Business Process Modelling Notation Basics
BPMN - OMG The Object Management Group (OMG) The Object Management Group (OMG®) is an international, open membership, not-for-profit technology standards consortium. Founded in 1989, OMG standards are driven by vendors, endusers, academic institutions and government agencies.
The OCEB Programme Certified Expert in BPM 2 (OCEB 2) The OCEB Programme consists of five examinations, granting five Certifications. Above the single Fundamental level, the program splits into two tracks : •
Business-oriented
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Technically oriented
Useful Links: http://www.omg.org/oceb-2/index.htm http://www.bpmn.org/
OMG Certified Expert in BPMN (OCEB 2) Fundamental Exam Coverage Table – Fundamental Exam Business Goals, Objectives 8% Business Basics from the purely Business Point of View: Business fundamentals, strategy, planning & goal-setting, PM, marketing, staffing & finance.
Business Process Concepts and Fundamentals 11% Fundamental aspects of Business Processes: •
Identifying (Discovering) business processes
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Characteristics of processes
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As-Is process vs. To-Be process
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Levels of business process modeling
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Tying Business Processes to Goals and Objectives
OMG Certified Expert in BPMN (OCEB 2) Fundamental Exam Coverage Table – Fundamental Exam Business Process Management Concepts and Fundamentals 10% Fundamentals of Business Process Management: •
Functional vs. Process-Centric Enterprise Organization
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Styles of Process Management
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Advancements in Process Management
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Stakeholders' Roles and Responsibilities
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Enabling Tools of Process Management
OMG Certified Expert in BPMN (OCEB 2) Fundamental Exam Coverage Table – Fundamental Exam Business Motivation Modeling BMM 16% The Business Rules Group (BRG) developed the Business Motivation Model The BMM provides a scheme or structure for developing, communicating, and managing business plans in an organized manner. Business Modeling Fundamentals - Elements of the Business Motivational Model: •
Business Vision, Goals & Objectives
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Means and Ends
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Mission
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Strategies
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Tactics
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Aspects of Business Modeling
Useful Links: http://www.businessrulesgroup.org/
OMG Certified Expert in BPMN (OCEB 2) Fundamental Exam Coverage Table – Fundamental Exam Business Process Modeling Concepts 24% BPMN Basics; Definition and use of all BPMN Elements included in the Descriptive and Analytic Conformance Subclasses; Activities; Grouping Elements of a Model. Note: This section is based on OMG's Business Process Model and Notation Specification™ Version 2 (BPMN™ 2). Attributes are not covered in this examination.
Business Process Modeling Skills 16% Most questions in this section ask something about a brief scenario presented either as a BPMN diagram or in a few sentences. All BPMN elements listed in the Descriptive and Analytic Conformance Subclasses are in scope. Note: This section is based on OMG's Business Process Model and Notation Specification™ Version 2 (BPMN™ 2). Attributes are not covered in this examination.
OMG Certified Expert in BPMN (OCEB 2) Fundamental Exam Coverage Table – Fundamental Exam Process Quality, Governance, and Metrics Frameworks 15% Awareness of Industry Reference Models, and Quality, Metrics, and Governance Frameworks: This section covers its topics at an high level, allowing the candidate to demonstrate awareness of a range of industry frameworks that may prove either beneficial or, for regulatory frameworks, required by law in a project.
Covered frameworks include : •
The APQC Process Classification Framework (http://www.apqc.org/)
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SCOR, Value Chain Reference Model (https://supply-chain.org/scor)
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Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM)
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Six Sigma (http://www.sixsigmacouncil.org/)
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Balanced Scorecard
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COBIT (http://www.isaca.org/COBIT/Pages/default.aspx?cid=1003566&Appeal=PR)
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Basel 2 (https://www.bis.org/list/bcbs/tid_22/index.htm)
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Sarbanes-Oxley (http://www.soxlaw.com/)
BPMN Specification
“Quick Guide 2nd Edition”
IT Innovation & Technology Exploitation DIGITAL ENABLEMENT
BPMN Basics Event An Event is something that “happens” during the course of a Process. These Events affect the flow of the model and usually have a cause (trigger) or an impact (result). Internal markers to differentiate different triggers or results. There are three types of Events, based on when they affect the flow: Start, Intermediate, and End.
Activity A generic term for work that company performs in a Process. An Activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). Activities types in a Process Model are: Sub-Process and Task. Activities are used in both standard Processes.
Sequence Flow Used to show the order that Activities will be performed
Gateway Used to control the divergence and convergence of Sequence Flows in a Process. Thus, it will determine branching, forking, merging, and joining of paths. Internal markers will indicate the type of behavior control.
BPMN Event Basics Start Indicates where a particular Process will start
Intermediate Occur between a Start Event and End Event. They affect the flow of the Process, but will not start or directly terminate the Process.
End The End Event indicates where a Process will end.
BPMN Activity Basics Task An atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail. Generally, an end-user, an application, or both will perform the Task.
Sub Process A Sub-Process is an Activity whose internal details have been modeled using Activities, Gateways, Events, and Sequence Flows. A Sub-Process can be “opened up” to show a lower-level Process. Sub-Processes define a contextual scope that can be used for attribute visibility, transactional scope, for the handling of exceptions of Events, or for compensation.
Call Activity A Call Activity identifies a point in the Process where a global Process or a Global Task is used. The Call Activity acts as a ‘wrapper’ for the invocation of a global Process or Global Task within the execution. The activation of a call Activity results in the transfer of control to the called global Process or Global Task.
BPMN Gateway Basics Exclusive Gateway ‘X’ A diverging Exclusive Gateway (Decision) is used to create alternative paths within a Process flow. This is basically the “diversion point in the road” for a Process. For a given instance of the Process, only one of the paths can be taken.
Inclusive Gateway ‘O’
Complex Gateway The Complex Gateway can be used to model complex synchronization behavior. For example, this Expression could specify that tokens on three out of five incoming Sequence Flows are needed to activate the Gateway
A diverging Inclusive Gateway (Inclusive Decision) can be used to create alternative but also parallel paths within a Process flow. Unlike the Exclusive Gateway, all condition Expressions are evaluated. The true evaluation of one condition Expression does not exclude the evaluation of other condition Expressions. All Sequence Flows with a true evaluation will be traversed by a token.
Parallel Gateway ‘
+’
A Parallel Gateway creates parallel paths without checking any conditions; each outgoing Sequence Flow receives a token upon execution of this Gateway. For incoming flows, the Parallel Gateway will wait for all incoming flows before triggering the flow through its outgoing Sequence Flows
BPMN Connecting Basic Objects Sequence Flow
Data Association
(Types : Normal, Uncontrolled, Conditional, Default, Exception) A Sequence Flow is used to show the order of Flow Elements in a Process or a Choreography. Each Sequence Flow has only one source and only one target. The source and target MUST be from the set of the following Flow Elements: Events, Activities, Choreography Activities and Gateways.
Data Associations are used to move data between Data Objects, Properties, and inputs and outputs of Activities, Processes, and GlobalTasks. Tokens do not flow along a Data Association, and as a result they have no direct effect on the flow of the Process.
Message Flow
Association
A Message Flow is used to show the flow of Messages between two Participants that are prepared to send and receive them. A Message Flow MUST connect two separate Pools. They connect either to the Pool boundary or to Flow Objects within the Pool boundary. They MUST NOT connect two objects within the same Pool.
A connecting object that is used to link information and Artifacts with Flow Objects. An association is represented as a dotted graphical line with an arrowhead to represent the direction of flow.
BPMN Data Objects & Artifacts Data Object Data is represented with the four elements: 1. Data Objects 2. Data Inputs 3. Data Outputs 4. Data Stores Data Objects provide information about what Activities require to be performed and/or what they produce, Data Objects can represent a singular object or a collection of objects. Data Object elements MUST be contained within Process or Sub- Process elements. Data Object References are a way to reuse Data Objects in the same diagram
Artifact BPMN provides modelers with the capability of showing additional information about a Process that is not directly related to the Sequence Flows or Message Flows of the Process. BPMN provides three standard Artifacts: Associations, Groups, and Text Annotations
BPMN Lane & Pool Lane A Lane is a sub-partition within a Process (often within a Pool) and will extend the entire length of the Process level, either vertically or horizontally
Lanes are used to organize and categorize Activities. (Shown above: 2 lanes in a horizontal pool)
Pool (Participant) A Pool is the graphical representation of a Participant in a Collaboration . It also acts as a “swimlane” and a graphical container for partitioning a set of Activities from other Pools, usually in the context of B2B situations. A Pool MAY have internal details, in the form of the Process that will be executed. Or a Pool MAY have no internal details, i.e., it can be a "black box."
BPMN Basic Example
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PLEASE CONSIDER THE ENVIRONMENT WHEN PRINTING OUT YOUR PRESENTATIONS. ONLY PRINT IN BLACK AND WHITE.
