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catalogue n ˚ 2

Fine Books Travel & Exploration

hs rare books & maps - 2015

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item nº 54

item nº 50

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catalogue n ˚ 2

Fine Books Travel & Exploration

hs rare books & maps - 2015 hs rare books & maps

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hs rare books san martin de tours 3190, capital federal cp 1425 argentina (+54) 911 5512 7770 email: [email protected] website: www.hsrarebooks.com by appointment only

all items are guaranteed to be complete unless otherwise noted. returns are accepted within 7 days of receipt. front cover: item nº 9

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Index africa 8, 21, 29, 48 & 48 america 3, 6, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, & 56 argentina, chile & paraguay 6, 12, 15, 19, 26, 27, 37, 39, 40, 41, 48, 52, & 55 asia 2, 3, 5, 11, 44, & 49 brazil 7, 13, 30, 31, & 37 china 2, 44, 46, 48, & 49 colombia & venezuela 16, 54, & 55 hispanic world 1, 4, 9, 10, 18, 20, 38, 42, 47, & 50 iconography & plate books 9, 16, 19, 41, 46, 48, 51, & 54 maps 3, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 32 & 34 mexico 23, 33, 47, & 53 middle east 9, 20, 35, 43, & 49 navigation & piracy 1, 5, 8, 13, 14, 29, 32, & 38 pacific 4, 5, 6, 11, & 45 peru 12, 17, 28, 34, 42, & 56 philippines & south east asia 5, 11, 36, 43, 44, 46, & 49 slavery 33, 45, 47, & 51 hs rare books & maps

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1. Regulating Privateering activities in Spain: the most significant treatise on the subject written in Spain

abreu y bertodano, felix lose. Tratado juridico-politico sobre Pressas de Mar y calidades que deben concurrir para hacerse legitimamente el Corso. N.d. [1746]. N.p. [Seville]. In 4to (195 mm x 140 mm). 1 [blank] + 27 ff. + 335 + 1 [blank]. Contemporary calf, very discrete, only simple tooling, mostly faded, head and foot worn but overall very good. An excellent copy, in its original condition, with full margins and very clean paper. First edition —one of three editions in the same year, all are rare. Abreu s learned work is one of the most significant treatises on privateering ever made in Spain; its scope encompasses the entirety of the subject, compiling the available regulation at the time and including his own views on the subject. Virtually all the decrees, acts, and ordinances on piracy published in Spain are included in Abreu s work. There were three editions published in 1746, for which no priority is known: the printing locations were Madrid, Cadiz and this one, presumably Seville. Palau attributes this to the printer A. de Barreda of Seville. “This valuable work, which is much less known in this country than it deserves to be was translated into French” (McCulloch p. 127). There is little to be found on the life of Abreu (1722-1766), except that he was Ambassador to France in the mid 18th century and that he was also author of other treatises on navigation and sea-affairs. We are only able to trace one copy having sold at auction, in 2006, in the last 50 years. palau, 1009.

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2. One of the last great representatives of the Jesuit Order in China; handsomely illustrated manuscript, of a seminal history of China amiot, joseph-marie. Abregé chronologique de l’histoire universelle de l’Empire Chinois. N.d. [1770-1789]. In folio (309 mm x 195 mm). 123 ff. [Abregé chronologique de l’histoire universelle de l’Empire Chinois] + folding drawing [between first and second ff.] + 1 [blank] + 11 —mostly folding— tables with measurements, units and currency [last three numbered 9, 9a & 9b] + 1 [blank] + 1 ff. [Explication des Figures] + 1020 —several drawings] + 1 [blank] + folding drawing + XLV [Explication des Planches, Explication des figures, and Explication des Monuments] + 1 [blank] + 1 ff. + 1-32 ff. [Première partie, contenant les tems Mythologiques ou fabuleux depuis Pan-Kou jusqu’à Fou-Hi] + 3 [blank] + folding drawing + 1 ff. + 25 pp. [Seconde Partie contenant les tems douteux ou incertains depuis Fou-Hi fondateur de la Monarchie; jusqu’à Hoang-Ly qui en est proprement le législateur] + 2 [blank]; 1 ff. + folding drawing + CLXI [Troisième partie contenant tous les tems historiques ou certains depuis la 61e année du regne de Hoang-Ly] + 2 [blank]. Contemporary calf, spine restored, some rubbing, raising bands and tooling to spine, lettered in gilt, very good. Manuscript on paper, in the same hand, tears to a few folding ff. without loss, some scattered very light foxing, very clean paper, excellent condition overall. Striking manuscript on the history of China, by the hand of Jesuit active during the second half of the 18th century, and one of the period s greatest sinologists; appealingly illustrated and in its entirely genuine condition. Amiot (1718-1793) was a French Jesuit Priest, missionary, sinologist, historian and astronomer; after his ordination as a member of Society he asked to be sent to China, sailing towards Macao in 1749, and arriving in 1750. A year later, 1751, Amiot arrived at Peking, where he stayed hs rare books & maps

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until his death. In China he gained the favour of the imperial Qianlong court —often employing himself as translator of Western languages. His time could not have been worst, notably for the forbidding of the Jesuit Order in 1764 and the revolution of 1789; the Chinese political climate and openness towards European influence had changed dramatically, long-gone were the days of Mateo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest. The persecution and martyrdom of Priests was becoming more frequent as the banning of the Christian faith was about to happen. These factors rendered his efforts of establishing the Catholic faith rather fruitless. However, Amiot s passion for the customs, history, languages, and music of the country, made him carry on, becoming a scholar, well versed in Chinese overall culture -translating Sun Tsu s Art of War and composing a Manchu-French grammar and dictionary. In his iconography, he is often portrayed with a beard and hat, resembling a Chinese scholar. The seminal work “Memoires concernant l’histoire, les sciences, les arts, les moeurs, les usages, etc. des Chinois: par les Missionaires de Pekin” (1766-91), is often attributed to him, although not its only author; his attribution as compiler points out to his vast knowledge of the country. Amiot’s work is to be regarded amongst the most significant contributions to the Western knowledge of Chinese culture and thinking. “While in China, he helped verify certain geographical locations, thereby making a major contribution to the perfection of the Jesuits’ project of mapping the empire.” (Encyclopaedia Britannica). At the end, the manuscript is dated and given authorship “fini à Peking l’an 1770 par Amiot”. The work is divided into three parts, each dealing with different aspects of Chinese history: first part “contenant les tems Mythologiques ou fabuleux depuis Pan-Kou jusqu’à Fou-Hi”, second part “contenant les tems douteux ou incertains depuis Fou-Hi fondateur de la Monarchie; jusqu’à Hoang-Ly qui en est proprement le législateur”, and the third part “contenant tous les tems historiques ou certains depuis la 61e année du regne de Hoang-Ly, jusqu’à la 35e [ 8 ]

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année du regne de Kien-Long, c’est à dire, depuis l’an 2637 avant jes. Ch. jusqu’à l’an 1770 de notre Ere vulgaire: Explication de la Planche 4me; Du cycle sexagénaire des Chinois; Des cycles chinois en général; Table chronologique de l’histoire chinoise terminant 2207 années avant J.C”. On ff. 2 is found the [Discours préliminaire à Monsieur Bignon, Conseiller d’Etat, bibliothécaire du Roi, Prevôt des Marchands &c. À Péking, 1769]. The illustration comprises four impressive large folding drawings in brownish and black ink [one representing the inside of a palace, another a writer in an idyllic landscape with exotic flora and fauna]; 19 mostly-folding tables, with measurements, and Chinese coinage; and drawings in text. Provenance: ownership manuscript inscription “Jay payé ce vol en 1789 162 l[ivres] t[ournois]”; a manuscript of this text –however we cannot determine weather it was this one- was included in the sales catalogue of the library of M. J. G. de la Porte du Theil, Paris, 1816, n° 2893. Presented in Shanghai at the exhibition From gesture to language (26 April to 11 August 2013). There is another copy of this text at the BNF (Collection Brequigny). cf. sommervogel, i, 294. hs rare books & maps

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3. One of two known copies of a 16th century map of the Americas; apparently only the second known copy of Anania’s first edition, with the maps anania, giovanni lorenzo. La Universal fabrica del Mondo. 1573. Naples. Giuseppe Cacchii dell Aquila. Four parts in one volume in 4to (205 mm x 145 mm). 1[blank] + 6 ff. + 4 ff. + 82 + 44 + 23 + 1 [blank] + 20 + 1 [blank]. Contemporary flexible vellum slightly restored, spine lettered in ink, stained, spine with small chipping at bottom. A very good copy, overall clean and fresh, with erased ownership inscription on title page, a few wormholes at the end, minor browning and staining throughout. First edition. An exceptionally rare copy, complete with the trapezoidal maps of the Continents —only found in one other copy, in Spain; Anania’s Fabrica is an influential 16th century cosmography, a comprehensive survey of foreign lands, encompassing Europe, Asia, and the Indies. This first edition is rare, as evidenced by its immediate success, with editions following in 1576, 1582, and 1597. The most appealing factor, however, are the four folding maps of the Continents present in this copy, probably one extant in one other copy, or two, according to Burden. The trapezoidal maps are virtually unrecorded; they are set in a trapezoidal projection, and contain details of cartographical influence of mostly Italian maps, and are still based on a pre-Copernican view of the Universe. The successive editions of the Fabrica were illustrated, however with a different set of maps, entirely unrelated to those herein present. The rarity of the maps is remarkable, from the copies found on OCLC, only the one held by the Biblioteca Nacional de España is to be found with the maps. We could find no other copies of the maps having sold at auction. An alternative position to their rarity is the assumption that they were only added to a few copies, as institutionally held copies of the Fabrica without the maps are regarded as complete. [ 10 ]

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Anania (1545-1609) was an Italian geographer, humanist, historian and theologian; the later field is well represented by his “De natura daemonum”, 1570, a treatise supporting the existence of the Devil. Anania was a learned men, “it is hard to find an authority whose writing was in print before 1573 whom he does not list in his bibliography or cite in his text” (Lach, Asia in the making of Europe, II, 1977, p. 230). Referring to the map of the Americas, Burden enlightens us on its rarity – which can be transferred to the other three- “For knowledge of this extremely rare map, known in only two examples, the author is grateful to Dr. Frtiz Hellwig… Cartographically it is difficult to identify any sources clearly but the north-east coast of North America appears to derive from the Ruscelli Tierra Nueva of 1561… A Forlani type river system appears in the west along with Califania”. not in sabin. burden, the mapping of north america, 43. alden, 573-4. hs rare books & maps

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4. Rare and historically significant pair of manuscript accounts of the second Spanish expedition to Tahiti

[boenechea expedition] andia y varela, josef. Relacion del viage hecho a la Ysla de Otahiti y sus ajacentes, para el reconocimiento de ellas. 1774. In 8vo (217 mm x 154 mm). 1 ff. + 1 [blank] + 111 + 1 [blank]. Nineteenth century half roan over boards, spine flat lettered in gilt, restored. Manuscript in ink, in a clear secretarial cursive hand, perfectly legible throughout; paper clean and fresh, wide margins. A contemporary manuscript of Andia’s journal, describing the Second Spanish expedition to Tahiti and various Polynesian islands; and one of the most authoritative primary sources on the endeavour. The expedition was lead by Captain Domingo de Boenechea, while Andia played a key role as the commander of the Jupiter, one of the expedition’s two vessels. Andia’s narrative is historically significant, as it is considered by scholars to be perhaps the best and most reliable primary account of the expedition. The prime mandate of the second expedition was to land Roman Catholic priests on Tahiti (named ‘Amat’ by the Spanish) whose mission was to both convert the native peoples to Christianity and to secure their fealty to the Spanish crown. With such a well-placed Spanish base, Amat hoped that he could prevent a permanent foreign presence from being established in the Mid-Pacific. Boenechea was charged with leading the second expedition, commanding the Aguila. However, additional talent was to be recruited to ensure that the mission was a success. Here enters José Ramón de Andía y Varela (b. 1736), a Basque adventurer and businessman. He was heavily involved in trade between Valparaiso and Callao, the main port of Peru and the South Pacific headquarters of the Armada Real. On September 20, 1774, the expedition sailed out of Callao, and from that point onwards, Andia began his detailed and insightful account of the progress of the voyage. Andia is mindful to ensure that his account hs rare books & maps

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will be useful to future mariners, as he consistency supplies copious nautical details, as to facilitate a subsequent expedition. Shortly after departing Callao, the Aguila and the Jupiter became separated, and did not rendezvous until reaching Tahiti. Amazingly, on San Narciso’s Day (October 29), they both landed at Tatakoto without finding each other. Andia, in his care for detail, explains how both vessels missed each other, and gives emphasis on his unsuccessful attempts to make contact: The manuscript is ostensibly a detailed day-to-day relation of the voyage, with precise details on the observations, events, and experiences, all told in the first person by Andia himself. Judging by the style of handwriting, ink and paper used, it is clearly a contemporary manuscript copy of Varela’s original journal, which was written aboard the Jupiter. Often the original documents written aboard ship were not in a form fit for presentation. The Biblioteca Nacional de España holds a “Relacion del Viaje hecho a la isla de Amat, y sus adyacentes” [1774], another contemporary example of Varela’s narrative (See Francisco Aguilar Piñal (ed.), Bibliografía de autores españoles del siglo XVIII , Volume 1 (Madrid, 1981), no.1585). Andia’s narrative was published for the first time (but translated in to French) by the geographer Marie Armand Pascal d’Avezac Macaya, as Relation d’un voyage a L’ile d’Amat ou Ta iti, et aux iles voisines, exécuté en 1774… par la frègate espagnole L’Aguila et la paquebot le Jupiter (Paris, 1835). [offered with] boenechea, domingo de. Descripcion de las Islas del Occeano Pacifico reconocidas ultimamente de Orden de su M[agestad]. C[atolica]. 1774. N.p. In 8vo (208 mm x 156 mm). 1 ff. + 47 pp. Nineteenth century half roan over boards; rebacked, spine flat lettered in gilt. Manuscript in ink, in a clear secretarial cursive hand, perfectly legible throughout; paper clean and fresh, wide margins. A contemporary manuscript of Domingo de Boenechea s description of Tahiti and various Polynesian islands, drafted following the return of the Second Spanish Voyage to Tahiti in 1775. [ 14 ]

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Don Domingo de Boenechea y Andonaegui (1713-75), a veteran Basque captain, was chosen, in 1772, by the Viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat, to lead an expedition to Tahiti and Polynesia. Aboard the frigate Santa Maria Magdalena, better known as the Aguila, Boenechea sailed from Callao, on September 26, 1772; on November 8 he arrived at Tahiti, which he named Amat. On his return, he made port at Valparaiso, Chile, where he drafted his report to Amat. Amat was encouraged by Boenechea’s accounts and decided to authorize a second expedition, with the objective of landing priests on Tahiti, so as to convert the natives to Christianity and to gain their loyalty to the Spanish Crown. Boenechea’s second expedition embarked on the Aguila from Callao on September 20, 1774. Referring to Boenechea’s manuscript, the author begins with a concise disquisition on the history of the islands. He notes the islands’ (apocryphal) discovery by Pedro de Quiros in 1606. What follows is a precise account of the progress of the two expeditions up to the period shortly before Boenechea’s death, including short descriptions of each island. This includes details as to the island’s geodetic locations, when they were found, the indigenous names and the names given by the Spaniards and descriptions of the flora and fauna (i.e. “Ysla Pelada. A esta la llaman los Naturales Tapuaemana es chica y baja con arrecifes, abunda en cocos, platanos… gallinas, cerdos, y perros”). Importantly, Boenechea’s description of the islands is one of the earliest detailed accounts of Tahiti and the Society Islands in existence and a fundamental source of information on the appearance of the islands before European settlements and influence. A slightly different version of Boenechea’s account (referencing only Boenechea’s first voyage) was published in Bolton Glanvil Corney (ed.), The Quest and Occupation of Tahiti by Emissaries of Spain during the years 1772-1776 (Hakluyt Society Publications), vol. 1 (London, 1913), pp. 284-345. A full description is available upon request. hs rare books & maps

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5. Spanish explorations and discoveries in South East Asia, with an early Spanish account on Drake

argensola, bartolome leonardo. Conquista de las islas Malucas. 1609. Madrid. Alonso Martin. In 4to (278 mm x 189 mm). 1 [blank] + 12 + 407 (with errors in pagination) + 1 [blank]. Eighteenth century calf, spine with raised bands, elaborately gilt, red morocco lettering piece, lower compartment with initials J. I. L.; minor rubbing. Engraved title trimmed at foot causing minor loss, as almost always, fine otherwise except some foxing and spotting; old ownership inscription to pp. 1. First edition. The Council of the Indies commissioned Argensola to write a history of the Spanish explorations, and discoveries in Asia, as well as the wars and armed conflicts engaged with the Dutch, English (here incorporates an early account of Sir Francis Drake, amongst the earliest Spanish sources on the pirate), and natives. “An account of the voyage of Sir Francis Drake is included… This book is an essential work for the history of Spanish and Portuguese exploration in the East Indies” (Hill). It also contains a very early reference to Pedro de Sarmiento s journey through the Strait of Magellan, not published until 100 years later. Argensola dealt mostly with the Philippines and the Moluccas (Spice Islands, Indonesia), however his aim for a comprehensive work made him deal also with China, Java, Sumatra, Celebes and Ceylon. “In his digressions on people and places, Argensola adds significantly to the stockpile of information on Asia, especially on the Moluccas, Java, Sumatra, and Ceylon. His book also ties together neatly the affairs of Europe with struggles in the overseas areas, for he sees the spice trade in its world wide ramifications and makes his reader acutely aware of its immediate and potential interest for Japan and China.” (Lach). [ 16 ]

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Argensola (1562-1631) was a Spanish historian, poet and learned man; he joined the Count of Lemos, Viceroy of Naples in 1610, and succeeded his brother Lupercio as historiographer of Aragon in 1613. Provenance: from the library of the antiquarian book dealer Björn Löwendahl (1941-2013). palau, 16089. alden, 609/65.hill, ii, 475. lach, asia in the making of europe, iii, pp. 311-12. hs rare books & maps

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6. Azara’s manuscript of his journey from Buenos Aires to Paraguay

azara, felix de. Viage desde Buenos Aires hasta la Asuncion, Corrientes, con observaciones astronómicas. [1782-5]. In folio (345 mm x 220 mm; 307 mm x 210 mm). 1 ff. [title] + 1-78 (first part) + 79-85 (Fundacion de los pueblos de las Doctrinas sacada de los libros de Bautismos y del P. Del Techo. Loreto Año de 1615). + 86-99 (Fundaciones de los pueblos de la Doctrinas Jesuiticas sacadas de los libros de Bautismos y del P. Techo en el Año de 1736). Early 20th century calf, boards with fillets, lettering pieces to spine. Manuscript in ink, generally in excellent condition, unsophisticated, readable throughout; damp stain to a part of the text, usually marginal but some pages with more extensive damage —still readable. Azara (1746-1811) was a Spanish military engineer, explorer, anthropologist, and cartographer; in 1781 he was commissioned to survey the boundaries between Spain and Portugal in South America, staying for 20 years. As a naturalist, he wrote observations on the flora and fauna of the region along the border of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. His most valued book is Voyages dans l’Amérique Méridionale depuis 1781 jusqu’en 1801 (1809), which contains a geographic, political, and historical description of Paraguay and of the River Plate countries, the history of the conquest and the Jesuit establishments in the region, and the ethnography of the people who inhabit them. Azara was very interested in the role played by the Jesuits, their influence, foundations of towns, Reductions, and teaching of the natives. Overall, he is amongst the most qualified writers on the history, costumes, manners and history of Argentina and Paraguay. This manuscript constitutes a valuable link to his observations and experiences, as well as to the history of the limits between Portuguese and Spanish possessions in South America. hs rare books & maps

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It begins with a note of presentation to the other comissaries appointed for the demarcation of limits “Traslado a V.S. antecedente resolucion para su inteligencia y de los demas Comisarios de la Demarcacion de Limites… Montevideo 14 de Oct[ubre] de 1782. Don Juan Jph de Vertiz. Al Capitan de Navio Don Jsp Varela”. It offers a broad survey of the region between Buenos Aires and Asuncion. His interesting observations of every day encounters were of great geographical value at the time —including distance travelled by horse and foot—, as well as its indigenous population, wildlife and natural history. His observations also relate to the defense against the frequent attacks of the Indians: “Santa Fe and Vera Cruz have two parishes, one Spanish and one of natural castes. From the priest I know that there are 1,500 souls of Spanish descent and that Santa Fe could have 5,000 souls. In my review and inspection of the militia, this year there were 270 armed men, as part of the troops that fought against the frequent invasion of Indians from El Chaco” (p. 15). And way of life: “On the ravine, past the river, sits the well situated town of Santa Lucia with a brick church, which has a good position in the town. There are thirty five indian families mainly ‘Avipones’, the women spin the thread and the men weave. The town has three estancias (ranches) with twelve thousand cattle heads; those that they do not consume are sold to the Paraguayan and Guarani missions. They live as a community and a Franciscan helps on the spiritual aspects of life. He has requested that the Indians be distributed so they might live like the Spanish.” (p. 29). Although no date of completion of the manuscript is given, one part –relating to the boundaries- is dated October 1782; and on pp. 45, Azara refers to a happening in 1784, allowing us to date it after that. It is a working manuscript, containing different types of paper, sizes, and ink; thus very likely his working manuscript during the journey. We have been unable to find any references to this manuscript, as such, it is a unique source of fresh information on Azara s exploration. [ 20 ]

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palau, 20990, (azara, felix de, viajes ineditos de d. felix de azara desde santa fe a la asuncion, al interior del paraguay; buenos aires, 1873). descripcion o historia del paraguay (madrid, 1847), earlier published as voyages dans l’amerique meridionale, 1809 (palau, 20975).

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7. Dutch struggle for Brazil Official account of the Dutch raid of Bahia, with a combined force of French soldiers, and natives [brazil]. Relacion de la Vitoria sue alcanzaron las armas Catolicas en la Baia de Todos Santos, contra Olandeses, sue fueron a sitar aquella Plaza, en 14 de Junio de 1638. Siendo Governador del Estado del Brasil Pedro de Silva. 1638. Madrid. 1638. Francisco Martinez. In folio (288 mm x 210 mm). 6 ff. Unbound. Some light foxing, wide margins, strong impression, excellent example. First edition. A rare and first-hand source of information on the events of the 14 June, 1638, when a combined force of Dutch, French, and recruited natives attacked the Spanish/Portuguese city of Bahia. Dutch interest in Brazil —and particularly Bahia— was cause of several incursions, as it stood as the centre of the economic power in Portuguese Brazil. The imprint starts by condemning the French and the Dutch for their greed and obstination, in joining forces with Heretics and Turks, to conquer Spanish overseas possessions. Silva, aware of Dutch presence nearby, expected the pending attack on Bahia, which was part of a larger group of actions beginning on May; Count Bagnuoli, appointed by Governor Pedro de Silva, victoriously rejected the attack. “Official account of the Dutch and French Expedition of 1,600 men against the Spanish in Bahia, in which the Spanish, under the governor Don Pedro de Silva were successful, the Dutch being driven off. The Dutch had made the River S. Francisco, midway between Bahia and Pernambuco, their base… this expedition being undertaken to recapture the city” (Maggs, 211, 1926). “The Dutch had held Pernambuco and Bahia, but having lost the latter organized this expedition of 1,600 men for its recapture. It was made from their base on the River S. Francisca” (Lathrop Harper, 166-721, 1943). [ 22 ]

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Exceedingly rare, no copy has sold at auction since 1966. “This Relacion is very rare and frequently quoted” (Borba de Moraes). Only one copy in public institutions in Spain of this edition, and one of the Valencia edition (Salva, 3374, only 44 ff.]. borba de moraes, 721 (reproduced on pp. 722). medina, BHA, 983. sabin, 69187. alden, European Americana, 638/95. hs rare books & maps

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8. The shipwreck of the Belem, and the journey along the western coast of Africa with Father Lobo, carrying news from Ethiopia cabreyra, joseph de. Naufragio da Nao N. Senhora de Belem feyto na terra do Natal no cabo de Boa Esperanza, & varios sucesos, que nella passou a India no anno de 1633. 1636 [18th century]. Lisbon. Lourenzo Craesbeeck [Antonio Pedro Galrao]. In 8vo (190 mm x 140 mm). 69 pp. + 1 ff. Full contemporary style calf by Imperio Graça, raised bands to spine, tolled in gilt, red lettering piece. Excellent copy, fresh and clean, with only minor scattered foxing spots. First edition, second issue. Cabreyra (d. 1638) was Captain of the Nossa Senhora de Belem, which wrecked off the coast of the Cape of Good Hope in 1635 whilst returning to Portugal from India. The shipwreck news was widespread, not only for the losses, but for it carried a famous passenger: Jesuit Father Jerome Lobo, who after spending over 9 nine years in Abyssinia was returning to Europe; Lobo is the author of “A short relation of the River Nile, of its source and current” and was coming to report on the failure of the Ethiopian mission and the expulsion of the missionaries. The work narrates the events prior to the event, the hardships, and arrangements carried out by Cabreyra following the shipwreck: the building of smaller vessels to carry the survivals, securing the provisions and the dispatches from the King of Portugal, the journey along the western coast of Africa towards Angola —where the nearest Portuguese port was— amongst other interesting affairs. Another edition was also published in 1636 by Craesbeck, with a different collation, priority between both hasn t be established; this work was later included by Brito in the Historia Tragico-Maritima. Extremely rare, no copies have appeared at auction in the last 50 years. mendelssohn, pp. 242. payans martins, livros clandestinos e contrafaccones, pp. 227. hs rare books & maps

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9. Amongst the first Spanish iconographic renderings of the Ottomans. A unique album of Turkish costumes, signed by one of the artists of the Malaspina expedition cardero, jose. Album of original drawings of Turkish costumes. 1785. N.p. [Istanbul or Madrid]. In folio (370 mm x 255 mm). 1 [blank except from ownership inscription] + 25 ff. with drawings + 1 [blank]. Contemporary Spanish calf, spine tolled in gilt with simple flowery pattern, head and foot with tiny loss. Each drawing mounted on a larger leave, done at the time of binding, possibly contemporary or late 18th century. A splendid album by all accounts, signed and dated by the artist, with original artwork, and historically significant. Joseph Cardero made the album during his stay in Istanbul, as part of the first Embassy sent by the Spanish Crown to the Ottoman Empire. Spain had been in a virtual state of war with the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century, thus, virtually no contact between them had occurred. For the first time, by the 18th century, both powers signed a peace treatise called the Treatise of Constantinople (1782); its aim was peace, amity, and commerce. As per its political significance, it may be regarded as the greatest external affair s achievement of King Charles III. By 1784, the King ordered an Embassy to visit the Turkish capital, and Commander Don Gabriel Aristizabal (1743-1805) was appointed as its leader; in 1790 a work narrating the journey was published under the title Viage a Constantinopla. This embassy is important for two reasons, it was to open the Levant for commerce with Spain, and it would be the first recognizance by the Spanish of the Ottoman Empire. Aristizabal presented to the King himself a relation of what he had seen on the embassy. Cardero (1766-1811) was a Spanish draughtsman, artist, explorer and mapmaker; by 1785 he was working in Valetta (Malta), probably when the expeditionary embassy recruited him, to travel to the Mediterranean. Very little is known about him from his early years, hs rare books & maps

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however this album shows an artistic skill that would soon gain him a position as draughtsman in the expedition lead by Malaspina, in 1789. Cardero was appointed by Malaspina to be one of the official artists of the expedition. After travelling to Alaska, he was assigned to accompany Valdés and Galiano during their circumnavigation of Vancouver Island —getting to work with Vancouver himself. During the voyage, Cardero produced charts based on survey sketches and composed numerous drawings and watercolours of the region’s dramatic scenery. Subsequently, many of Cardero’s artworks formed the basis for the grand paintings of Fernando Brambila. Iconographically, the album has the virtue of being absolutely original artwork, and amongst the first Spanish artistic rendering of Turkish costumes, manners, dressing, and religious attires. Composed of 25 drawings, each mounted on a larger heavy-laid paper; each drawing is contained within a double frame in red and yellow, numbered at the upper right corner and captioned in Spanish with the title or identification of the person portrayed —actually, his position or what he represents. Most of the drawings —all clearly by the same hand- are dated and signed “Josef Cardero”. The drawings are entitled: Gran Señor, Gran Visir, Legista, Gefa de los Sultanes, Sultana, Capitan Baxa, Henuco Negro (black eunuch), Reis effendi o Ministro de Estado, Primer Dragoman de la Puerta, Porta sable, Turca en casa, Asistenta de un baño, Turca en la calle, Turca de espaldas, Griega en la calle, Ranca (the one on a different paper, with a different frame and more stylish, possibly a proof for a new presentation album), Coronel de Genisaros, Genisaro, Oficial de Aguadores, Vostanchi, Turco, ff. 23 unnamed (a prisoner being punished), Hebrea en la calle, Hebreo en la calle. The rarity of the album is considerable, it is unrecorded and an unprecedented new link to Ottoman s iconography. Extensive collections such as Blackmer s counted only 14 such albums, and only one from the 18th century. The collection of Selfik Atabey had as well only one 18th century costumes album. [ 28 ]

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10. The most extensive work on Columbus inheritance claims, including his two wills

[columbus, christopher]. Memorial Ajustado, hecho de orden del Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias… en el pleyto… por el Señor Don Mariano Colon de Larreategui… y Don Pasqual Benito Belbis de Moncada… Con Don Jacobo Stuard Colon de Portugal, Duque de Veragua… sobre la propiedad del Mayorazgo que fundo D. Christoval Colon, primer desubridor, y Almirante de las Indias. N.d. [1788]. N.p. [Madrid]. In 4to (270 mm x 188 mm). 1 ff. + 387 + 1 ff. + folding table. Contemporary calf, gilt fillets to boards, spine with raised bands, red morocco lettering piece, and simple tooling; overall lightly rubbed, specially at head and foot of spine. Excellent copy, only the most insignificant foxing spots; else perfect. First edition. The most comprehensive collection of document pertaining to the trial initiated by Columbus heirs against the Spanish Crown —and between themselves— in regards to his inheritance, and the contract signed prior to the discovery of America. The lawsuit began shortly after the male line disappeared, following the death of the last descendant in 1578; what followed was one of the longest trials in history. “Diego Columbus, the great-grandson of Christopher, died in 1578, and with him the male line became extinct, thus beginning one of the most famous lawsuits of History.” (Maggs). The volume contains interesting documents as Columbus two wills, and a folding genealogical table of the family. Signers of the documents and petitioners include Mariano Colon de Larreategui, Pasqual Benito Belbis de Moncada, Juan de la Cruz, Jacobo Stuard Colon de Portugal, Duque de Veragua, Carlos FitzJames y Colon, Carlota Stolberg, and others. The work is dated at the end, Madrid, January 1788, signed by Joaquin Caudevilla y Escudero and other lawyers. [ 30 ]

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Extremely rare, no copies have appeared at auction for 50 years; unknown to Sabin, and no copies are found in Spanish libraries. maggs, catalogue vi, 75, 1927 (this copy). not in sabin.

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11. The oldest and most reliable history on the Philippine southern Islands, the strikingly rare first edition

combes, francisco. Historia de las islas de Mindanao, Jolo, y sus adyacentes. 1667. Madrid. Herederos de Pablo del Val. In folio. 12 ff. + 567 + 3 ff. Contemporary vellum, lightly soiled, else fine. Title page with mainly marginal restoration affecting a few letters, some foxing spots but generally a very fresh and clean copy. First edition. Combes is one of the most important works on the Philippine Islands of the 17th century. “Con la rareza, que es mucha, de esta obra magistral, compite su importancia, es la más antigua y circunstanciada historia de las islas del sur [its rarity, which is considerable, of this magistral work, competes with its importance, it is the oldest and most reliable history of the islands of the south]” (Retana). Combes (1620-1665) was a Spanish missionary and traveller, born in Zaragoza; in 1640 he travelled to the Philippines where he stayed for 25 years, allowing him to get well acquainted with the natives, their social and cultural ways, the geographical reality, progress of the discoveries, settlements, and history. His position allowed ground knowledge of the real problems and virtues of the population, which he reflects throughout the work, especially referring to the Negritos. Death found him in Acapulco, en route back to Spain. “This History has always been considered one of the most valuable pearls of Phillipine literature, for Combes was an uncommonly intelligent observer who personally visited most of the localities which he describes, while occupying himself a high position in his order, so that he not only wrote but made history. His book and that of Forrest were made up to the time of Semper’s travels, the authorities followed by all geographers. It is improbable that more than a few ever saw Combes’ original, of which, in all Middle Europe, only one example is to be [ 32 ]

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found (Chamisso’s copy given to the Prussian State Library in Berlin). Especially interesting are the notes on the Negritos, showing that two hundred years ago they were comparatively common in localities in Mindanao, where they have now entirely disappeared. “The zoologist, too, will be interested in Combes’ statement that wild elephants were then to be found in the Islands.” —Translation from Blumentritt.” (Maggs, 1926, 4348). “Obra bien trabajada y clásica por excelencia” (Palau). It contains some of the first ethnographical descriptions of its inhabitants, as well as comments on the native tongs and costumes. Of extreme rarity in the market, only one copy in the market in the last 30 years according to AE. Retana had a reprint made, out of the great scarcity and importance. palau, 57910. medina, filipinas, 193. retana, 15. hs rare books & maps

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12. Exceedingly rare colonial travel-guide, describing the route from Buenos Aires to Lima

[concolorcorvo] [carrió de la vandera, don alonso]. El Lazarillo de ciegos caminantes desde Buenos-Ayres, hasta Lima con sus Itenerarios según la mas puntual observación, con algunas noticias útiles a los nuevos comerciantes que tratan en Mulas; y otras históricas. 1773. Gijon [but Lima]. Imprenta de la Rovada [n.p.]. In 8vo. Recent stiff vellum, spine lettered in gilt, edges gilt, in a box. Single worm hole on first few leaves, a few headlines shaved, else a clean and fresh copy. First edition of the most important colonial guide of 18th century, printed in Lima, describing the route from Buenos Aires to Lima; a very curious work, with both the authorship and printers details falsified. Carrió de la Vandera was a Postal Officer for the Spanish Crown, appointed Visitor to the Mail Route from Buenos Aires to Lima in 1771, and Carlos Bustamante Inca [better known as Concolorcorvo] was the native who accompanied him on his route. The work, as the title suggests, is a guide book for travellers going from Buenos Aires to Lima, describing every post, town and stop along the road; it also narrates what was experienced and what to expect during the journey. In it, the author allows himself to criticize the Spanish colonial administration, which could cause problems for him. To avoid the unpleasantness, he attributed the authorship to the native who accompanied him. The printer’s details are also falsified, having it as printed in Gijon when in fact it was Lima, “This work bears all the marks of having been printed in Lima” (RICH, I 194). The types and style of printing are definitively from Lima (Sabin and Palau agree on it). The authorship however, took longer to determine, having been the subject of bibliographical discussion for over a century. In any [ 34 ]

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case, the authorship of the book is commonly attributed to Concolorcorvo. Very rare and important, often found severely damaged; this copy complete with the plate and remarkably well preserved considering the fate of an aid-book for travellers. palau, 37707. sabin, 9566. santos gomez, 775. medina, imprenta en lima, iii, 1354. hs rare books & maps

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13. Manuscript journal of the most famous French Pirate of all times, with the account of the taking of Rio de Janeiro du guay-trouin, rene, lieut. general. Memoires de monsieur Dugay Trouin, lieutenant général des armées navalles, commandeur de l’ordre militaire de St Louis. N.d. [ca. 1720-25]. In 4to (207 mm x 160 mm; binding 216 mm x 172 mm). 2 ff. [blank] + 1 ff. [title] + 1-99 + 1 ff. [unnumbered, but continuing text] + 100-119 [i.e. 120 ff. with the unnumbered ff.] + 1 ff. + 2 [blank]. Contemporary calf, raised bands to spine with morocco lettering piece, gilt. Manuscript in brown ink with readable penship, all by the same hand except for the last 4 pages, in a more delicate calligraphy and different ink; overall browned and with some oxidation by the ink. Exceedingly rare manuscript of Du Guay Trouin’s Memoires, the famous French corsair; amongst the most appealing privateering narratives of all times and the basis to the best seller of maritime literature of the 18th century. The memoires of the Saint-Malo corsair were published for the first time in 1730 in a “pirate” edition, followed by Mortier’s beautifully printed version. Du Guay (1673-1736), active during the last years of the 17th and beginnings of the 18th century, was one of the most famous French privateers and naval officers of his time; during his short though highly profitable life, Du Guay engaged English, Dutch and Portuguese fleets. Arguably, his most celebrated accomplishment was the defeat of the Brazilian fleet at Lisbon and the capture of Rio de Janeiro in 1711; a decade later, around 1720-1721, the first redaction of his memoires was possibly begun. Its intention was to establish the truth about the naval events occurred during his expeditions, setting forth right those by the Comte de Forbin. His retirement was almost final, with one exception, a demonstration of force in the Mediterranean in 1731, to impress Dey d’Alger. [ 36 ]

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The way it s written, with virtually no pause, shows a straightforward prose, with no corrections, nor intention to facilitate reading to a broad audience. It was written at the request of family and friends, and to be circulated amongst his most intimate circle. Furthermore, the sincerity and concern for truth latent across the memoires, not building a character but including personal details of the experiences, often not to his advantage, leads us to confirm the belief that it was not meant for publishing. Provenance: with engraved armorial bookplate of “Emmanuel Jeanbernat barthelemy Ferrari Doria”. borba de moraes, 271 (1730 edition). polak, 2855. le nepvou de carfort, “Histoire de Du Gay Trouin le corsair”, Paris, Plon, 1922 & “Du Guay Trouin, sa maison natale, Sa sepulture, Les manuscrits de ses memoires”, St. Brieuc, Paris, 1912. hs rare books & maps

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14. The defeat over the Dutch Privateer Piedepalo, off La Habana

[piracy] enrique, pedro. Relacion verdadera, y copia sacada, y embiada por un Capitan de los galeones de España; en que se declara y da cuenta de los felices sucessos, vitoria y batalla que han tenido los Galeones de Nueva España, contra veinte y seis vaxeles de Olanda, en que venia por General Piedepalo, y otro que por apellido tiene el Mulato, los mayors Corsarios que se hallan en la Mar… y ansi doy cuenta a v.m. de como en un Puerto de la Habana tuvimos felices sucesos contra la Armada enemiga. 1641. Madrid. Antonio Duplastre. In folio (290 mm x 208 mm). 2 ff. A fresh example with wide margins; upper right corner with manuscript foliation “202”. First edition. Exceedingly rare imprint on the victory of the Spanish Treasure Fleet over the Dutch vessels, commanded by corsairs Piedepalo (Admiral Piet Heyn) and Mulato. Piedepalo (1577-1629) was a Dutch admiral, sailor, and privateer, a former prisoner to the Spanish, whom he served in a galley as a slave (1598-1602); soon after his first imprisonment, the Spanish captured him again, this time off Cuba. He joined the Dutch East India Company and sailed for Asia, where he became Captain. In 1623 Piedepalo is appointed Vice-Admiral of the WIC, and soon sails for the West Indies, capturing Salvador de Bahia from the Portuguese. In 1628 he returns to the West Indies, this time in command of the fleet, his flag Captain, Lonck and Corsairs Moses Cohen Henriques; the result was the capture of the Spanish Treatuse Fleet, consisting of over 11,000,000 Guilders, this has been regarded as the Company’s greatest victory in the Caribbean. Piedepalo returned as a hero to the Netherlands, apparently in his speech he made reference to the unfairness of being catalogued a hero for such a victory and having been [ 38 ]

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ignored in previous years after actually risking his own life. This imprint narrates the less-victorious occasion, where the Spanish defeated his fleet, in what was regarded a grand victory of the Spanish Galleons over the WIC. Institutionally, we can only find the copy held at the New York Public Library, neither could we find copies held in Spain. not in medina, bha. not in sabin. not in palau. hs rare books & maps

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15. Condemning the cruelty towards the rebellious Araucanian Natives of Chile; a masterpiece poem of the 16th century

ercilla y zuñiga, alonso de. Primera, segunda y tercera parte de la Araucana. 1596. Perpiñan. Sanson Arbus. In 12mo (139 mm x 73 mm). 17 ff. + 323 + 2 ff. + 1 [blank]. Contemporary vellum, ties missing. A fine example of this rare book; only faint foxing spots, entirely genuine example. Third complete edition, comprising the three parts —the first edition, 1569, only contains the first part. The Araucana is set in 37 cantos in octavas, narrating the Spanish conquest of the Araucanian Indians, under the command of Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza (15351609), Governor of Chile and later Viceroy of Peru. It is one of most reliable sources on the conquest of the region, undisputed in its veracity and accuracy. Ercilla was well aware of the norm demanded to the chroniclers of the Indies: truth in what was seen and lived “adtestatio rei visae”. The situation in Chile demanded the expansion south, deep within land of the fierce Araucanos, who needed to be pacified. The recently appointed Viceroy of Peru sent out an expedition to do so —which lasted from 1555 until 1562—, commanded by his own son, Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza; Ercilla first heard of the expedition from Alderete whilst in England, where he was as part of the group accompanying Philip to marry Mary Tudor. Ercilla s adventurous spirit was awakened and shortly parted for Chile, participating in the young Governor s campaign against the insurgent Indians from 1557. Ercilla was apparently distressed by the cruelty and brutality employed in the conquest and warfare with the tribe, and wrote the Araucana to express his feelings. The Araucana stands as one of the earliest poems dealing with the conquest of South American natives; furthermore, it [ 40 ]

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is an early source of knowledge of the Chilean tribe, its customs, and warfare technics, as well as colonial officers posted to America. This edition is rare, with no copies having sold at auction in over 50 years. palau, 80420. salvá, 581. medina, bha, 372. hs rare books & maps

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16. Early caricature of Colombia s post-colonial life-style; by a famous Colombian artist of the 19th century

espinosa prieto, jose maria. Ba la Bola Señores. N.d. [before 1829]. Santa Fe de Bogota. 257 mm x 153 mm. Watercolor on paper. Espinosa Prieto (1796-1883) was a Colombian artist, engraver and caricaturist; his careful observation of the daily life during his youth, artistic skill, keen sense of humour and irony, facilitated his renderings of the social and political reality of Colombia during the years of the Independence and formation of the new republic. His reputation swiftly grew, mainly for his caricatures portraying the most relevant and influent men of the republican elite, as well as the local costumes and way of life of the inhabitants of Bogota. Amongst his most famous portraits are those of Simon Bolivar (1828, which gained him recognition from Bolivar himself ), Archbishop Mosquera, and Francisco de Santander. South American artists saw most of their production go into portraits, for the simple reason that it was the most sought-after sort of painting —and immediately paid by the people commissioning them—, this caricature, representing a curious aspect of the Bogota way of life is extremely rare. The Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia holds a considerable number of portraits, caricatures and miscellaneous works by him, none —to our knowledge— like this one. The drawing represents a game being played at a tavern or brothel; it is accomplished in striking colours, and shows men of civil stature, an army officer, and women. Provenance: “Ce dessin m’a eté donne à Bogota, par M le Duc de Montebello, le 13 aout 1829”; the Duke of Montebello was Louis Napoleon Lannes (1801-1874), sent to Bogota in 1829 by King Charles X of France on a diplomatic mission attempting to convert the Liberator Simon Bolivar into King Simon I, through marriage to a French Princess. hs rare books & maps

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17. Contemporary coloured Spanish maps of Peruvian cities

feijoo de sosa, miguel. Relacion descriptiva de la ciudad, y Provincia de Truxillo del Peru con noticias exactas de su estado politico. 1763. Madrid. Imprenta del Real y Supremo Consejo de Indias. In folio (290 mm x 200 mm). 1 [blank] + 5 ff. + frontispiece + 164 + 1 [blank] + 3 folding maps. Contemporary vellum in its entirely genuine condition, slightly soiled. Striking copy with all of its margins and the maps in colour. First edition. A rare description of the city of Truxillo (Peru), written at the bequest of the Viceroy Conde de Superunda; it provides a comprehensive survey of the hydrography, lands, miners, riches, demographic reality, Indians, Spanish settlements, economic activities, fishing, flora and fauna, of this relevant city located in the Pacific coast. Feijoo de Sosa (1718-1791) was a Peruvian-born politician and surveyor, studied under the Jesuits at the Colegio de San Martin and later at San Marcos University. Under Viceroy Amat (1761-1776) Feijoo was instrumental for the reorganization of the colonial structure, and the seizing and expulsion of the Jesuits. A handsomely printed work, with engraved arms at head of title, portrait frontispiece of Charles III by Munquia and three splendid folding maps. The maps are entitled “Prespectiva y demarcacion del territorio de la Ciudad de Truxillo del Peru visto de los surgideros de Malabrigo Guanchaco Guañape”, printed in blue, “Carta Topographica de la Provincia de Truxillo del Peru con pueblos puertos haziendas confines y origen de sus Rios”, with contemporary colour, and “Descripcion del Valle del Chimo y planispherica de la Ciudad de Trugillo del Peru”; the three maps are engraved by Gonzalez. Rare, apparently printed privately for the Supremo Consejo de Indias, not meant for distribution. sabin, 24256. palau, 87210. [ 44 ]

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18. Manuscript decree from Ferdinand of Aragon ordering the expulsion of the Jews, by recommendation of the Inquisition; pre-dating the official expulsion, and one of the earliest manifestations of the Inquisition in Spain ferdinand ii of aragon. Nos Don Fernando por las gracias de Dios Rey de Castilla, de Aragon de Leon… Atendiendo e considerando que por parte d elos devotos padres Inquisidores de la heretica pravidad nos ha seydo hecha relacion que algunos Judios por temporadas van a habitar e morar al lugar de Cella aldea de Teruel no haviendo en el dicho lugar Juderia ni apartado donde los dichos Judios esten e habiten sino con los Christianos… todos los Judios que vinen e moran en el dicho logar de Cella se vayan. 15 December 1484. Seville. One leaf in large folio. Seal on back faded, folded, minor oxidation, away from text. The decree orders the expulsion from the town of Cella (Aragon) of the Jews living there, providing as reasons the advice of the Inquisition and the lack of suitable Juderias to place the Jews in —thus avoiding contact with Christians. Manuscripts signed by Ferdinand of Aragon are scarce, one ordering the expulsion of the Jewish is remarkable; probably one of the most significant events during the reign of the Catholic Kings —along with funding Columbus expedition and reconquering Granada— was the expulsion of the Jewish from Spanish territory in 1492. The decision was not reached overnight, it responded to a century of conflictive relationship with the Christians, and a tolerance policy from the Government. By the last quarter of the 15th century, the official policy in Spain was “tolerance” towards the Jewish, another way to say that the religion was not against the law, and although not their first choice —and frowned upon—, permitted or suffered. Religious freedom was evidently not the goal; in fact, the search for converse Jews still in practice of their rituals became a focus for the administration, giving birth to the Inquisition, with Tomas de Torquemada at its head. Torquemada draft[ 46 ]

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ed himself the rules for the Inquisition, and assisted in the project that would lead to the “Edicto de Granada” in 1492, expelling the Jews from all the territories under the Catholic King s rule. The manuscript is probably one of the earliest episodes denoting the Crown s political disposition towards the Jews, and a fundamental link to the Inquisition s influence over the Crown. As evidenced by the beginning of the decree “Atendiendo e considerando que por parte d elos devotos padres Inquisidores…” the Inquisition s growing influence (only established in 1478 in Castille and in 1483 in Aragon) was already paramount. The town of Cella (Teruel, Aragon) was granted its status by King James I; it was the refuge of the Inquisition of Teruel. Its head inquisitor was Pedro de Arbues (1441-1485), appointed Inquisitor of Aragon by Tomas de Torquemada, General Inquisitor. Under Arbues, the converses were persecuted and some condemned as per their continuing practice of the Jewish rites. In 1485 eight people entered the church where Inquisitor Arbues was in prayer, they crowd stabbed him, and as result he died of his wounds a few days later. The result of the plot was the sentencing and execution of several Jewish people, followed by the persecution of the most important Jewish families of Aragon, virtually exterminating Jewish influence in the Kingdom. hs rare books & maps

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19. The first lithographic album of Buenos Aires and the outskirts

[ibarra, gregorio] [colección de escenas y vistas del país]. N.d. [ca. 1839]. Buenos Aires. Litografía Argentina de Ibarra. In folio (530 mm x 340 mm). 13 lithographed plates in 12 sheets. Modern half dark chagrin. Fine copy, two plates backed with tissue for preservation, wide margins; the view of Buenos Aires cropped to and inside neat lines —as usual—, insignificant soiling. First edition. Ibarra s compilation of scenes from Buenos Aires and the outskirts is the first lithographic album fully produced in Argentina; it is composed of 11 or 13 lithographs —as this one—, depicting a wide range of subjects. It is an invaluable artistic memory of the first half of the 19th century, as well as significant to the history of the lithographic presses of South America. “Esta serie de la Litografía Argentina de Gregorio Ibarra, la integraron las cinco láminas que se describen, bajo los n.°… y las siguientes litografías de Morel” (Moores), with this, Moores attributes the authorship of the largest plates to Carlos Morel (1813-1894). The rest are attributed to Daufresne, and they represent city views (Cabildo and the Recoba Viejo), they are also considerably smaller. The views are: Vista de Buenos Ayres, Cabildo, Recoba Vieja, Indios Pampas, Casique Pampa y su Muger, Gaucho y sus Armas, Gaucho en trage de pueblo, Una hora antes de partir, El tambo en la rivera, La familia del gaucho & La Media Caña. Provenance: an association copy, manuscript inscription from Francisco Ibarra (Ibarra’s son) to Don Francisco A. Berra, and says “Para mi tiene esta colección un doble valor, por haber sido mi querido padre quien la dibujó copiando del natural.” del carril, “monumenta iconografica”, i, 60. moores, “estampas y vistas de la ciudad de buenos aires”, 112-115. not in sabin. [ 48 ]

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20. Moors ordered expelled from Spain; Linschoten’s translation into Dutch

philip iii, king of spain; linschoten, jan huygen van. Missive ofte placcaet van den Coninck van Spangien ghesonden aenden Hartoch van Lerma, aengaende het bannen ende verjaghen van de Moriscos, dat zijn de oude Landtsaten vant Coninckrijk van Valencien in Spangien. 1609. Meyn. Enkhuizen, J. Lenaertsz. In 4to (190 mm x 142 mm). 6 pp. Modern boards. A very good copy, only scattered foxing. First Dutch translation. In 1609 king Philip III ordered the expulsion of the Spanish Moriscos (Spanish Muslim’s converted into Christianity). The order was based on a multiplicity of factors: despite the conversion into Christianity, the Moriscos were still an un-integrated social group, of over 350,000 people, their religious practices were still alive, although in secret, overall, they never assimilated into the Spanish communities; the moors from the kingdom of Valencia still kept their language; the repeated incursions from pirates of the Berberia; the fear of a possible collaboration between the Moors and the Ottoman Empire, not only of an invasion, but their security in the Mediterranean; furthermore, this would mean the culmination of the homogenizer process began with the expulsion of the Jewish. The adoption of the order was gradual and not simultaneous, first executed in Valencia, then Andalucia, and so forth. The measure would ultimately collaborate to the decline of the Spanish empire, as the 12 Year’s Truce turned their military contest with Spain into an economic one. This is Van Linschoten’s translation of the proclamation; it gives reasons for the decision, and provides the Duke of Lerma free reign to carry out the expulsion by whatever means they see fit, confiscate lands and goods, and to set an example for all sympathetic to the Moors. tiele, pamfletten, 790. hs rare books & maps

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21. Requested by Hakluyt, the first English edition of Lopes & Pigafetta’s work on Congo, with a fine Provenance

lopes, duarte; pigafetta, filippo. A Report Of The Kindgome of Congo, a Region of Africa. And of the Countries that border rounde about the same. 1597. London. John Wolfe. In 4to (193 mm x 140 mm). 10 ff. + 1 (blank) + 1 ff. (second title, no coat of arms on verso) + 218 + 1 ff. + 3 maps, two joined (all folding) & 10 full page woodcuts. Turn of the 19th century polished calf, double gilt fillet to boards, gilt supralibros with the device of the Society of Writers to Her Majesty’s Signet, raised bands to spine, compartments tooled in gilt with geometrical pattern, dark lettering piece; head of spine restored with some loss, bumped and darkened, however still an attractive armorial binding. Rather uniformly toned, partly soiled, minor foxing, second title with cockling to lower inner corner; maps with folds issues as always, some darkening along middle fold to one. First English edition. Lopes was a Portuguese merchant and explorer, from 1578 he engaged in commerce mostly in the Kingdom of Congo and Angola; after a several year s stay, and following the decease of his predecessor Sebastian da Costa, Lopes is sent out by the King of Congo, Dom Alvaro I, to an audience with the Spanish king Philip II —aiming to secure commerce and to discuss mining prospects— and the Pope; this ambassadorial appointment cost him over a decade, a failed audience with the Pope —during which the need for missionaries was to be stressed out—, but gained him a meeting with Filippo Pigafetta (1533-1604), the Italian humanist and explorer. Pigafetta published what he had heard from Lopes in 1591, and the work became instantly a best seller. Lopes description of the Congo is one of the most reliable sources of information on 16th century Congo and current Angola. [ 52 ]

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Amongst other subjects, the work includes tales of the African Amazons and the cannibalistic Anzique tribe, provides the reader with a description of the terrain and its extension, plus the visual aid of the plates depicting Africans in local costumes. The maps, often bound separately, are here joined; cartographically, they represent one of the finest cartographic renderings of the region. The first edition was published in 1591 in Italian, under the title Relatione del reame di Congo: the work became famous and popular, and shortly after Richard Hakluyt requested this English translation, printed by Wolfe. A second English edition was included in Purchas his Pilgrimes (1625). A Latin edition was published as volume I in De Bry’s “Small Voyages”, (the first volume prepared for the series, intended to promote interest and become a commercial success). Hardly ever complete, it is supposed to bear two titles with minor differences; this copy is complete with both titles and epistle. This English translation is rare; we are able to locate only a few copies sold at auction in the last 30 years, namely that of the Macclesfield North Library and another imperfect copy. Institutionally, apparently only a handful of copies are to be found, with the British Library copy wanting the maps. Provenance: gilt supralibros with the device of the Society of Writers to Her Majesty’s Signet; ownership inscription at the end of the epistle dedicatory from Reverend Wiliam Cole, 1745; John Ralph Willis’ bookplate, the eminent African and Near Eastern scholar. cox i, p. 354. stc, 16805. hs rare books & maps

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22. The Havana by a Spanish mapmaker, in contemporary color

lopez de vargas machuca, tomas; jefferys, thomas. Plano de la Ciudad y Puerto de la Havana. 1785. Madrid. Contemporary color; wide margins and striking impression, a virtually flawless copy. 355 mm x 375 mm. Striking copy, in contemporary color, of a rare Spanish-made and separately published map of La Havana; it is based on the maps concocted by Jefferys and Bellin, and also from Spanish sources, although without pointing them out specifically —possibly due to the secrecy policy reigning at the time. Two numbered keys address individually the port and the city of Habana, providing the viewer with a perspective of what the important city looked like during the 18th century. Oriented with north to the left, with soundings shown in fathoms. Spanish separately issued maps from the 18th century are rare, not many were published due to the secrecy policy of the Spanish Crown; to see them in contemporary color, almost impossible. Tomas Lopez (1731-1802) was one of the foremost Spanish mapmakers and publishers of the 18th century; he studied under Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville in Paris, until returning to Madrid in 1760, when became Royal Geographer to King Charles III. His position gained him access to otherwise inaccessible sources of information, manuscript charts, recent geographical discoveries, and engineering labors altering the geographical reality of a region, guaranteeing his maps as the most up-to-date published in Spain. Advertisement note found at bottom margin “Se hallará en Madrid, con todas las obras del Autor y las de su Hijo, en la calle de Atocha, frente de la Aduana vieja.” tooley, dictionary of mapmakers, 174. we could find copies at harvard and library of congress. [ 56 ]

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23. The valley of Mexico, utilizing the latest cartographical knowledge of the Spanish Crown s mapmaker

lopez de vargas machuca, juan; siguenza, carlos de. Mapa de las cercanias de Mexico, que comprehende todos sus lugares y rios; las lagunas de Tescuco, Chalco, Xochimilco, Sn. Christobal, Zumpango y Oculma. 1785. Madrid. Wide margins, strong impression; a virtually flawless copy. 375 mm x 400 mm. Amongst the rarest maps of the City of Mexico, separately published, showing the greater area of Mexico City: with the lake system and hydrography of the Valley of Mexico at the date of survey, the direction of the flow of water northwards from Lake Chalco and Xochimilco to Lake Texcoco, and thence via Lake Zumpango and the new tunnel-cum-cutting to the Rio de Tula. At the top of the map, a simple title cartouche, and an explanatory map of the creation of the map and the geographical location of the Valley; without intending to attribute authorship to himself, Lopez clearly states it was on the manuscript by Carlos de Siguenza, the many corrections by Joseph de Alzate y Ramirez, and observations of the map made by Clavigero. This map is particularly important, as it portrays the engineering labors undertaken by the Mexican colonial authorities to improve the hydrography of the Valley and to prevent further flooding’s. Juan Lopez was the son of Tomaz López; and —along with his father and Tofiño de San Miguel— amongst the foremost Spanish mapmakers of the 18th century. From a young age he worked with his father, who made a career making and publishing maps, in a period when the secrecy policy on cartographical evolution —especially in the colonies— was still an issue, and access to information was restricted to authorities. After his father’s death he published the “Atlas Geográfico de Espana” —the first of its kind— and became Royal [ 58 ]

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Geographer to the King of Spain. His position, as well as his father s before him, gained him access to otherwise inaccessible sources of information (manuscript charts, recent geographical discoveries, and engineering labors altering the geographical reality of a region), guaranteeing his maps as the culmination of the Spanish cartographic knowledge. Advertisement note found at bottom margin “Se hallará en Madrid, con todas las obras del Autor y las de su Hijo, en la calle de Atocha, frente de la Aduana vieja.” hs rare books & maps

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24. Contributing to a very short list of cartographic renderings of the Ecuadorian Capital City

lopez de vargas machuca, tomas. Plano De La Ciudad De Quito. 1786. Madrid. Striking impression, on strong paper, wide margins and striking impression, a virtually flawless copy. 355 mm x 390 mm. An excellent separately published map of Quito, closely following the design by Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa —published at the Viage a la America Meridional, however slightly different; an extensive numbered key dominates the map, and shows the city centered at the main square with a good projection of the outskirts. Tomas Lopez (1731-1802) was one of the foremost Spanish mapmakers and publishers of the 18th century; he studied under Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville in Paris, until returning to Madrid in 1760, when became Royal Geographer to King Charles III. His position gained him access to otherwise inaccessible sources of information, manuscript charts, recent geographical discoveries, and engineering labors altering the geographical reality of a region, guaranteeing his maps as the most up-to-date published in Spain. Advertisement note found at bottom margin “Se hallará en Madrid, con todas las obras del Autor y las de su Hijo, en la calle de Atocha, frente de la Aduana vieja.” tooley, dictionary of mapmakers, 154.

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25. Rare broadside designed for luring capital for Law s Mississippi Company; a rare description of Louisiana

[louisiana]. Geographische Beschreibung der Provinz Louisiana, in Canada, von dem Flus S. Lorenz bis an den Ausfluss des Flusses Missisipi; samt einem kurzen Bericht von dem ietzo florirenden Actien-Handel. [Nuremberg]. N.d. [c. 1720]. Broadside in folio & double , remarkably well preserved; the map in contemporary color, excellent condition. Extremely rare promotional German broadsheet on Louisiana, prepared to encourage sales of shares of Law’s Mississippi Company. It deals synthetically with the history and colonization of Louisiana, its fauna and flora, natural resources, current affairs, potential, etc., the overall information required to capture an investor’s attention. For the 18th century, the promise of a fertile land and developing region in the New World was still an issue, specially when concerning attracting capital investment. Considerably rare, we could only find one copy, sold at the Streeter sale, 1966, for 1,300 u$s; according to his note his copy was acquired from Lathrop Harper in 1945. The broadside seems to be related to the Historische und Geographische beschreibung des an dem grossen Flusse Mississippi in Nord America gelegenen herrlichen Landes Louisiana. “This very rare German tract was issued to encourage sales in Germany of shares in Mr. Law’s Mississippi Company. It is closely printed and the text would fill some twenty octavo pages. The map is based on the Delisle map of Louisiana of 1718.” (Streeter). This example is a variant, with the text rearranged, although we have found no bibliographical references to explain the differences; paragraphs begin and end with different wording. The map, based on De L’Isle’s seminal map, provides a detailed view [ 62 ]

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of the Gulf region and the Mississippi, and the exploration routes of De Soto, Cavelier, Tonty, Moscoso and Denis. alden-l, 720/102. not in sabin. hs rare books & maps

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26. The best geographical description of the Chaco Region, South of Brazil and North of Argentina

lozano, pedro; machoni, antonio. Descripcion chorographica del Terreno, Rios, Arboles y Animales de las dilatadissimas Provincias del Gran Chaco Gualamba. 1733. Córdoba. Colegio de la Assumpcion por Joseph Balbás. In 4to (196 mm x 142 mm). 1 [blank] + 10 ff. + 485 + 5 pp. + 1 [blank]. Contemporary vellum, spine lettered in ink, minor soiling, entirely genuine condition. A fine copy, with only minor restoration to a map tear, as often; scattered foxing. Rare first edition; an uncommon production of the Jesuits posted in Paraguay. The work deals with the geography, terrain, hydrographical reality —rivers and fluvial conditions—, fauna, flora —specially its medicinal plants—, and inhabitants, discussing the Indian customs and missionary activities. Illustrated with a map, which covers the entirety of the Province, locating the Guarani reductions and Indian villages. The map is owed to Antonio Machoni (1671-1753) a scholar, cartographer and Jesuit missionary. He participated in the Governor of Tucuman, Esteban de Urizar s expedition to the Chaco in 1708; his position granted him access to Jesuit sources of information, mainly other missionary s observations. Lozano (1697-1752) was a Jesuit Priest, missionary, adventurer, and historian; when only 17 he travelled to Paraguay, studied at the Colegio Máximo de Córdoba, eventually teaching philosophy, theology and appointed chronicler of the Province of Paraguay of the Society of Jesus. As chronicler, Lozano authored three major works: this one, the Historia de [ 64 ]

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la Compañía de Jesús en la Provincia del Paraguay, and one unpublished until the 19th century Historia de las Guerras del Paraguay. Very rare, only two copies have appeared at auction in the last 30 years. medina, 2890. palau, 142967. sabin, 42598. medina, iv, 2890. sommervogel, v, 130. hs rare books & maps

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27. The only work on an extinct South American language

machoni, antonio de cerdeña. Arte, y Vocabulario de la lengua Lule, y Tonocote. 1732. Madrid. Heirs of Juan Garcia Infanzon. In 12mo (150 mm x 102 mm). 18 ff. + 97 + 135 + 17 + 1 pp. Old flexible vellum, spine lettered in ink. Remarkably clean and fresh copy, except from light damp stainig, in its entirely genuine condition. First edition. One of the rarest books of its kind, and the only ever made on the Lule and Tonocote languages. The Arte is the first, and almost only reliable source of what we know on the now extinct Lule language, spoken at the mission of San Esteban de Miraflores, in current northern Argentina; it is a grammar, dictionary, and catechism, meant for the use of missionaries, facilitating the communication and ultimately the evangelizing of the native population. Antonio Machoni (1671-1753) was a Jesuit missionary to the Paraguayan Missions, linguist, ethnographer, educator, cartographer, and explorer. Machoni dedicated his life to working at the missions in Paraguay; he joined 1708 Esteban de Urizar s expedition to the Chaco in 1708, founded the mission of San Esteban de Miraflores, taught at the Colegio Maximo de Cordoba, and served as Procurator to the Province in Rome from 1732-33. His legacy includes also the Las siete estrellas de la mano de Jesus (1731), and a map of the Jesuit Province, pointing out the Missions and geographical reality of the region. Death found him in Argentina, in 1753, where he had spent most of his life. This copy contains a Licencia not called for in Medina, and not found in most copies, dated 25 november 1732. No copy has ever been offered at auction, except this one, according to AE. european americana 732/150. medina, bha, 2844. palau, 146154 (“obra buscada y rara actualmente”). sabin, 43315. hs rare books & maps

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28. Eighteenth-century manuscript map of Lima,

signed by the artist, and in contemporary color [lima] martorell, ignacio. Plano de la Ciudad de los Reyes, o Lima Capital del Reino de Peru. N.d. [ca. 1780]. [Lima]. Fine pen and ink, manuscript map with wash color, drawn on laid, watermarked paper. 365 mm x 481 mm. Magnificent manuscript cartographic rendering of Lima, executed in pen and ink, with absolutely contemporary wash color; comprises the entire city, as well as the outskirts, allowing a clear view of the appearance of the city in the 18th century. Although undated, we can establish it s date in the later decades of the 18th century, both for it s maker and his participation in the towers of the Cathedral of Lima. North is oriented to the upper left. A numbered key identifies 70 locations within the walled city (churches, hospitals, chapels, the bridge, parishes); a further numbered key points out 14 additional locations (gates, and locations outside the city). Cartographically, the map resembles the one printed by Jacques Nicolas Bellin, however this is far superior, clearly having made use of more updated sources of information. Martorell (d. 1835 - Lima) was born in Catalonia, although he apparently spent most of his life in Peru: first under Spanish rule, and later during the Republic. As an architect, he can be defined as a neoclassicist. Amongst his most illustrious legacies are the Towers of the Cathedral of Lima. “Identica trascendencia tuvieron las torres (c. 17961800) para la arquitectura local, previa modificacion del aspecto que inicialmente les habia otorgado Martorell” (Kusunoki Rodriguez, Entre Roma clasica y Jerusalen santa: utopias urbanas en Lima ilustrada). Martorell can be named amongst the great architects active in Lima by the second half of the 18th century and beginnings of the 19th. Most of his works are not yet identified, as pointed by San Cristobal [ 68 ]

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“Habrá que investigar en lo sucesivo más ampliamente cuales fueron las obras ejecutadas por Martorell. No aparece mencionado por el Diccionario de Mendiburu”. Vargas Ugarte mentions him as having participated in the towers of the Cathedral of Arequipa as well. san cristobal, antonio, “ignacio martorell y las torres de la catedral de lima”, historica, vol. xix, n 2 (1995). hs rare books & maps

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29. The Spanish expedition to Oran, to prevent further piracy

mascarenhas, jose freire monterroio. Oran conquistado ou relacam histórica, em que se dà noticia desta Praça, da sua conquista, e da sua perda, e restauração, colhida de varios avisos [with] Oran conquistado, ou Relaçam Historica, em que se dá noticia d”esta Praça, da sua conquista, e da sua perda, e restauração, colhida de varios avisos. 1732 & 1733. Lisbon. Oficina de Pedro Ferreira Impressor da Serenissima Rainha N. S. In 4to (195 mm x 135 mm). 20 pp. + 2 ff.; 16 pp. Modern calf. Old ink manuscript foliation (“248-259”) in upper outer corner of the recto of each leaf; light toning; second part with minor worming in upper margins, affecting a few letters of text on 4 leaves; small worm traces in outer margins, negligible in first and final leaves, repaired in the other leaves, but never affecting text First editions. Rare works on the Spanish expedition against Muslim Oran (North Africa). After a survey of the history and geography of Oran (in modern Algeria), Freire de Monterroyo Mascarenhas describes the preparations for the expedition to recapture Oran, the Spanish leaders, and the Spanish naval and military attacks on sites in and around Oran in June and July 1732. The captain-general of the expedition was José Carrillo de Albornoz, first Duke of Montemar, who had fought in the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Quadruple Alliance; at this time he was viceroy of Sicily. Facing p. 20 is the plan of battle for the Spanish forces. The map on the verso shows the harbour at Oran, the town, and half a dozen fortresses surrounding it, as well as the position of the Spanish navy during the battle. The final leaf has the legend for the map on its recto, with the verso blank. Freire de Monterroyo Mascarenhas explains in the dedication that he compiled this account from many shorter accounts, [ 70 ]

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because the public was eager to learn about the reconquest. Oran (in modern Algeria, west of Algiers), which was in Spanish hands since 1509, had been captured by the Turks in 1708, while Spain was occupied with the War of the Spanish Succession. Spain held the city from 1732 until 1792, when it suffered a massively destructive earthquake and King Charles IV handed the city back to the Ottoman Empire. To find both parts together is extremely rare, especially with such fine provenance. Provenance: Dukes of Palmela library, with their monogram beneath the ducal coronet stamped in purple ink on title page. inocencio iv, 348. barbosa machado ii, 856. nuc: first part only at gu. oclc: 17589325 (first part only: columbia university, university of georgia, newberry library, london library). hs rare books & maps

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30. Brazilian Indian s conquest and conversion

[mascarenhas, jose freire de montarroio]. Os Orizes conquistados, ou noticia da conversam dos indomitos Orizes Procazes, povos habitantes, & guerreyros do Certão do Brasil, novamente reduzidos á Santa Fè Catholica, & á obediencia da Coroa Portugueza. Com a qual se descreve tambem a aspereza do sitio da sua habitação, a cegueyra da sua idolatria, & barbaridade dos seus ritos. 1716. Lisbon. Officina de Pascoal da Sylva, Impressor de Sua Magestade. In 4to (195 mm x 135 mm). 16 pp. Recent calf. Excellent condition, very clean. First edition; rare account of the 1713 campaign against the Orizes Indians (part of the Tapuya tribe), who lived southwest of San Salvador, Bahia, between the Nhamuramá and Castuca mountains. Their appearance, dress, language and customs are described, followed by a more lengthy account of the rites by which they worshipped the Curuja, a bird that attacks snakes. The author then recounts the previous relations of these Indians with the Portuguese and the methods used to subdue them. After going through a brief period of catechism, 3,700 of the Indians were baptized within 3 days. This vivid account inspired a poem by Machado de Assis in the Americanas. There were two editions of this work printed the same year, priority not firmly established. Borba de Moraes notes that there is a version of the Officina de Pascoal da Sylva edition with “povos barbaros” in the title, and another with “povos havitantes” (this one), rather more politically correct. Borba further states that it is very rare in any edition. Montarroyo Mascarenhas (1670-1760), a native of Lisbon, travelled throughout Europe to study politics and languages; after serving from 1704-1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, he began to publish the Gazeta de Lisboa, of which he remained editor for more than 40 years. [ 72 ]

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Provenance: Dukes of Palmela library, with their monogram beneath the ducal coronet stamped in purple ink on title page. not in borba de moraes, describing the galram edition only (534-5). streit iii, 1226. not in rodrigues. not in innocencio. not in sabin, bosch, or jcb, portuguese and brazilian books, all listing the galram edition. hs rare books & maps

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31. African embassy to Brazil in the 18th century

[mascarenhas, jose freire de montarroyo]. Relacam da embayxada, que o poderoso Rey de Angome Kiay Chiri Broncom, Senhor dos dilatadissimos Sertões de Guiné mandou ao Illustrissimo e Excellentissimo Senhor D. Luiz Peregrino de Ataide, Conde de Atouguia … actualmente Vice-Rey do Estado do Brasil. 1751. Lisbon. Officina de Francisco da Silva. In 4to (192 mm x 135 mm). 11 pp. Recent calf. Light browning, old foliation, else fine. First edition. The Relaçam describes the embassy sent to Bahia by the King of Angome (Guinea) to negotiate a treaty of alliance and trade with the Viceroy of Brazil. The envoys arrived at Bahia in 1750, were lodged with the Jesuits and given the treatment usually reserved for returning viceroys of India. Their appearance and costumes are described, and the fact that the ambassador refused to wear Portuguese dress to his audience is noted. The ambassador’s party performed religious rites that involved killing birds and using their blood as paint, and, since they did not indulge in alcohol, drank to the health of their king with coffee and cocoa (p. 7). “The Ambassador and his staff caused a great sensation in Bahia… The narrative of this unusual event is written with every minute detail and is very entertaining. Both editions are very rare.” (Borba de Moraes). This is one of two editions printed in the same year; precedence has not been established. There are some minor differences on the titlepage recto: no woodcut on verso, no accent on the final letter of “Angome”, “Broncom” instead of “Bronco”, amongst others. Very rare, the last copy offered at auction was 1999 (Sotheby’s, 1999, L09206-282), and no other copies appear to have come for auction ever before that. [ 74 ]

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Provenance: Dukes of Palmela library, with their monogram beneath the ducal coronet stamped in purple ink on title page. borba de moraes, 535. sabin, 45408. streit, 6165. innocencio iv, 352. cf. jcb, portuguese and brazilian books, 751/3. not in rodrigues. not in bosch or palha. hs rare books & maps

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32. The first practical treatise on navigation, with Nicolay’s map of the Atlantic incorporating rhumb lines

medina, pedro de. L’Art de naviguer. Contenant toutes les reigles, secrets, & enseignemens necessaires a la bonne navigation. 1569. Lyon. Guillaume Rouille. In 4to (238 mm x 175 mm). 4 ff. + 226 + 3 ff. + folding map. Contemporary limp vellum, possibly Spanish, ties as fragments, spine lettered in ink. A fine copy of wide margins, with light and unobtrusive damp stain to first leaves; upper right margin of title page restored without loss and away from text. Second edition in French; translated by Nicolas de Nicolai and including his famous map. The original edition was published in Valladolid in 1545 under the title Arte de Navegar. Its appearance changed the curse of navigation and redefined it in the century of discoveries (Sir Francis Drake carried a copy in his circumnavigation); it is considered the first practical treatise on navigation. Medina (14931576) was a cleric appointed cosmografo de honor in 1549 by Emperor Charles V. “[Medina], who was with Cortes, may be said to have been the founder of the literature of seamanship.” (Church, 98). Illustrated with over 80 woodcuts in text, including a World map after Appian (pp. 38), a striking image of the vessels going to the Indies (pp. 24) and most importantly the folding map of the North Atlantic. “The French edition is now considered valuable on account of its map, on which are shown names of places on the coast of North America for the first time on any published map.” (Murphy, 1654a). Medina’s map suffered alterations from it s first edition in 1545, this edition is probably the best, [ 76 ]

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the first having compass roses, realistically assisting navigation. Furthermore, it is one of the first maps to show the North Atlantic, Gulf Stream, and the trade routes to and from Spain. “The known parts of North America and the northern half of South America are depicted in surprisingly accurate form. Cartier’s incursion into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Cabot’s explorations of the eastern seaboard, and the coastal surveys of Vespucci in South America are all reflected. Europe and Western Africa are illustrated in fine engraved detail.” (Cf. Dorothy Sloan, 1989, 6-108). It was subsequently reproduced in Cortes’ Breve compendio and Medina’s Regimiento de Navegacion in 1552. Provenance: Célestins de la Sainte-Trinité de Marcoussis (inscription “Celestinorum de Marcoussiaco 1643” on title), and an old contemporary note on first blank. sabin, 47345 (for the 1554 edition). church, 98. hs rare books & maps

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33. No tax duties for bringing African slaves in the Spanish colonies to the South Sea Company

moro, gerardo. Informe en derecho sobre que la Compania de el Real Assiento d ela Gran Bretana establecida para la introduccion de Esclavos Negros en estas Indias, debe declararse libre, y exempta de la paga de los reales derechos… de alcavala en todos los Puertos, y demas lugares de America, por lo que toca a las ropas, y mercaderias de sus navios anuales. 1724. Mexico. Juan Francisco de Ortega Bonilla. In 4to. 1 ff. + 127 ff. Unbound; in a modern cloth box. Minor foxing to title page, else fine. First edition. According the treaty of Utrecht of 1713, the Spanish monarchy granted a thirty-year assiento or contract to supply 4800 slaves to the Indies colonies and 500 tons of goods per year. In this work, Moro defends the right of the English South Sea Company founded in 1711 to introduce black slaves into Spanish America without paying taxes. The Consulate of Mexico soon looked at the British traders as encroaching on their interests. To support his case, Moro argued that there was no difference between the trade in black slaves or general goods, and that therefore like the latter, the slave trade should be exempt from taxation. It has been calculated that in 25 years, 34,000 slaves were purchased by the South Sea Company, and brought to America, of which only a portion survived the perilous voyage. “A very rare and curious work” (Sabin). Moro, whose real name was Gerard More, was an Irish lawyer who practiced in Mexico. Very rare, no copy has been offered at auction, according to AE. Institutionally, we could find two copies in Spain and three in the United States. sabin, 50772. palau, 183170. medina, mexico, 2751. hs rare books & maps

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34. First printed map of Lima, very rare

mulder, joseph. Lima, Ciudad de los Reyes, Corte y Emporio del Imperio Peruano. 1688. Antwerp. Remnants of an old Library stamp on lower corner, strong impression. 550 mm x 390 mm. First edition. The map was engraved to illustrate a rare work made for the beatification of Saint Alfonso de Mogrovejo (1538-1606) by Francisco Echave y Assu, La estrella de Lima convertida en sol sobre sus tres coronas el B. Toribio Alfonso Mogrobexo. However, only a few copies of the plan appear to have been printed as the plan is almost always lacking on copies of the book. By the end of the 17th Century, Lima was an important city, both as the Capital of the Viceroyalty that controlled most of Spanish South America, and as a regional trading centre. Mulder’s spectacular delineation of Lima surrounded by coats-of-arms, portraits of Saints, and animals, is the first engraved plan of Lima. It “is the first engraved plan of Lima”, cited by Winsor. “This rare volume was unknown to Antonio,” states Sabin who did not give the location of a copy and whose collation mentions neither the engraved portrait nor the plan.” (Nebenzahl). In fact, according to Medina, only copy is known to have the map. sabin, 21765 (for the book, not mentioning the map).

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35. The third book printed in Turkey, from the first press under Islamic auspices

[muteferrika, ibrahim] krusinski, judas tadeus. Tarih-I Seyyah. 1729. Istanbul. Ibrahim Muteferrika. In 8vo (214 mm x 152 mm). 4 ff. + 99 ff. + 3 [blank]. A fine copy bound in its contemporary Turkish leather; probably the original binding. Excellent example: wide margins and overall very clean and fresh. The third book printed in Turkey —printed during the first year of the printing house. First edition. Muteferrika (1674-1745) was born near Transylvania (Kolozsvar), he was captured by the Ottomans at a young age during his appointment as diplomat; whilst in Istanbul he became familiarized with the Turkish, their language, customs and religion, and soon became fascinated, converting into Islam. Muteferrika was a learned humanist, educated in geography, astronomy, philosophy, and economy. Sultan Ahmed III gave him license to become a printer, and thus he began the first printing press of moveable Arabic type in Turkey, under Islamic auspices. The first book printed in Turkey was Vankuli s Kitab-i Lugat-i Vankuli; the second was Celebi s Tuhfet ul-Kibar fi Esfar Il-Bihar (1729). The press gave birth to 17 works, until it was discontinued in 1742. Muteferrika is regarded as one of the champions of Ottoman reform of the 18th century, and the introducer of the printing press into the Ottoman Empire. Father Krusinski (1675-1751) was a Jesuit missionary, head of the Jesuit missions to Isfahan, and diplomat of the French King to the Persian Court; during his stay in Persia he eye-witnessed the Afghan invasion of 1722, [ 82 ]

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and the slaughter of the Persian Princes. He wrote this account on his experiences during the invasion, occupation, and re-taking of the city, published in English, French and Latin. Furthermore, the work provides an overview of the historical processes of Iran, and the relations of power in the region. Muteferrika appoints himself as the translator, a fact disputed by Krusinski. backer-sommervogel, iv, 1264. hs rare books & maps

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36. Mostly unrecorded engravings made in Manila in the 18th century; News of the Philippines and Vietnam

navamuel, juan, rr. Cueba de Santo Domingo… y frutos cogidos por su meritos… ya en los nuevos Martyres de Tunkin, el venerable Padre Fray Matheo Alonso de Leciniana, y su compañero el venerable Padre Fr. Francisco Federich, del Orden de Predicadores, y de la Provincia del Santisimo Rosario de Philipinas. 1752. Madrid. Imprenta de Domingo Fernandez de Arrojo. In 8vo (206 mm x 149 mm). 1 [blank] + 16 ff. + 202 + 7 ff. + 1 [blank] + 8 plates. Contemporary vellum restored, spine lettered in ink. A fine copy, with oxidation spots to few leaves; 8 plates tipped on heavy paper interleaved in the text. First edition. A special copy of an already rare work on Tonkin and the Philippines, incorporating eight mostly unrecorded plates made in Manila; Navamuel narrates the progress the missionary activity of the Ordo Predicatorum (Dominican Order) in the East Indies, mainly in the Philippines and Vietnam. The history is given largely through the lives, work and martyrdom of Fray Saint Mateo Alonso de Leciniana and Fray Saint Francisco Gil de Federic under the reign of Trinh Doanh. Saint Leciniana (1702 - Tonkin 1745) entered the Dominican Convent of Segovia, where he resided until sent to the School of Santo Tomas (Manila), and later Tonkin. There, he learned the native’s tongue and began preaching; after being denounced, he was wounded and captured, sent to Nam-dinh and Hanoi, imprisoned and trialed, sentenced to death and executed, for not wanting to step on the cross. Saint Federic (1702 - Tonkin 1745), also of Spanish birth, asked to be allowed to travel and work in the Indies. He was sent to Luzon, were he preached to the native people of Bataan and Pangasinan, also learning their tongue; suffered a similar fait than the former, only jailed for 8 years, suffering torture and humiliation, refused being rescued by ran[ 84 ]

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som, and died after being sentenced to death. They met in jail, and died the same day, after the commutation of their death penalty was revoked. The interleaved engraved plates are remarkably rare; Lorenzo Atlas engraved them after drawings of Father Joseph Azcarate. We have not been able to locate them bibliographically except for a note by Medina, nor could we trace any copy having appeared on the market. Medina in his introduction to the seminal “La imprenta en Manila” (1896), included a short biography of the engravers of Manila; in it, he praises Lorenzo Atlas “Figura con cierto brillo relativo como artista por sus laminas del glorioso martiorio de los franciscanos en el Japon” (pp. XLIX); Atlas was responsible for the full page plate of the martyrdom [ 86 ]

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of the Saints at Japan, as well as the plate in Murillo Velarde’s work. One of the plates represents Saint Leciniana, and mentions his martyrdom in Tonkin. The artist for most is Fray Joseph Azcarate of whom the only reference is a mention of him owning 5 copper plates representing the Dominican martyrs of China, probably an error, and actually referring to the martyrs of Tonkin. They comprise, amongst others: 1. A laudatory poem on Charles III (signed “Manilensis. Anno 1770.”) 2. Fray Peter M. Sanz, depicted with a sword through his head, signed by Fray Joseph Azcarate, and engraved by L.[Lorenzo or Laureano] Atlas “P. F. Jph Azcarate O. P. delin. L. Atlas Indus Mani.” 3. “Ioachim Royo Ordo Praed. [Praediatorum]… MDCCXLVII”, signed by Fray Joseph Azcarate, and engraved by L.[Lorenzo or Laureano] Atlas “P. F. Jph Azcarate O. P. delin. L. Atlas Indus Manil.” 4. “Francisci Diaz Ordo Praed. [Praediatorum]… MDCCXLVIII” signed by Fray Joseph Azcarate, and engraved by L.[Lorenzo or Laureano] Atlas “P. F. Jph Azcarate O. P. delin. L. Atlas Indus Manil.” 5. “Fray Matthei Ildephonsi Linziniana Ordo Praed. [Praediatorum]… qui pro Christi fide in TunKino Regno degollatus est. an Dni MDCCXLV” signed by Dominica Cruce, and engraved by L.[Lorenzo or Laureano] Atlas “Dominica Cruce delin. L. Atlas Ind Manilensis.” 6. “Fr. Franc. Serrano Ordo P. [Praediatorum]… Prov. TonKien… MDCCXLVIII” signed by Fray Joseph Azcarate, and engraved by L.[Lorenzo or Laureano] Atlas “P. F. Jph Azcarate O. P. delin. L. Atlas Indus Manil.” Provenance: first free endpaper with ownership inscription “Señor Don Fran.co Bonilla”. palau, 187965. medina, manila (pp. xlix). hs rare books & maps

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37. Foundation document of Colonia del Sacramento, starting over 100 years of armed conflicts

[anonymous]. Noticia e justificacam do titulo, e boa fee com que se obrou a Nova Colonia do Sacramento, nas terras da capitania de S. Vicente, no sitio chamado de S. Gabriel nas margens do Rio da Prata. 1681. Lisboa. A. Craesbeeck de Mello. In folio (268 mm x 190 mm). 7 ff. + 34 pp. Recent calf, raised bands to spine, lettered in gilt. A fine copy, very fresh and clean, with only minor overall toning and light water staining. First edition. Very rare work justifying Portugal’s right to Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay), in the River Plate. Manuel Lobo, Governor of the Captaincy of Rio De Janeiro, officially founded the city in 1680, although previous Spanish settlements were located in the region. The city s strategic location, in the opposite riverbank of Buenos Aires, gave military and commercial leverage to its occupier, thus extremely important geo-politically. The Spanish, once aware of the foundation, gathered an army to take the city, which they did in 1680. The Portuguese Crown protested, and the city was given back in 1681. “This important document contains the official deeds and the agreement between the two Kingdoms (Spain and Portugal), regarding the establishment of the Colony of Sacramento opposite the City of Buenos Aires… The Colony was taken and retaken several times, till finally, in 1777, the Spaniards destroyed it.” (Maggs). “Very rare” (Borba de Moraes), no copies have appeared at auction in over 50 years. sabin n° 56001. borba de moraes, 617. palau, 193467.

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38. Rare 17th century Spanish treatise on Navigation, Geography and Cartography

olmo, joseph vicente del. Nueva descripcion del orbe de la Tierra. En que se trata de todas sus partes interiores, y exteriores, y circulos de la esphera, y de la inteligencia, uso, y fabrica de los mapas, y tablas geographicas, assi universales, y generales, como particulares. 1681. Valencia. Joan Lorenzo Cabrera. In folio (305 mm x 210 mm). 1 ff. [frontispiece] + 13 ff. + 590 + 14 ff. Contemporary vellum, back cover with large piece restored, spine lettered in ink. A large copy, very crisp and fresh, with several inserted contemporary manuscript notes interleaved and notes on folios 262 and 273; three index leaves with mainly marginal restoration, slightly affecting text, and light dampstaining. First —and only— edition. A remarkable Spanish treatise, encompassing navigation, geography, cartography and astronomy, with a strong emphasis the New World; its contents include a lengthy chapter on the compass and the magnet (pp. 294-317). The American portion comprises chapters on the natural history and its mineral resources, as precious stones, “…this volume is a mine of information on natural science with emphasis on cartography and navigation.” (Lathrop Harper, 1971, 204). As reference for its confection, Olmo stood on the shoulders of de Jode, Fine, Thevet, Gastaldi, Ortelius, Frisius, Riccioli, Mercator, and others. Olmo (16111696) was a disciple of the Jesuit mathematician Jose de Zaragoza and secretary to the inquisition of Valencia; by the 1650’s he had already published his Lithologia, demonstrating knowledge of cartography and geography, followed by his Geometria especulativa y practica de los planos y solidos (1671). This is his most impor[ 90 ]

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tant work, a fine example of Spanish humanistic geography; c. 700 authors are quoted in it, providing proof of his erudition. The illustration comprises an engraved frontispiece with for emblems enclosed in medallions, and in the corners maps of the four continents, numerous scientific woodcuts in text, and one volvelle, which is completed in facsimile —although the usual references don’t mention a volvelle. Provenance: a near contemporary letter inserted between ff. 96/97 “Repaso sobre la Circumferencia de la Tierra”, possibly a student’s copy; first blank with manuscript monogram, which we have been unable to decipher. palau, 201032. sabin, 57230. hs rare books & maps

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39. The first great American Poem composed by an American,

on the Araucanian Wars in Chile oña, pedro de. Arauco domado. 1605. Madrid. Juan de la Cuesta. In 8vo (137 mm x 90 mm). 16 ff. + 342 + 2 ff. + 1 [blank]. Probably early 19th century calf, spine flat, with simple tooling, red morocco lettering piece lettered in gilt, minor rubbing, some chipping at head and foot of spine. Slightly trimmed, touching text to some headlines and side notes, minor to uniform light toning, else fine. Second edition, the first printed in Europe, by the same printer of the Quixote. Oña (Chile, 1570 - Peru, 1643) was a Chilean-born poet, writer, historian, and theologian; he studied arts at the Royal School of San Felipe and San Marcos. Later on he participated in an expedition to Quito, to suffocate a rebellion against the alcabalas. At the request of Garcia Hurtado de Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru —who was discontent with the treatment received in the Araucana—, Oña writes an epic poem on the wars with the rebellious Chilean Indians: the Araucanos (Mapuches). Oña quite feasibly also got inspiration from Ercilla y Zuñiga s Araucana, published in several parts. The Arauco contains references to piracy and corsair s raids in the Pacific, namely by Drake and Hawkins (repelled by Hurtado de Mendoza in 1594). “A work of the greatest rarity, and the first great poem written in South America, by a native poet… concludes with the great naval combat of Callas between D. Beltram de Castro and the English Admiral Hawkins” (Sabin). Considering it s laudatory essence, Oña waited until the Viceroy left the city, to see his work published. Lope de Vega praises Oña in his Laurel de Apolo. The first edition was printed in Lima a short decade earlier (1596), nowadays impossibly rare; this edition is also extremely rare, with no copies having sold at auction. The very last copy that seems to have [ 92 ]

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been available was that of Maggs, in 1926. The book is also rare in institutions. sabin, 57301. medina, bhc, 27. palau, 201617. hs rare books & maps

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40. Peace with the Araucano, leader of the Chilean native tribe; by Chile s foremost chronicler of the 17th century, pre-dating his seminal history of Chile ovalle, alonso de. Relacion verdadera de las Pazes que capitulo con el Araucano Rebelado, el Marques de Baides, Conde de Pedroso, Governador, y Capitan General del Reyno de Chile. Sacada de sus informes, y cartas, y de los Padres de la Compañia de Jesus, que acompañaron el Real exercito en la jornada que hizo para este efecto el año passado de 1641. 1642. Madrid. Francisco Maroto. In folio (288 mm x 210 mm). 4 ff. Unbound. Some light toning, else fine. First edition. Exceedingly rare imprint, narrating the history of the wars against the Araucanos of Chile, the campaign to put an end to the long rebellion of the Indians, and the release of the Spaniards made prisoners —some of whom had been held for 40 years. At the end, it transcribes the treaty signed between the Governor of Chile, Marques de Baides, and the Araucano leader to pacify the region; it was accomplished after the Araucanians were persuaded to accept the Spanish King s authority, by witnessing miraculous portents. Ovalle praises the Spanish commander for his compassion and humanity, despite a strong claim for punishment of the natives. The title reads “True account of the Peace which… the Governor of Chili, has made with the rebellious Araucanian Indians. Drawn up… from the Jesuit Fathers who accompanied the royal expedition… Containing the strange wonders that preceded this peace. A volcano that burst out with flaming ashes… heated the springs and cooked the fish in the rivers... Treating the liberation of the Spanish captives and the solemnity and ceremonies with which the enemy concluded the Peace” (Maggs, VI, 247, 1927). Alonso de Ovalle (1601-1651) was a Chilean born Jesuit Priest, historian, and educator, member of a prominent colonial family; his studies were [ 94 ]

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carried out in Cordoba (Argentina) and finished in Chile, where he would work until the Society sent him to Rome, to solve matters for the Vice-Province of Chile with the General of the Order, staying for several years. His fame was gained through his seminal history of Chile “Historica relacion del reyno de Chile” (1646), immediately translated into Italian. His perilous return to Chile was undertaken in 1650, sailing back from Spain through Panama; at Paita Ovalle missed his ship, so he “set out overland for Lima, over an almost trackless region, with little preparation to meet his need for food and water. He arrived in Lima suffering a violent fever from which he died a few days later” (Maggs). sabin, 12802. not in salva. medina, bhc, 108. hs rare books & maps

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41. Buenos Aires most emblematic plate-book

pellegrini, charles henri. Recuerdos del Rio de la Plata. 1841. Buenos Aires. Litografia de las Artes. In large folio (510 mm x 410 mm). Title + index leaf + 20 lithographed plates in fine color. Later calf, spine tooled and lettered in gilt, a little rubbed. A fine copy with only some scattered occasional foxing, wide margins. First edition. One of the finest —and arguably rarest— iconographic albums of Buenos Aires; it consists of 20 lithographic plates showing street scenes, costumes, architecture, rural & civil life, and city views. Pellegrini stands as possibly the most qualified artist active in Buenos Aires in the early 19th century; Alejo Gonzalez Garaño praises the album as “one of the most beautiful repertories of the argentine iconography, worthy of standing besides those of the French presses”; it is indeed a strong link to Argentina s artistic inheritance. Pellegrini (1800-1875) was a French engineer, traveller, and artist; he travelled to Argentina under the commission of Juan Larrea —on behalf of President Rivadavia— to work at the port as a hydraulic engineer. Soon the troubles of the country and the change of authorities left him without an appointment; at that point he started working with Bacle, in the quality of painter and lithographer, until 1837. He resumed working in 1841, when he founded the Litografia de las Artes with Luis Aldao. This album is one of the greatest achievements of his career and indeed of the lithographic industry of Argentina. The plates are: Indios trabajando, Santo Domingo, Fiestas Mayas, Media Caña, San Francisco, Cielito, Cabildo y Policia, Mtaadero, Minuete, Catedral, La Maestranza, Retiro, Indios, Plaza Victoria, Recoleta Cementerio, Puerto de los Tachos, Recoleta interior, Rancho, Cementerio [ 96 ]

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Protestante, San Jose de Flores. Pellegrini’s paintings are some of the most genuine renderings of the young Republic’s life. Rare, only one copy has appeared at auction since 1988. palau, 252856. hs rare books & maps

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42. One of the most beautifully printed books of South America up to the 18th century; the first of its king regarding illustration

peralta barnuevo, pedro de. Historia de España vindicada. 1730. Lima. Francisco Sobrino. In folio (300 mm x 210 mm). 35 ff. + 1644 columns + 24 plates, all full page. Contemporary vellum, spine lettered in ink, ties as fragments, else an appealing binding in its entirely genuine condition. Fine copy with full margins, untouched, light damp staining to some leaves; erased inked library stamp on free endpaper. First edition. Probably the best book to come out of South American presses up to the 18th century, and truly a work that honors American printing houses; of typographical beauty and splendid full-page plates —which are the first of their kind. Each plate portrays a Spanish kings, set within an ornamental frame lavishly executed, sadly unsigned, however clearly by a skilled artist. Medina, in a very extensive note, refers to Father Irisarri s note, calling it “Obra perfecta” [perfect work] and later assesses it is the most considerable document ever made during the Spanish colony: “sin duda alguna, si no el document mas considerable de la tipografia peruana durante la epoca de la dominacion española, por lo menos el primero en cuanto a las laminas que lo adornan”. Although unsigned, the authorship of the plates is attributed to Gacitua (Medina). It is hard to overstate the beauty and importance of this edition to the history of printing in colonial South America. Peralta y Barnuevo (1664-1743) was a Peruvian-born intellectual, writer, historian, poet, astronomer, cartographer, and humanist, possibly the most outstanding figure of 18th Lima; amongst his peers, recognized as a living encyclopedia. He studied at the University of San Marcos, later becoming its Rector (1715), taught the principles of navigation to pilots, determined the location of Cartagena and [ 98 ]

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Habana, studied the comet of 1702, became Cosmographer to the Kingdom of Peru, and wrote over a dozen works, including Lima fundada, o conquista del Peru, poema heroico. Provenance: last ff. with a 3-page manuscript document dated 1729, signed by Peralta. From the library of Dr. Michael Mathes. medina, lima 854. palau, 218086. sabin, 60849. hs rare books & maps

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43. A diary from the 1599-1602 Persian Embassy to Europe; accompanying Sir Anthony Sherley

persia, juan de. Relaciones de Don Juan de Persia. 1604. Valladolid. Juan de Bostillo. In 4to [200 mm x 145 mm]. Contemporary limp vellum, title in ink on spine, text block becoming loose, covers slightly stained, remnants of ties. A fine copy overall, with a small marginal tear at p. 41, and a paper flaw affecting several letters of text at upper corner of p. 55, otherwise internally excellent. First edition of a rare and enigmatic text, with its origins in a Persianlanguage travel diary of Uruch Beg Bayat (1560-1605), and one of the first Persian travel accounts of Europe. Beg Bayat was a nobleman and secretary in the delegation sent to Europe in 1599 by the Safavid ruler Shah ‘Abbas I at the urging of Sir Anthony Sherley (1565-1635), author of his own Persian narrative (Relation of His Travels into Persia, London, 1613). Beg converted to Catholicism in Valladolid in 1601, altered the target audience of his text from an Iranian court to a Spanish public, and took for himself the name “Don Juan of Persia.” With the substantial help of his mentor, Alfonso Remón, he translated his text into Castilian, amplified its contents, and published it in 1604. All traces of the Persian “original” have been lost. The Relaciones is divided into three parts, the first two treating Persia, and the third focusing on the 1599-1602 European embassy of Shah ‘Abbas. Part One presents details of Persian political structures, rituals, customs, and geography, adding to these a history of Islam up until the rise of the Ottoman state. Part Two focuses on the history of the Safavids from the household’s beginnings through their latest conflicts with the Ottomans in 1578-1590. Don Juan then offers intriguing first-hand information about the 1599 journey of the Safavid embassy, numbering some 50 people, traveling [ 100 ]

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via the Caspian Sea and Russia to meet with European heads of state. Nominally led by the chief ambassador, Husain Ali Beg, the embassy was conceived in a meeting between Shah ‘Abbas and the English adventurer Sir Anthony Sherley, their objective being the opening of trade routes and, more pointedly, the cultivation of a EuropeanPersian alliance against the Ottoman Empire. The embassy was not a success: Although received by the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II, the former Duke of Bavaria Wilhelm II, Vincenzo Gonzaga of Mantua, and King Phillip III of Spain, the Safavids were denied a meeting by the Doge of Venice and plans to speak with the courts of France, England, Scotland and Poland were abandoned. Don Juan claims that Sherley sold off a fortune’s worth of gifts intended by the Shah for foreign potentates. Several diplomats converted to Catholicism in Rome, more in Valladolid (perhaps a better alternative than returning to Persia to face the wrath of Shah ‘Abbas). In 1605 Don Juan of Persia was killed in a street brawl in Valladolid. palau, 223840. cyrus ghani, iran and the west: a critical bibliography, p. 379. don juan of persia: a shi’ah catholic 1560-1604, guy le strange, trans., (london: routledge, 1926). hs rare books & maps

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44. Presentation binding for the Pope and the King of Portugal, with contemporary hand colored maps; defending the Propaganda Fide actions in South East Asia [propaganda fide] [south east asia missions]. Alla Santita di Nostro Signore Benedetto Papa XIV, Memoriale Responsivo alle animadversioni di Monsignor Segretario della S. Congregazione de Propaganda Fide sopra la nuova erezione de Vescovandi nell Indie Orientali. N.d. [ca. 1740]. N.p. [Rome]. In folio (300 mm x 202 mm). 2 [blank] + 1 ff. + 48 + 2 ff. + 143 + 1 [blank] + 2 folding maps. Contemporary vellum, boards gilt with arms on Pope Benedict XIV and King John V of Portugal on each side, corner piece and framed with fillets; rubbing, with some loss to arms, else fine. Excellent example printed on large paper for presentation, the maps in contemporary color. First —and apparently only— edition. Exceedingly rare memorial addressed to Pope Benedict XIV, in defense of the Propaganda Fide and their missions in South East Asia; the occasion is the erection of patronage dioceses in Siam, Tonkin and Cochin China. These territories had a considerable presence of Portuguese settlements and trading ports, which explains the presentation to the King of Portugal, simultaneously with Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758), the two authorities —civil and ecclesiastical— with interests in the Propaganda Fide activities in the region. The work is illustrated with two folding maps in contemporary color: Prima tavola limiti delle Diocesi in terra ferma and Seconda tavola limiti delle Diocesi in terra ferma, both showing the same region, extending from Africa to South East Asia, including Central Asia and Arabia, the territory granted for missionary activities to the Propaganda Fide. Rare, no copies appear to have come to auction, neither could we trace a single copy institutionally. streit, xxvii, 253. hs rare books & maps

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45. Early Spanish settlement in the Pacific, requesting further

exploration as pathway to Australia san vitores, father diego luis de. Noticia de los progressos de Nuestra Santa Fe, en las Islas Marianas, llamadas antes de los Ladrones, y de el fruto que han hecho en ellas el Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores, y cinco compañeros de la Compañia de Jesus, en el primer año de su Mission, desde diez y seis de Junio de mil y seiscientos y sesenta y ocho, hasta quinze de Mayo de mil y seiscientos y sesenta y nueve [bound with] Noticia de los progressos de Nuestra Santa Fe, en las Islas Marianas, llamadas antes de los Ladrones, y de el fruto que han hecho en ellas el Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores, y sus Compañeros, de la Compañia de Jesus, desde 15 de Mayo de 1669 hasta 28 de Abril de 1670. N.d. [1669 & 1670]. N.p. [Madrid]. Two volumes bound in one, in 8vo. 23 pp.; 14 ff. Antique, almost contemporary vellum gilt, evidently a presentation copy. Extremely appealing, both works are very fresh and clean, in their entirely genuine condition. First editions. In these Noticias, San Vitores gives an account on the first steps of the arrival, encounters with the natives, islands visited, evangelization, and general progress of the mission. Furthermore, he pleas the Spanish King for the establishment of Spanish presence in the Pacific, stressing the importance of the Marianas for both the souls in need of saving and more importantly for the role they could play in the colonization of the vast unexplored land of Australia; “Regular supplies… were earnestly solicited; most of all, ships for the purpose of reconnoitring the many ports and islands which were as steppingstones from the Island of Guam to very near Peru, as reported in the relation of Captain Pedro Fernandez de Quiros’ voyage… it is proposed to Her Majesty to send pilots from the region of Peru towards [ 104 ]

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the Austral land, which was previously unknown and reputed to comprise one-fifth of the earth’s territory” (Maggs). Geographically, the missionaries had little more information to go on than Quiros did, so this too was a true exploration. San Vitores argues strongly on the dire need of exploring the Pacific, and asks for vessels and volunteers; the ultimate goal was the settlement of the great austral land to the south (Australia), as well as Japan. In this regard San Vitores resembles greatly the explorer Quiros, only differentiating themselves by the pursuit of mainly material gain against spiritual conversion of the natives. These are amongst the earliest —if not the earliest— printed relations on the recently established Mission in the Marianas (Guam, Saipan, and Rota, located between Hawaii and the Philippines). On the second work, Maggs states —which could be applied as well for the first, with even greater emphasis— “This rare publication is a continuation or companion report to the Memorial published in Mexico in 1669… [Sanvitores] pleaded for the establishment of a Mission in the Marianas, with a view to the development and conversion of the unknown austral lands … and the methods by which the Jesuits prepared the ground for a spiritual harvest throughout the Southern Continent.” The imprints are abundant in details on the natives (costumes, language, rites, personal appearance), the geographical reality of the Islands (natural resources, climate, etc.), and the activities and work of the missionaries; also, they contain a detailed list of the islands visited up to that point (Guam, Zarpana, Tinian, Seypan, Sarigan, Guguan, Alamagan, Pagon, amongst others). Sanvitores (Burgos 1627 - Guam 1672) was a Spanish Jesuit missionary, traveller, and explorer; he was the founder of the first Catholic Church in Guam, and responsible of establishing Spanish presence in the Marianas. He arrived in Mexico in 1660 and in 1662 travelled from Acapulco to the Philippines (where he remained for 6 years). When permission was obtained for his mission to the Ladrones (as [ 106 ]

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named by Magellan), San Vitores sailed for the Islands, reaching them in 1668; once there, San Vitores began the process of gaining the native s trust, evangelizing, and performing a recognisance of the territory. His life ended in martyrdom at Guam, in 1672, by the hand of a tribe leader. The first work is impossibly rare, no copies have appeared at auction and only one copy is found in institutions worldwide (at the British Library). The second work is also extremely rare, only three copies are found in institutions worldwide (State Library of NSW, University of Minnesota, and Real Academia Española) and no copies have appeared at auction. Maggs offered a copy in 1926, for 250 GBP (an enormous price at the time). retana, 194. medina, bibliografia de fillipinas, 195. palau, 301137 (second work). hs rare books & maps

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46. An influential Jesuit Priest in China; rare first edition

semedo, alvaro. Imperio de la China i Cultura Evangelica en èl, por los Religiosos de la Compañia de Iesu. 1642. Madrid. Juan Sanchez. In 8vo (190 mm x 136 mm). 8 ff. + 362[368] + 3 ff. Near contemporary calf, raised bands to spine, compartments in gilt and with red lettering piece, upper and lower compartments larger than usual, some rubbing. Title page with note partially erased and with ownership inscription “Don Silvestre de Prado”, a few headlines just touched by the binder’s cropping, foxing and damp here and there as always for the paper used, few scattered worm holes —mainly marginal—, else fine. First edition of this title: rare. Semedo (1586-1658) was a Portuguese Jesuit; he arrived in China in 1613 after passing by Goa, to Macao first (1610) and then Nanjing, on board the Nossa Sra. Do Vencimiento; unlike his colleagues, remained in the south of China, rather than Peking. As Magalhaes “[Semedo] continued to develop and implement Ricci’s program of accommodation… they were highly capable Jesuits who achieved a high degree of proficiency in the Chinese language and a sophisticated understanding of Chinese culture and society” (Curious Land. Jesuit Accommodation and the origins of Sinology, David E. Mungello). His work lead to his appointment as Vice-Provincial of the China Mission, spending several months in captivity in Canton up to his release with the mediation of Fr. Schall, he remained there until his death, in 1658. He gained notoriety for his work and respect of the Chinese language, as well as for his passion for the country’s culture “In contrast to such Jesuits as Frs. Kircher or Grueber, Semedo was far less critical of Chinese religions. He manifested that fondness and respect for the Chinese which came to mark the attitudes of so many Jesuits of long-time residence in China”. [ 108 ]

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It is one of the best sources of information on China of the 17th century. Furthermore, it is so infrequently found, that an Italian edition (Relatione della grande monarchia della Cina, 1643) is sometimes quoted as the first). An immediate success, it was submitted to translations into German, Latin and English (“The history of that great and renowned monarchy”, 1655). Semedo, a keen observer, included information on its inhabitants and their ethnography, military affairs, manners, daily life, religious inclinations of the Chinese, their worship, progress of the Society of Jesus in the Empire, short notes on the fauna, military costumes, and culinary notes as that of ff. 97, providing a culinary overview and table-manner s insight, details the lack of forks and knifes, substituted by sticks, and makes an intriguing observation, of the lack of spices at the table, even though they have many “ni sal, ni pimienta; si vinagre, i mostaza, i otros apetitos, que los tienen varios, i excelentes”. cf. sommervogel, vol. 7, col. 1114, n°. 4. hs rare books & maps

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47. The first American printing of the Decree Forbidding the purchase of black slaves from Africa by American and Spaniards [slavery] ruiz de apodaca y eliza, juan. El Rey: La introduccion de negros esclavos en America fuA una de las primeras providencias que dictaron mis augustos predecesores para el fomento y prosperidad de aquellos vastos Dominios, muy poco tiempo después de haber sido descubiertos. La imposibilidad en que estaban los indios de ocuparse en diferentes trabajos útiles… exigió por entonces que el beneficio de las minas y el rompimiento y cultivo de las tierras se entregaran a brazos mas robustos y activos. 29 April, 1818. Mexico. Real Palacio de Mexico. Two sheets in folio joined (590 mm x 410 mm). Edges unevenly trimmed, minor ink spotting, slight wear at intersection of folds. First printing in America of the Royal Decree forbidding the purchase of black slaves in Africa. The broadside reprints the Spanish King’s Decree, which encompasses a brief history of the reasons for slavery in America: the inability of the Indian natives to deal with the cultivation of the land, and mineral extraction, the need for a more robust and active labour force, and an humanitarian reason, avoiding the worst fate of the Africans in their own land —plus the knowledge of the true God, provided by their evangelization in the Colonies and conversion into Catholicism. Furthermore, the imprint states that they did not created slavery, but merely profited from the one that already existed from the barbaric practices of the Africans. “Esta providencia, que no creaba la esclavitud, sino que aprovechaba la que ya existía por la barbarie de los Africanos para salvar de la muerte a sus prisioneros, y aliviar su triste condición, mejos de ser perjudicial para los negros de Africa, transportados a America, les proporcionaba no solo el incomparable beneficio de ser instruidos en el conocimiento de Dios verdaderos…. Sino también todas las venta[ 110 ]

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jas que trae consigo la civilización, sin que por esto se les sujetara en su esclavitud.” The Decree forbids the acquisition of black slaves from Africa, making no difference if the purchaser is Spanish or American; it also sets jail time for those who disobey —with imprisonment in the Philippines— and declares any recently acquired slaves Free from the time they set foot on Spanish domains. “Desde hoy en adelante prohibo para siempre a todos mis vasallos, asi a los de las Peninsula como a los de America, que vayan a comprar negros en las costas de Africa… serán declarados libres en el primer Puerto de mis dominios”. not in palau. not in sabin. no copies found having sold at auction. hs rare books & maps

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48. The earliest photographic testimony of the leader of Paraguay during the Triple Alliance War

[solano lopez, francisco]. Daguerreotype in oval shape, set in gold and enamel frame. Some traces of oxidation. 43 mm x 32 mm, 1/16 plaque. Exceedingly rare daguerreotype made for Paraguay’s Dictator during the Triple Alliance war, worn by Eliza Lynch, and lost for half a century. Lost for over half a century, this is a remarkable piece for Paraguayan iconographic legacy. In June 1853, Solano Lopez, left Asuncion del Paraguay on board the flagship Independencia del Paraguay towards Europe, in the quality of Plenipotentiary Minister to the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Italy. During his stay, which lasted for more than 1 year, transformed him culturally, and shaped his image of what Paraguay was to be. “La visita a tierras del Viejo Mundo suponía la máxima apertura internacional del Paraguay desde su emancipación, luego de tantos años de secular aislamiento.” (Gutiérrez Escudero, p. 36). During his stay in Paris, he frequented parties and solemn military parades; however, it would be his introduction to Eliza Alicia Lynch that changed him, her influence in him would be nothing less than formidable. It is in Paris that this portrait is taken, showing young Solano Lopez in full military attire. Besides this, Solano Lopez also had his portrait made by David, one of the most famous courtesan artists. Provenance: Francisco Solano Lopez. Probably worn by his wife, Eliza Lynch, manuscript note “Daguerreotipo del Mariscal Francisco Solano López que perteneció á Madama Lynch”. The box has a typed sticker on the bottom that reads “Gral Francisco S. López Presidente del Paraguay. Broche que usó Mad. Eliza Alicia Linch”. Property of Dr. Ricardo de Lafuente Machain (1882-1960), historian and scholar of Paraguay and the River Plate. [ 112 ]

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yubi, javier. la guerra grande, 2010 (daguerrotipo del mariscal francisco solano lópez: hecho en parís, probablemente en 1854. fue colocado en un prendedor de oro con esmalte verde que usó madame lynch. su último propietario conocido fue el historiador paraguayo radicado en buenos aires, ricardo de la fuente machaín. en la actualidad se desconoce su paradero”), p. 104. gutiérrez escudero, antonio. francisco solano lópez, el napoleón de paraguay. madrid: anaya, 1988. baptista, fernando. madame lynch. mujer de mundo y de guerra. buenos aires: emecé, 1987. grant rommer. hs rare books & maps

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49. European expansion to Africa, Arabia and India

sousa, francisco de. Oriente Conquistado a Jesu Christo pelos Padres da Companhia de Jesus da Provincia de Goa. 1710. Lisbon. Oficina de Valentim da Costa Deslandes. Two volumes in folio (294 mm x 195 mm). 1 [blank] + 18 ff. + frontispiece + engraved plate + 895; 1 [blank] + frontispiece & plate + 14 ff. + 620 + 1 [blank]. Contemporary Portuguese calf, raised bands and gilt tooling to spine, red morocco lettering pieces, some rubbing, specially to second volume, still a genuine set in its original condition. Fine example, fresh and clean, with the four plates present in strong impressions, minor worming, unobtrusive mostly, light water-staining to few leaves. First edition. Sousa (1628-1713) was a Brazilian-born Jesuit, historian, traveller, and chronicler of the Order; in 1655 he left for Goa, where most of his life would be spent, until his death in 1712. The time spent working in Asia, as well as his presumably unrestricted access to information, contributed to the confection of a comprehensive history of the progress of European settlements in Africa, Arabia, and India, as well as the most significant navigations, explorations and shipwrecks, carrying missionaries from Europe to the Eastern posts. The work is remarkable in its attention to detail and critical spirit. Given the strategic position of Goa on the Portuguese route to the Far East, this work has many references to China, Japan and Malacca. A third part of this work was written but was never published, the manuscript being preserved in the Jesuit College at Lisbon. “Only the first two parts appeared of his Oriente Conquistado, the third being retained at the College of Jesuits in Lisbon. The first edition with the engraved frontispiece is very rare” (Borba de Moraes). The illustration comprises two frontispieces and two engraved plates, [ 114 ]

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one of the them showing the Orb (Africa and the Middle East) with inset maps of the Middle East and Japan under Jesus Christ, and above Jesuit missionaries, one holding the banner of the Society and the other stepping on a lion and about to slay another —both with a group of locals behind them; the Dedicatorias show Sousa kneeling down presenting his book to an Angel, with his desk and writing pen behind, and Sousa again kneeling, this time facing the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ; the last shows a striking Eagle holding the Society s monogram flying over a sea-port scene. Provenance: ownership inscription to title page “Luiz Ferreyra Rebello”. sabin, 88720. palau, 320769. cordier, 786. sommervogel, 7, 1405. borba de moraes, 820. hs rare books & maps

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50. The state of the Spanish Navy in the 18th century, beautiful manuscript, signed by the author

[spanish navy & military] asensio, francisco. Estado que manifiesta el numero de batallones y companies sueltas, esquadrones de Cavalleria y Dragones de que se compnia el Exercito de S. M. C. en 1748, los que se reformaron, y los que existen desde 1749… Con una punctual Noticia de La Armada Naval, numero de cañones, hechura de los buques, y astilleros donde se construyeron. 1759. Valencia. Broadside in folio. Light overall toning, some wear to folds, generally fine. An impressive manuscript broadside carefully drafted and signed by the artist, who evidently had access to otherwise secret sources of information. It is dominated by a cartouche, headed by a coat of arms surrounded by cherubs in baroque style, clearly the work of a skilled artist; then divided into: Infantry, Militias, Chivalry, and the Navy at the bottom. Of particular interest for the Americas and South East Asia colonies, is the detail on the Navy; it contains a wealth of information in everything maritime, the number of canons and weapons, crafting of the vessels, shipyards, names of the vessels, sizes, amongst many other subjects. Although there is no dedication in it, it was evidently made for a high-ranking Officer, or even for the high command. This valuable compendium of Spain s military power was naturally of restricted access. There is little to be found about the author, of whom can only be said was at that point in Valencia and had training as an artist; however we could find notes on another Asensio, Juan, whose work as soldier and silversmith are currently in public and private collections in Spain.

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51. Contemporary coloured, large-paper copy, of Stedman’s anti-slavery masterpiece; “a model of what such a book should be” (DNB) stedman, john gabriel. Narrative of a Five Years’ Expedition against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam, in Guiana, on the Wild Coast of South America; from the Year 1772, to 1777. 1806. London. J. Johnson. Two volumes in 4to (290 mm x 227 mm). 1 [blank] + frontispiece + 1 ff. + XVIII + 423 + 2 ff. + 2 [blank]; 1 [blank] + 1 ff. + IV + 419 + 5 pp. + 2 [blank]. Contemporary half calf over marbled boards, boards with simple gilt fillets, raised bands to spine, tolled in gilt, with lettering pieces; second volume with spine restored, excellent overall. Large paper, entirely hand coloured by a contemporary hand, light foxing here and there, closed tear to frontispiece, else a remarkably fresh, impeccable copy. A remarkable large-paper copy, illustrated with 81 plates and maps (3 folding and one double page) after Stedman s watercolours, engraved by William Blake, Francesco Bartolozzi, and Barlow, and in this case all in fresh contemporary hand colouring. The plates are often breathtaking representations of the crude victory over the revolted Surinamese, as well as highly-accomplished artistic renderings of the customs, natural history, fauna and cartography of the region. Blake engraved some of the crudest images representing the conditions and torture endured by slaves. Stedman (1744-1707) was a British soldier, writer and historian; in 1772 he arrived in Surinam under the command of Colonel Louis Henry Fourgeord, engaged to help suppress the revolt and protect European planters from their slaves. Soon, he became in contact with the slavery and cruelty prevailing in the region, at the same time being enchanted by the place —its exotic flora and fauna, rich customs, manners, confluence of cultures, the richest planters, oppressed slaves and maroon rebels, etc.—, present[ 118 ]

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ing a full panorama of colonial life as well as a fascinating contrast of idyllic and terrible. Stedman’s detailed depiction and indictment of slavery, and other aspects of colonization, made his Narrative an important tool in the early abolitionist literature. The first edition was out in 1796, however never coloured, a few copies from this second edition were; we can only trace the one other coloured copy, that of Wolfgang A. Herz (Christie’s, 2009, 2158-305), in a modern binding. “[Stedman] volunteered to accompany an expedition sent out by the States-General to subdue the revolted Negroes in Surinam, or Dutch Guiana… His narrative of it is a model of what such a book should be. The field of his curiosity embraced not only all branches of natural history, but also economical and social conditions. His description of the cruelties practiced on the Negroes, and of the moral deterioration resulting to their masters, forms one of the most vivid indictments of slavery that have been penned. Not the least curious thing in the book is the story of his relations with Joanna, a beautiful mulatto, who nursed him when sick, and bore him a son” (DNB). abbey, travel, 719. sabin, 91075. hs rare books & maps

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52. An entirely Paraguayan scientific production of the 18th century; exceedingly rare Lunario, the only made on the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay suarez, buenaventura. Lunario de un siglo, Que comenzava en su original por Enero del año de 1740, y acaba en Diciembre del año de 1841. En que se compreheden ciento y un año cumplidos. Contiene los aspectos principales de Sol, y Luna, esto es las Conjunciones, Oposiciones, y Quartos de la Luna con el Sol, según sus movimientos verdaderos; y la noticias de los Eclipses de ambos Luminares, que serán visibles por todo el Siglo en estas Missiones de la Compañía de Jesús en la Provincia del Paraguay. Regulada, y aligada la hora de los aspectos y eclipses al Meridiano del Pueblo de los esclarecidos Martyres San Cosme, y San Damian. N.d. [1752]. Barcelona. Pablo Nadal. In 8vo (192 mm x 142 mm). 1 [blank] + 8 ff + 196 + 1 [blank]. Contemporary vellum, slightly soiled; marginal damp to first few leaves, overall fine. Suarez (1679-1750) was born in Santa Fe (Argentina); what little is known today about him is thanks to Jesuit historians and scholars Juan Salaberry and William Furlon Cardiff. Son to Antonio Suarez Altamarino and Maria de Garay, his birth is recorded in the archive of the Metropolitan Church of Santa Fe for the year 1682. After being admitted to the Society of Jesus in 1695, he goes to Cordoba to study Philosophy and Theology; from there, Suarez is destined to Paraguay, and shortly a Priest at the missions of San Cosme and San Damian, then to Itapua and Santa Maria la Mayor. Suarez dedicated his life to living amongst the Guarani’s, becoming well aware of their customs and way of life. His masterpiece, this Lunario, or astronomical calendar, is the sole work of of its kind to have been entirely created in the missions of Paraguay; furthermore, Suarez himself craft[ 122 ]

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ed many of the instruments necessary for its confection. It contains the movements of the Sun and the Moon, as they will be seen in the Jesuit Missions of Paraguay, from 1740 until 1841. The first edition was published in Lisbon, undated, however it is given priority to this one, the second edition. Each folio deals with a year, with a table on recto detailing every month and an explanation of the expected astronomical phenomena for said year [“Nota Vulgares”, “Temporas”, “Fiestas Movibles” y “Eclipse”]. Provenance: several manuscript notes on last blank, one being a note from Pedro Montero, and several other ownership inscriptions, all in Spanish. sabin, 93296. palau, 323201. rare, we could only find 3 copies in the united states (indiana university, harvard houghton library and yale university library). hs rare books & maps

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53. Second and best edition, a fundamental source of information for the history of California, the southwest, northern Mexico and Texas torquemada, juan de. Primera [Segunda, Tercera] Parte de los Veinte i vn Libros Rituales i Monarchia Indiana, con el origen y guerras, de los Indios Ocidentales, de sus Poblaçones, Descubrimiento, Conquista, Conuersion, y otras cosas marauillosas de la mesma tierra. 1723. Madrid. Nicolas Rodriguez. Three volumes in folio (300 mm x 198 mm; insignificant size difference to vol. 2). 1 [blank] + 20 ff. + folding map + 768 + 36 ff. + 1 [blank]; 1 [blank] + 7 ff. + 623 + 28 ff. + 1 [blank]; 1 [blank] + 4 ff. [according to Palau, no Index is required, Sabin quotes 5 ff., this copy with 4 ff.] + 4 pp. [again not collated by Palau, Prologue] + 634 + 21 ff. + 1 [blank]. Contemporary vellum, spines lettered in ink, vol. 2 & 3 with small restorations, vol. 2 soiled, generally fine, extremely attractive set in its uniform original binding. A tall and pristine copy with wide margins, clean and fresh. Second and best edition, “plus complete et preferee a la premiere” (Leclerc); revised by the Spanish historian Gonzales Barcia. Palau says “Para el estudioso es preferible la segunda publicada por Barcia, quien corrigió las numerosas faltas… y llenó las lagunas”. The first edition, from 1615, is very rare [most copies were lost due to a shipwreck] and contains a fraction of the text of this edition. Barcia added indexes and his own notes, he was arguably Spain s foremost historian in the 18th century, having made revisions as well to the Decades by Herrera. A “key work on the early history of Spanish North America, particularly Mexico, the Southwest and California... [It is] the primary source of Vizcaino’s 1596 and 1602 expeditions and voyage of discovery to California [and] contains Father Antonio de la Ascension’s letter which relates Vizcaino’s voyage during which most of the bays, headlands and rivers, including San Diego, were renamed” (Hill). Torquemada was a [ 124 ]

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Priest of the Franciscan Order; he studied in Mexico [including the native language of a large portion of the original inhabitants, Nahuatl], which gave him a first-hand insight of the laws, habits and customs of the Mexicans; by 1614, after being Father Guardian of the Convent of Tlatelolco, Torquemada became Provincial of the Franciscans in Mexico. Overall, the Monarchia Indiana is one of the most complete works on Mexico, not only after the arrival of the Spanish, but also before, half the first volume being devoted to the history of Mexico before its discovery by the Spaniards. Additionally, the work contains information on Japan, China and the Philippines. Illustrated with a folding map of the Americas, recently coloured, first published in 1601 for Herrera’s Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales. palau, 335033. sabin, 95212. medina, bha, 249. leclerc, 1289. hs rare books & maps

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54. An important piece of Venezuelan iconography, by a famed Austrian painter

unterberger, franz richard. Untitled landscape of the Andes. 800 mm x 650 mm. Signed at lower left; old frame. Splendid rendering of the Cordillera de los Andes, in Venezuela; a dramatic scenery, taken from the road, portraying travellers in local costumes, resting before resuming their journey, and the formidable mountains at the end bathed in snow, and under an approaching storm. Unterberger (1838-1902) was an Austrian artist, son of a well-off art dealer; joined the Academy of Fine Arts (Munich) where Clemens von Zimmermann and Julius Lange taught him. His style, considered romanticism, was widely accepted during his time, granting him recognition from peers and patrons. Unterberger enjoyed moving in Europe, as evidenced by the number of places portrayed in his works; he exhibited his landscapes and panoramic scenes in Brussels, Berlin, Paris, Munich, London (International Universal Exhibition), Vienna, as well as Boston and Philadelphia, and Venezuela (1883). His style is romantic, thus his preference of city architecture, cascades, and landscapes. His most sought after paintings are Italian scenic painting, featuring intimate views. This painting is exceedingly rare, and is probably one of the very few produced during his journey to Venezuela, where he exhibited in Caracas in the 1880’s. “benezit, dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs (1966), pp. 431.”

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55. Pacification of South American Indians (Chile, Colombia, and Peru); the first guerrilla-warfare manual

vargas machuca, bernardo. Milicia y descripción de las Indias por el Capitan... dirigido al licen- ciado Paulo de Laguna Presidente del Consejo Real de las Indias. 1599. Madrid. Pedro Madrigal. In 4to (192 mm x 138 mm). 1 [blank] + 14 ff. + engraved plate + 186 ff. + 22 ff. In contemporary calf, boards with arms of the Marques de Caracena in gilt, rebacked preserving spine, some rubbing. Ownership inscription to title page La librería de don Ferdo. De Henao Morgavaz?; light toning, else fine. First edition; excessively rare Americana. The Milicia is by all accounts a primary source book for the history of the colonization and pacification of South American Indians in the 16th century. It is the earliest guerrilla manual and amongst the first works on the military organization in South America, aimed to conquer and pacify the tribes opposing the Spanish settlements in the New World. Vargas Machuca’s efforts in Spanish America were focused in New Granada (Colombia), Peru and Chile; in Chile he presented a project to pacify the rebellious Araucanians, and resisted the Council for the Indies in their intention of de-populating the region. Vargas Machuca (1557-1622) was a Spanish military and colonial officer; he spent over two decades in South America, which allowed him the working knowledge necessary for the confection of his treatise. The work is a comprehensive manual of how to conduct warfare in the New World, with notes on the medicines and prevention of diseases for the military, a description of the “Indias Occidentales” dealing with the geography and hydrographical reality of the region, fauna and flora. Unfortunately, history would judge and criticize Vargas Machuca for his ruthless position towards the natives. “The first manual of guerrilla warfare ever published… he advocated for the Americas the creation of [ 128 ]

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commando groups to carry out search and destroy missions deep within enemy territory for up to two years at a time” (Parker). The illustration comprises an armillary sphere on verso of ff. 180, and a portrait of Vargas Machuca holding a compass over a map of the Americas —often missing. As aforementioned, an excessively rare work, no copies have appeared at auction since 1967 —with one exception, an incomplete copy missing the portrait and colophon, in 2008. Included in the Coleccion de Libros Raros y curiosos que tratan de America. Maggs offered a copy in 1928 for 250 GBP. Provenance: bound for Don Luis de Benavides Carrillo de Toledo, Marques de Caracena (1608-1668); a Spanish military officer and nobleman, he rose to become Governor of Milan (1648-1656) and Governor of the Spanish Low Countries (1659-1664). medina, bha, 402. palau, 352445. sabin, 98604. salva, 3825. leclerc, 2979. maggs, bibliotheca americana 496, 407. hs rare books & maps

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56. The best edition of one of the most important chronicles of Peru

zarate, agustin de. Historia del descubrimiento y conquista de las provincias del Peru, y de los sucesos que en ella ha avido, desde que se conquisto, hasta que el Licenciado de la Gasca Obispo de Siguenza bolvio a estos reynos: y de las cosas naturales que en la dicha provincia se hallan dignas de memoria. La cual escrevia Augustin de Zarate, Contador de mercedes de su Majestad, siendo Contador general de cuentas en aquella provincia y en la de Tierra firme. 1577. Seville. Alonso de Escrivano. In folio (280 mm x 190 mm). 5 h. + 117 f. + 3 h. Later crushed brown morocco, boards stamped in blind and gilt, with outer and inner frames, raised bands –false- to spine, lettered and tooled in gilt. A fine copy, cleaned, title with minor restoration, wide margins, else very good. Second edition. Arguably the most reliable chronicle of the first years of Peru and its colonization by the Spanish; Zarate (ca. 1514-1560) was sent to Peru in 1543 by Emperor Charles V in the position of tax collector. During his stay, he was witness to Pizarro’s rebellion and the turmoil resulting from it —arguably the most up-scale incident in early Colonial American history—, and his subsequent execution. The evolution of the arduous annexation of Peru to the Spanish Empire is dealt with at large, alongside valuable first-hand information on Lima. Zarate’s chronicle was immediately translated into several languages, including French, Latin and English; editions were printed well into the 18th century. Consistently and unanimously preferred over the first (1555); Salva “Edicion mas buscada y de maas valor que la primera”, Heredia “Edition fort rare, et plus recherchee que la premiere, de cet ouvrage d’un incontes- table merite”, and Palau “Todos los repertorios bibliograficos repiten que esta segunda edicion en espanol, 1.a en Espana, [ 130 ]

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tiene mas interees quela primera edicion” [Every bibliographical repertoire repeats that this second edition in Spanish, first in Spain, has more interest than the first]. vindel, manual, 3276. palau, 379629. salva, 3425. hs rare books & maps

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item nº 54

item nº 50

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hs rare books & maps - 2015