By Mark and Helen Warner

© Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 1

www.teachingpacks.co.uk

Thank you for purchasing this e-book from Teaching Packs. We hope that it, along with the accompanying resources, are useful to you and the children that you teach. Please be aware of the following information before using this book. Please DO: * Print and copy this book (on paper or electronically), so that you can use it with the children that you teach. * Tell others if you have found it useful. * Email [email protected] if you have any suggestions, or find any mistakes, so that we can update the book in the future. Please DO NOT: * Copy or share this book (in part or whole) with others who have not purchased it. By buying a copy for themselves, they will help us to continue making more fantastic resources for everyone in the future. Thank you, Mark and Helen Warner © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 2

Punctuation marks are the symbols that we use in writing. There are lots of different types of punctuation and they all help the reader to understand the meaning of the text. This eBook contains information about the different types of punctuation, as well as some activities and quizzes to test your knowledge! © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 3

Full Stop

Comma

Exclamation Mark

Question Mark

Inverted Commas

Apostrophe

Colon

Semi-Colon

Ellipsis

Dash / Hyphen

Brackets

Capital Letters

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Full stops are used to mark the end of a sentence. Try reading this: • The family ran outside the house next door was burning Full stops help to make the meaning clear: • The family ran outside. The house next door was burning. Image © ThinkStock

We sometimes use full stops to show abbreviations. Here are some examples: Saint Peter’s Road --> St. Peter’s Road Mister John Cook --> Mr. John Cook © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 5

Can you finish these sentences, remembering to use a full stop correctly? 1) Steve climbed __________________________________________________________ 2) Sally won ______________________________________________________________ 3) The horse _____________________________________________________________ 4) Kevin is the best ________________________________________________________ 5) A fireman appeared carrying _______________________________________________ 6) Dogs love to ____________________________________________________________

Can you put the full stops in the correct places in the sentences below. What else will you need to add? 1) Sarah walked up to the door she slowly turned the handle 2) The children sat in silence the teacher gave out the test papers 3) The weather in winter is cold sometimes it rains sometimes it can snow too 4) The London Eye is a giant ferris wheel it was built in 1999 it is 135 metres tall © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 6

We use commas to separate parts of a sentence. • The door bell rang, startling Mr. Johnson. • Jake, realising he was late, started running to school. • All of a sudden, the cat jumped through the cat flap. • Yes, that is right. They are also used to separate items in a list. Julie went shopping and bought carrots, cauliflower, tomatoes, onions and other food for her family. Image © ThinkStock

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Can you finish these sentences, using commas to separate parts of your sentence? 1) While humming to herself ________________________________________________ 2) Looking through the telescope ______________________________________________ 3) The bell chimed ________________________________________________________ 4) Everyone said yes ______________________________________________________ 5) A car raced down the road _________________________________________________ 6) The balloon floated high into the sky _________________________________________

Can you use commas to separate the items in these lists? 1) David’s favourite colours are red green blue and purple. 2) Emily asked her mum if she could go to the park with Jenny Amy and Martha. 3) The couple wanted to travel to Paris Barcelona Berlin Rome and London. 4) Daffodils roses lilacs and daisies are my favourite flowers. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 8

If you want to make a sentence stronger or more exciting, put an exclamation mark at the end.

Image © ThinkStock

• He jumped into the pond! • I’ve won a million pounds! • Help! Somebody has stolen my wallet! • David won an Olympic gold medal! • The dog chased the postman down the street!

You can also use exclamation marks with commands. • Stop! Get out of here now! • Sit down in your chair! © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 9

Should these sentences have a full stop or an exclamation mark at the end? Add the correct punctuation to each sentence: 1) Kate walked to the park 2) Win a prize in our latest competition 3) My brother has just jumped in the pond 4) Sarah has just moved in to the house next door 5) Paul jumped up in surprise when the dog barked Write an exclamation that describes what is happening in these pictures:

Images © ThinkStock

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A question is a special type of sentence, so use a question mark at the end instead of a full stop. • What is your favourite food? • When would you like to go to London? • How do you feel today? • Would you like to have a glass of water? The following words can be used in questions, so decide if you will need a question mark when you use one of them: When

Where

Who

What

Why

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How

Write a question that might have the following answers. Don’t forget to use a question mark at the end of your question: Question: Answer: My mum, dad and brother. Question: Answer: My dream is to become a famous actress. Question: Answer: I would love to go to Paris to see the Eiffel Tower. Question: Answer: We went to the shops and bought some fruit for our lunch. Question: Answer: I had a fantastic time with my family.

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Inverted Commas show words that are spoken: • “What are you doing?” shouted Mr. Stevens. • The policeman shouted, “Stop right there!” • “Can I borrow your coat?” asked the old lady. • “Aaaaargh!” screamed the baby. Image © ThinkStock

If a new person starts speaking, write their words on a new line: • “How are you feeling today Sam?” asked Kelly. “I’m a bit tired, but I’m looking forward to swimming,” replied Sam. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 13

Use the words in the speech bubble to write a sentence with the inverted commas in the correct place: I have solved the crime!

Sherlock

I scored the winning goal!

Tim Images © ThinkStock

What shall I do today?

Fiona © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 14

An apostrophe is used to show where a letter (or more than one letter) has been missed out. do not --> don’t

I am --> I’m

can not --> can’t

are not --> aren’t

We will --> We’ll They have --> they’ve

Apostrophes are also used to show when something belongs to somebody. This book belongs • Susan’s game to ONE boy. We add an apostrophe • The doctors’ surgery and an s to show the boy owns the book. • The winner’s trophy. The boy’s book. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 15

These books belong to TWO boys. The apostrophe goes after the s to show that there is more than one boy.

The boys’ books. Images © ThinkStock

Can you match the people with the things that they might own and write a sentence about them, with an apostrophe in the correct place? People children teachers actors

doctor builders astronaut

Things that they might own policeman waiter musicians

messy desk scripts tray

hammers toys handcuffs

spacesuit surgery guitars

Can you think of any more words that use an apostrophe to show where a letter (or more than one letter) has been missed out?

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A colon can be used when you are about to write a list. • I have three pet rats: Bert, Ernie and Elmo. • Please bring the following items with you: a bank card, a bank statement and your passport. • The suitcase was stolen and these things were taken: some clothes, a mobile phone, a camera and a toothbrush. Colons are also used to introduce a second part of the sentence. The weather forecast was wrong: it rained all day. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 17

Complete the following sentences by adding a colon and a list of items that might complete it: 1) There are lots of different types of dogs ________________________________________________________________________ 2) A number of varieties of flowers can grow in the garden ________________________________________________________________________ 3) Kate has five favourite types of sport ________________________________________________________________________

Can you add a second part to this sentence, using a colon correctly? 1) The new phone was amazing 2) David knew that something was wrong 3) Hannah had made a mistake © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 18

Semi-colons are used to separate two parts of a sentence that could be written as two separate sentences. • It was winter; the snow was falling heavily. • Manchester United won the match; Chelsea weren’t happy. • Becky waited for hours; nobody came to see her. They can also be used in a list made of longer phrases. • The cat had thin, twitching whiskers; piercing eyes; soft, pink ears and a long swishing tail. • The baby boy had bright blue eyes; soft brown hair; a cute button nose and ten tiny toes! © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 19

Write a paragraph to describe the features of this smartphone. Use semi-colons to separate each item in your list. This amazing new phone has everything that you need: a 5 inch-touchscreen; free text messages; a calculator app; _________________________________ _________________________________________________ ____________________________________ _____________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________ k

toc

____________________________________ © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 20

S ink

Im

e ag

©

Th

Ellipses are used: 1) To show a pause in someone’s speech or thought. “I think... I’ve won the lottery!” “And then... he asked me to marry him!” 2) To build tension or show that a sentence is not finished. Paul looked up and couldn’t believe what he saw...

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Finish these people’s speech, using an ellipsis to show a pause. I think

I turned around and I saw

We were cycling in the park when we found

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Images © ThinkStock

Dashes are used to add extra information or comments to sentences.

Hyphens are shorter than dashes. They are used to link words together. Here are some examples:

• Paul was scared — more scared than he had ever been before. • She waited for a letter to arrive — but nothing came. • The dog was barking loudly — until its owner arrived. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 23

upside-down fire-fighter sugar-free son-in-law bad-tempered

Use a dash to add a comment or extra information to the end of these sentences: 1) He looked through the window ____________________________________________ 2) The driver couldn’t stop the car ___________________________________________ 3) Polly was frightened ____________________________________________________ 4) Everyone thought that Clare had gone ______________________________________

Can you find the pairs of words that are usually joined with a hyphen? first

ice

break

in fair

thinking

quick accident

good haired

skate prone

looking

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class

Brackets are used when the writer wants to add some extra information to a sentence. Sally (the girl with the pink shoes) was really upset! Tigers are carnivores (meat eaters). The new term at school starts on Monday (unfortunately). Louis (the one with the odd socks) decided to start the game. © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 25

Look at the sentences below and find the extra information that has been added. Can you put brackets around the correct words? 1) Most people 85 per cent voted against the closure of the local school. 2) I have two favourite drinks cola and lemonade but the shop didn’t have either. 3) Laura the smartest girl in the class always got top marks in our tests. 4) The summer holiday my favourite time of the year starts on Monday.

Use brackets to add a comment to the actions described below: 1) I looked behind the sofa and saw a huge spider ( _____________________________ ) 2) Kevin told me a really strange story ( _______________________________________ ) 3) Alex ( ____________________________________________________ ) won the race. 4) Mum sent my brother to the shops ( ________________________________________ )

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The first word of a sentence begins with a capital letter. • The fox squeezed through the gap in the fence. • Slowly and silently, Kelly opened the door. Names, titles and dates also start with a capital letter. Paul Germany Mrs. Jacobs Tuesday Don’t forget to use a capital letter for the pronoun ‘I’ too.

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August

Can you add the missing capital letters to the sentences below? 1) danny climbed up the eiffel tower in paris with his mum sue, dad gary and sister mary. 2) liam got a puppy for his birthday. he was overjoyed when he first saw it and he decided to call the dog barney. 3) on monday, mr atkins’ class went to dover castle. on tuesday, they wrote a report about their trip. on wednesday, their headteacher mrs crawley gave them all a sticker for working hard. 4) anthony loves watching doctor who on bbc1 every saturday night. 5) mark collects lego bricks he is building an enormous lego city! 6) in august, laura is going on holiday to italy. she is looking forward to visiting rome to see the colosseum.

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Use everything that you now know about punctuation to rewrite the following paragraph correctly: it was a quiet sunday afternoon lauras family paul sarah milly and hugo had gone out for a walk and left her at home on her own she was relaxing on the sofa watching britains got talent on the tv when she heard a noise coming from the garden a noise unlike anything she had ever heard before what was it she slowly got up and crept to the back door hello she called out is anyone there cautiously she turned the door handle and opened the door boo shouted her best friend who was hiding outside what did you do that for laura screamed calm down her friend replied why are you so bad tempered because you frightened the life out of me laura yelled dont be upset im sorry laura accepted her friends apology and they both hugged and went inside © Teaching Packs - Perfect Punctuation - Page 29