
HRPD AN
15 16 17
Fx5 (AAA)
18 19 20
FGW
PCRF
21 22
AAA
Ty
SeGW
26
PDSN
27 28
(P)MIP
FAP
MS
24 25
A10 A11
HRPD/1x
23
BS/AN
29 30 31
HA/LMA
32 33
For Femto Device Authentication
34
Femtocell AAA
Fm
AAA (A12)
) A A (A Fx 4
LAN/ Internet
35
For A12 Device Authentication
36 37
Internet FMS
AN-AAA
38 39 40 41
Figure 3
Phase 1 HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Femtocell Network Architecture
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000-10
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1
HRPD AN
2 3
Fx5 (AAA)
4
6 7
For Remote IP Access Authentication
A16-19
A13
5
For PDS Authentication
8
FGW
9
AAA
10 11 12
Ty
PCRF
(P)MIP
HA/LMA
AAA
13
SeGW
14 15 16
18
FAP
HRPD/1x
17
BS/AN
MS
19
PDST
20
FA/MAG
IP
Fx 4
24 25
For Femto Device Authentication
26 27 28
Femtocell AAA
AAA (A12)
(A
A
A
LAN/ Internet
23
Fm
22
)
21
For A12 Device Authentication
Internet FMS
AN-AAA
29
Figure 4
30
Phase 2 HRPD/cdma2000 1x Packet Femtocell Network Architecture
31
Notes:
32 33
1.
34 35
All interfaces that pass through the SeGW entity are transported within a secure tunnel between the FAP and the SeGW.
36 37
5.2.1
Network Entities
38 39
A description of new network entities and entities with new functions is provided below.
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Femtocell Access Point The FAP is a cdma2000 wireless access point that provides coverage in a small area, usually a private residence or a small office, and connects the MS to an operator’s network via a broadband connection (e.g., DSL, cable). This entity also provides a femtocell access control function.
48 49
Security Gateway
50 51 52 53
The Security Gateway (SeGW) is a network entity that resides in an operator's network and provides secure access for the Femtocell Access Point to access services within the system operator’s network.
54 55 56 57 58
Femtocell Gateway The Femtocell Gateway (FGW) is a network entity that resides in an operator's network and provides aggregation and proxy functions for the Femtocell Access Point to access services
59
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
000-11
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
within the system operator’s network. The FGW also provides MAG/FA function in the Phase 2 architecture.
1 2 3 4
Femtocell AAA
5
The Femtocell AAA provides a FAP authorization function. It sends authorization policy information to the SeGW.
6 7 8 9
Femtocell Management System
10 11
The Femtocell Management System (FMS) is a network entity that resides in an operator's network and aids in the auto-configuration of the FAP before the MS can access services through the FAP.
12 13 14 15 16
AN-AAA
17
In addition to the function described in [3] and [4], the AN-AAA also provides a femtocell access control function and LIPA authorization function. For LIPA authorization, the ANAAA may access the Home AAA for authorization information, but this interface is outside the scope of this Specification.
18 19 20 21 22 23
5.2.2
Reference Points
24 25
The following new reference points make use of existing protocols and interfaces that are specified by 3GPP2 TSG-A, TSG-X, and IETF:
26 27 28
A12 for HRPD access authentication between the AN function in the FAP and the AN-AAA. A13 for HRPD idle session handoff between the AN function in the FAP and another HRPD AN (AN). Identical to the HRPD A13 interface between two ANs.
29 30 31 32 33
A16-19 for HRPD active session handoff between the AN function in the FAP and another HRPD AN. Identical to the HRPD A16-19 interface(s) between two ANs.
34
A10/A11 interface between the AN/PCF function in the FAP and the PDSN.
37
MIP/Proxy MIP between the FA/MAG function in the FGW and the HA/LMA.
35 36
38 39 40
The architecture contains the following new reference points: Femtocell Access Point – Security Gateway (Fx3)
41 42 43 44
The interface provides IPsec tunnel between Femtocell Access Point and Security Gateway.
45 46 47
Security Gateway – Femtocell AAA (Fx4)
48
The interface provides authorization to the Femtocell Access Point.
49 50
Femtocell Access Point – Femtocell Management System (Fm) The Fm interface enables auto-configuration of the FAP by the FMS.
51 52 53 54 55
SeGW – AAA (Fx5)
56 57
The Fx5 interface enables the AAA to authorize the MS for Remote IP Access (RIPA) to the FAP.
000-12
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
58 59
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
1 2 3 4
5.2.3
Protocol Stack
5.2.3.1
Control Plane
5.2.3.1.1
Control Plane between FAP and SeGW
5 6 7 8 9 10
IKE
IKE
UDP
UDP
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
L2
L2
L1
L1
FAP
SeGW
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
5.2.3.1.2
Control Plane Between FAP, FGW, and PDSN
28 29 30
A11
A11
31 32 33
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
IP
IP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
34 35 36 37 38 39 40
FAP
SeGW
FGW
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points
000-13
PDSN
X.S0059-000-0 v1.0
5.2.3.1.3
1
Control Plane Between MS and PDSN
2 3
PPP
PPP
4 5
A10
A10
6
(SO33/SO59)
(SO33/SO59)
7 8
cdma2000 Air Interface
cdma2000 Air Interface
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
IP
IP
IP
IP
9 10 11
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
12 13 14 15
MS
FAP
SeGW
FGW
PDSN
16 17 18 19 20
5.2.3.2
21
User Plane
22 23
IP
IP
PPP-HDLC (Conditional)
PPP-HDLC (Conditional)
24 25 26 27 28
A10
A10
29 30
cdma2000 Air Interface
cdma2000 Air Interface
IP/IPsec
IP/IPsec
IP
IP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
31 32 33 34 35
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
36 37 38
MS
FAP
SeGW
FGW
PDSN
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
000-14
5 Architectural Model and Reference Points