COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
September 30, 2016
Building Transfer Student Success at Macomb Community College Michael Armijo, Community College Research Center Donna Petras, Macomb Community College
@CommunityCCRC @MacombCollege 1
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
September 30, 2016
Overview and Background
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Overview • Background • Research design • RQ #1: What are the characteristics of transfer students? • RQ #2: What are the enrollment patterns of transfer students? • RQ #3: What are the predictors of transfer student success? • Key takeaways
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Community College Research Center A leading independent authority on two-year colleges based at Teachers College, Columbia University. Founded in 1996, CCRC conducts research on the issues affecting community colleges and works with colleges and states to improve student success and institutional performance.
Areas of research include: • The role of the community college • High school to college transitions • Developmental education & adult basic skills • Student services and financial aid • Online learning and instructional technology • Student persistence, completion, & transfer • College to career and workforce education • Improving institutional performance
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Macomb Community College Macomb is a high enrollment college with many transfer partners
Picture here?
• 225+ transfer plans • 40+ transfer partners • University Center
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
U-PAC Members/Project Partners • Eastern Michigan University • Michigan State University • Lawrence Technological University • Ferris State University • Madonna University • Oakland University • Central Michigan University
• • • • • • •
University of Detroit–Mercy University of Michigan–Dearborn Wayne State University University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Walsh College Rochester College Western Michigan University
• Thank you to the Kresge Foundation for their support
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Project Motivation Why are we studying transfer? • Transfer students are at greater risk of not graduating • Institutional practices around transfer can be barriers student success • Macomb is in a “thick” market
• The U-PAC can work together to improve transfer success 7
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Background – Transfer in Michigan • 28 community colleges, over 400,000 students • 37% of students transfer to a 4-year, top 10 nationally • Transfers are critical to Bachelor's degree production in Michigan – 43% of all Bachelor's degree completers were enrolled in a 2-year at some point
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Background – Transfer in Michigan Transfer student outcomes: • 24% of students earn a certificate or Associate degree before transferring • Graduation rate at public 4-year institutions is 40% • Graduation rate at private non-profit institutions is 14%
Source: D. Jenkins & J. Fink. 2016. Tracking Transfer: New Measures of Institutional and State Effectiveness in Helping Community College Students Attain Bachelor’s Degrees.; National Student Clearinghouse. 2015. Contribution of two-year institutions to four-year completions. Snapshot report. 9
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Common barriers to transfer student success • Financial resources • Academic preparation • Lack of information • Campus climate
• Social integration 10
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
September 30, 2016
Research Design
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Goal & Research Questions Goal: Understand different types of transfer students, their success rates, and the factors related to success and failure Research Questions: 1. What are the characteristics of transfer students? 2. What are the enrollment patters of transfer students? 3. What are the predictors of transfer student completion?
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Data Sources: • Macomb Community College • National Student Clearinghouse • 14 U-PAC Colleges
Limitations: • Matched by encrypted student id; about 40% of students could not be matched • GPA calculation; credit accumulation; academic renewal 13
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Selection of the Sample Student Sample: • First time in college (FTIC) students • Enrolled at Macomb between spring 2007 and spring 2009 • Completed 9 or more credits at Macomb • Transferred between fall 2007 and spring 2009 • Transferred to a U-PAC Institution
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Selection of the Sample Sample Students enrolled at Macomb between spring 2007 and spring 2009 Completed 9 or more credits Transferred between fall 2007 and spring 2009
Transferred to a 4-year institution Transferred to a U-PAC institution
N 56,476 47,541 5,709
4,507 3,713
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building PRESENTATION Transfer Student TITLE IN Success HEADER / September / MONTH XX, 30, 2012 2016
Research Question #1: Characteristics
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Research Question #1 What are the characteristics of transfer students? • Types of transfer • Demographics (age, gender, financial aid, etc.) • Credit accumulation
• Completion 17
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Types of transfer students • 2-4: Start at Macomb and transfer to exactly one additional college – which is a U-PAC college – for at least one semester • 2-4-2: Start at Macomb, transfer to at least one U-PAC college for at least one semester, then back to Macomb • Swirler: Start at Macomb and transfer to least two additional colleges for at least one semester and whose last enrollment term is not at Macomb 18
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Why transfer pattern is important 1. Students who directly transfer (2-4 pattern) are most likely to graduate 2. 2-4-2 transfers and swirlers may spend more time and money than necessary, have little return 3. By examining student characteristics, we can see if transfer patterns are more likely to occur among particular groups
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Transfer Pattern Breakdown
2-4-2 N: 323 (9%)
Swirler N: 348 (13%)
2-4 N: 2,908 (78%)
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Age distribution (%) of transfer students
Less than 18 Swirler
17
2-4-2 transfer
16
2-4 transfer
16
18-20 49
53
48
21-30
30+ 26
8
20
12
27
10
21
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Race distribution (%)
White Swirler
Black
Hispanic 73
Other 8
Missing 9
8
9
2-4-2 transfer
82
4 5 3 10
2-4 transfer
81
3 4 4 10
22
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Gender distribution (%)
Female Swirler
2-4-2 transfer
2-4 transfer
51
49
55
Male 46
50
42
23
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
SES and Academic Performance EFC (zeros excluded) % Pell recipient (first term) Award amount (first term) Sample N
2-4 $26,176 15 $1,342 2,908
2-4-2 $24,692 21 $1,478 323
Swirler $24,902 26 $1,507 482
• High school graduation rates, dual enrollment rates, and placement exam scores are similar for all 3 groups
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Enrollment characteristics Matriculation term (%) Fall Spring Summer Matriculation year (%) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 % missing U-PAC transcript Sample N
2-4
2-4-2
Swirler
59 21 20
62 18 20
61 22 18
17.2 19.4 23.6 22.2 13.1 3.4 41.2 2,908
13.7 18.6 20.2 26.7 11.8 3.4 40.2 323
12.3 19.7 22.1 25.5 14.2 4.2 42.5 482 25
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Takeaways: Characteristics • Swirlers are more likely to be students of color • 2-4-2 transfers and swirlers are more likely to be Pell recipients and have a lower EFC • The 3 types have similar academic performance • Most transfers matriculate in the fall • Over 30% of transfer students were on campus for 3+ yrs 26
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Field of study for transfer students Art, Humanities, and English Business and Marketing Allied Health Education and Child Care Engineering and Architecture NA Social and Behavioral Sciences Engineering/Science Technologies Nursing Protective Services Computer and Information Science Mathematics and Science (STEM) Other Career and Technical Mechanics and Repair Secretarial and Administrative Services Communications and Design Culinary Services Manufacturing Automotive and Aeronautical Technology
0
500
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 27
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Field of study for transfer students Business and Marketing Allied Health Education and Child Care Engineering and Architecture Social and Behavioral Sciences Engineering/Science Technologies Nursing Protective Services Computer and Information Science Mathematics and Science (STEM) Other Career and Technical Mechanics and Repair Secretarial and Administrative Services Communications and Design Culinary Services Manufacturing Automotive and Aeronautical Technology 0
50
100 150 200 250 300 350 28
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Credits earned by transfer type 140
140 120 100
92 82
89
80 60
50
43
44
43
40
38
20 0 At Macomb pre-transfer
At U-PAC 2-4
2-4-2
Total
Swirler 29
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
% earning more than… 28 29
60 credits at Macomb 21
60 credits at U-PAC 4
60 credits at Macomb and U-PAC
7
30
71
23 22
120 credits
0
39
15 Swirler
29
71
30 2-4-2
45
60
75
2-4 30
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Credits upon return to Macomb 10
Attempted
22
9
Earned
19
0
5
10 Swirler
15
20
25
2-4-2 31
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
U-PAC
Macomb
GPA before and after transfer 2.8 Cumulative pre-transfer
2.7 3
2.5 Cumulative post-transfer
2.4 3.2 0
0.5
1 Swirler
1.5 2-4-2
2
2.5
3
3.5
2-4 32
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Credential attainment (%) 80
73.7
Any credential pre-transfer Associate degree pre-transfer Two-year award post transfer Bachelor’s degree
70 60 50
43.4
40
35.3
30
22.6
20 11.2 10
14.2 8.6 8.8
9.9
22.2 12
8.9
0 2-4
2-4-2
Swirler 33
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Takeaways: Credit accumulation & GPA • 2-4 transfers have better GPA than 2-4-2 and swirlers at Macomb and at their U-PAC destinations • The vast majority of students accumulate at least some excess credits before and after transferring • 2-4 transfers complete at the highest rates, 74%
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building PRESENTATION Transfer Student TITLE IN Success HEADER / September / MONTH XX, 30, 2012 2016
Research Question #2: Enrollment patterns
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Research Question #2 What are the enrollment patterns of transfer students? • # of colleges attended, enrollment intensity, outcomes • By destination • Major/degree area before and after transfer
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Time spent in public vs private institutions Control % of time at public institution % of time at private institution
2-4
2-4-2
Swirler
88.4 11.6
93.6 6.4
82.4 17.8
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Time Spent in 2- Versus 4-year Institutions Swirler
35
Reverse transfer 2-4-2
65
54
Direct transfer 2-4
47
28
0
72
20
40
60
80
100
% of time spent at 2yr institution % of enrollment spent at 4yr institution 38
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Enrollment intensity % of terms actively enrolled Before transfer After transfer % enrolling full-time in first term at Macomb
2-4
2-4-2
Swirler
60.5 96.5
60.2 84.8
58.2 82.1
38
36
37
39
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Associate degree recipient rates & timing by U-PAC destination H C F N G K D L A M J B I E
8%
5%
33%
32%
16%
16%
13%
13%
11%
11%
8%
14%
7%
15%
14%
6%
7% 4%
9% 12%
10%
5%
9% 6% 4%
0%
4% 2% 3%
10%
20%
% earned before transfer
30%
40%
% earned after transfer
50% 40
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
% Concurrently enrolling in 2 institutions at some point 50%
46%
45% 40% 35% 30% 23%
25% 20% 15%
13%
10% 5% 0% 2-4
2-4-2
Swirler 41
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
% of students with a matching field of study at Macomb and U-PAC 100 90 80 70 60
56.2
53.3
55.6
2-4
2-4-2
Swirler
50 40
30 20 10 0 42
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Transfer type by U-PAC destination E L J I G K N D A M F C B H
93%
3% 4%
92%
6% 2%
90%
0% 10%
87%
4%
84%
7%
75%
6%
74%
10%
72%
23% 32%
18%
53%
27%
16%
50%
20%
20%
11%
55%
0%
15%
14%
58%
8%
40%
2-4 2-4-2 Swirl
16%
13%
62%
9%
19%
13%
68%
9%
31% 42%
60%
80%
100% 43
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Transfer-in graduation rates (%) E J I K G Average A M D N C B F H L
95.7 95.0 88.9 83.3 80.6 54.8 78.8 72.1 68.5 66.9 54.5 42.2 26.3 8.3 2.3 0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0 44
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Bachelor recipient rates and GPA by destination Graduation rate (%) Pre-transfer cumulative GPA at Macomb Post-transfer cumulative GPA at UPAC schools
100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
4.00 3.50 3.00
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50
0.00 E
J
I
K
G
A
M
D
N
C
B
F
H
L
45
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Credits earned by destination 200 150 100 50 0 D
E
J
I
A
B
Macomb credits earned
G
C
F
N
K
L
M
H
U-PAC credits earned 46
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Fields of study across U-PAC destinations A
Art, Humanities, and English
B
Mathematics and Science (STEM) Social and Behavioral Sciences
C D
Agriculture and natural resources Business and marketing
E F
Communications and design
G
Computer and Information Sciences Engineering and architecture
H
I
Engineering/science technologies Education and child care
J K
Allied Health
L M
Transportation
N
Protective services
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Other career-technical
47
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Some U-PAC schools are destinations for specific fields A
Art, Humanities, and English
B
Mathematics and Science (STEM) Social and Behavioral Sciences
C
Engineering and architecture, 62%
D
Agriculture and natural resources Business and marketing
E
Allied Health, 60%
F
Communications and design
G
Computer and Information Sciences Engineering and architecture
H
Allied Health, 65%
I
Engineering/science technologies Education and child care
J K
Business and marketing, 80%
L
Allied Health
M
Transportation
N
Protective services
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Other career-technical
48
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Some U-PAC schools are destinations many fields of study A
Art, Humanities, and English
B
Mathematics and Science (STEM) Social and Behavioral Sciences
C D
Agriculture and natural resources Business and marketing
E F
Communications and design
G
Computer and Information Sciences Engineering and architecture
H
I
Engineering/science technologies Education and child care
J K
Allied Health
L M
Transportation
N
Protective services
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Other career-technical
49
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Transfer students and BA recipients by U-PAC destination G N L A M E I D B K C J F H 0.0%
37% 24%
44%
10%
10.0%
20.0%
% of all transfers
30.0%
40.0%
% of all bachelor's recipients
50.0% 50
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Field of study at Macomb for transfers who earn a Bachelor’s degree Allied Health Art, Humanities, and English Business and marketing Computer and Information Sciences Education and child care Engineering and architecture Engineering/science technologies Mathematics and Science (STEM) Protective services Social and Behavioral Sciences 0%
10%
Swirler
2-4
20%
30%
40%
50%
51
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Field of study at Macomb for transfers who do not earn a Bachelor’s degree Allied Health
Art, Humanities, and English Business and marketing Computer and Information Sciences
Education and child care Engineering and architecture Engineering/science technologies Mathematics and Science (STEM) Protective services Social and Behavioral Sciences 0%
10%
Swirler
2-4
20%
30%
40%
50% 52
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Takeaways: Enrollment Patterns • Students with a 2-4 pattern spend less time at Macomb, 2-4-2 transfers spend the most • Upon arriving at their destination, stopping out is more common among students who swirl or 2-4-2 transfer • A low percentage of students earn an Associate before transferring
53
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Takeaways: Enrollment Patterns • 71% of the transfers from Macomb attend just 3 institutions • Two destinations account for ~70% of all transfers that earn a Bachelor’s • Transfer patterns and graduation rates vary greatly across destinations • 2-4 transfers who never earn a degree are most likely to come from Business and Arts and Humanities 54
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building PRESENTATION Transfer Student TITLE IN Success HEADER / September / MONTH XX, 30, 2012 2016
Research Question #3: Predictors
55
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Research Question 3 What are the predictors of transfer student success? • Outcomes – Type of transfer – Degree completion
• Covariates – Type of transfer student – Student characteristics – Enrollment patterns 56
COMMUNITY COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTER / MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Building Transfer Student Success / September 30, 2016
Predicting Transfer Patterns Predictor Female Black Hispanic Missing race variable Other Race Year of Birth Has dependent Is high school grad Ever dual enroll Intention at College entry Recreation 2 year degree Transfer EFC term 1 Receive Pell in term 1 Credits earned in term 1 GPA in term 1
2-4-2 0.03 -0.07 0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 ** -0.04 -0.02 -0.01
Swirler -0.01 ** 0.03 -0.03 0.00 -0.05 *** 0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.01
0.03 0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.08 ** 0.00 0.03
-0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 *** 0.00 -0.02 **
*P