1. Introduction to Business Research Faculty of Economic Gunadarma University By Rowland Pasaribu

Why Study Business Research? Business research provides information to guide business decisions. Good research is like a parachute.

Research Should Help Respond to Change Enterprises have long recognized the need to better sense and respond to business change. What’s different today to access information and real-time communications have fostered an ‘always on’ business culture where decision making has become a ‘just-in-time process. Business Performance Management Forum

Research as a Scientific Method






Investigasi yg sistematis, terkontrol, empiris, & kritis terhadap suatu fenomena (sosial, ekonomi, bisnis) yg berkembang di dunia nyata. Investigasi yg dilakukan dg metode ilmiah. Ciri-ciri metode ilmiah: • Kritis & Analitis • Logis • Obyektif

• Konseptual &Teoretis • Empiris • Sistematis

Business Research Defined A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating relevant business data, information, and insights to decision makers, in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance.

Business Planning Drives Business Research

Organizational Mission

Business Goals

Business Strategies

Business Tactics

Business Decisions and Research Example: Häagen-Dazs Tactics






Super premium Dozens of flavors Small packages Signature colors on packaging Available in franchise and grocery stores

Two Categories of Research

Research based on the Purpose Basic Research  

Attempt to expand the limits of knowledge Not directly involved in the solution to a practical problem.

Applied Research 

Conducted when a decision must be made about a specific real-life problem. 9

Types of Research based on the Approaches taken

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

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Types of Research based on the Approaches Taken

Quantitative Research




By the numbers




Analysis of data using statistical tools




Data is based on samples & populations




Subject/object of research is relatively large (called respondent) 11

Qualitative Research 

By the words, numbers are not primary focus



Analysis and interpretation based on theories



Case based



Subject/object of research is relatively small (called informant)

4 Types of Research (Study)

Reporting

Descriptive

Explanatory/ Explorative

Predictive/ Causality

Business Research Business Intelligence


Doing business decisions based on business research




Data analysis is a must!




ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is a driver to enhance enterprise productivity.

Business Intelligence (BI)








BI is a set of methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information. BI can handle large amounts of information to help identify and develop new opportunities. Making use of new opportunities and implementing an effective strategy can provide a competitive market advantage and long-term stability.

Sources of Business Intelligence Government/ Regulatory

Demographic

Competitive

Business Intelligence

Technological

Economic

Cultural & Social

Who Conducts Business Research Business Researchers

Internal Research Department

Business Research Firms (MARS, Frontier, AC Nielsen)

External Research Suppliers

Communication Agencies (MATARI)

Consultants (MARK Plus, Enciety)

Trade Associations (ASITA, APRINDO, LP3I)

Syndicated Data Providers Company ACNielsen www. Acnielsen.com

Syndicated Service Scantrack

Homescan

What it Measure Provides sales tracking across grocery, drug, and mass merchandisers Provides consumer panel service for tracking retail purchases and motivations

J.D.Power Associates www.jdpower.com

PowerReport, Publishes in-depth analytical PowerGram, reports on automotive, travel etc health and other industries

Information Resources www.infores.com

BehaviorScan Collects store tracking data used with consumer panel data to track advertising influence in consumer packed goods

A Good Research for Business

Riset Binis yang baik dan benar adalah yang mengikuti standar-standar atau kaidah-kaidah metode ilmiah (scientific method).

A Good Research for Business Jaminan riset bisnis dilakukan dg benar, jika:
Tujuan penelitian didefinisikan jelas
Proses penelitian rinci
Disain penelitian direncanakan menyeluruh
Menerapkan standar etika yang tinggi
Kecocokan antara yg direncanakan dg aktual
Analisis tepat sesuai kebutuhan pembuat keputusan
Hasil temuan tidak membingungkan
Kesimpulan cocok dengan temuan

Clarifying the Research Question Exploration

Discover the Management Dilemma Define the Research Questions Refine the Research Questions

Research Proposal Research Design Strategy (type, purpose, time frame, scope, environment)

Data Collection Design

Sampling Design Instrument Development And Pilot Testing

Data Collection & Preparation Data Analysis and Interpretation Research Reporting Management Decision

Exploration

T A H A P A N P E N E L I T I A N

Business Research Stages Step 1:

Establishing the need for research

Step 2:

Defining research problem

 the most important & difficult step in research Step 3:

Establishing research objectives

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Business Research Stages Step 4: Determining research design  exploratory, descriptive, or causal research Step 5: Identifying information types & sources  primary and secondary data Step 6: Determining methods of collecting data  survey, observation, interview, secondary data analysis, etc 24

Business Research Stages Step 7 : Designing data collection forms  developing questionnaire, interview guide-list

Step 8 : Determining sample plan and size Step 9 : Collecting data  field research or secondary research

Business Research Stages Step 10: Analyzing data  editing, coding, processing, & analyzing

Step 11: Preparing & presenting final research report