Building Self reliance in GIS based Risk Mapping in the Caribbean Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs): Approaches and Lessons Learnt

Building Self‐reliance in GIS‐based Risk  Mapping in the Caribbean Overseas  Countries and Territories (OCTs):  Approaches and Lessons Learnt Gabriell...
Author: Imogene Lester
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Building Self‐reliance in GIS‐based Risk  Mapping in the Caribbean Overseas  Countries and Territories (OCTs):  Approaches and Lessons Learnt Gabrielle Thongs MSc, Jacob Opadeyi, PhD, and Melanie Harris. UWI, St Augustine & Lavern Rogers-Ryan Physical Planning Department, Montserrat

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The Caribbean’s Vulnerability   • The Caribbean region is vulnerable to a number of natural disasters. • The diversity of this region’s spatial location, population density and distribution, geology, topography and climate have resulted in elevated vulnerability levels to hurricanes, floods, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides. • The impacts of each these natural disasters events have resulted in the decrease of economic growth and injury or death of citizens of the Caribbean.

The Caribbean’s Vulnerability  • As the complexity, frequency, and severity of these disasters gradually increase, there is a growing realization that it is insufficient to address the risk solely in the response and recovery phases. • The momentum for change was spurred largely by the cost of disasters of the last decade. • Being able to analyse, and anticipate the effects of disasters through modelling is a key component in reducing susceptibility.

Basic Points GIS & Disaster Management • GIS technology provides a robust approach to hazard  mapping, vulnerability assessment and risk mapping through  the integration of data, models and local knowledge.  • The technical know‐how in the design, development and use  of GIS technology is yet not readily available to disaster  managers in the British and Dutch Caribbean Overseas  territories (COTs).  • Through the R3i projects, a concerted effort was made to  ensure that GIS capacity building and enhancement is a  concrete outcome of the project

Learning by Doing Approach – R3i Model • In order to achieve this outcome, an innovative  teaching approach of learning‐by‐doing was  developed. • A mix of in‐country and regional learning modules  were designed and delivered to the disaster  managers.  • Learning was put into practice by actual projects  designed to build self‐reliance.

Capacity Building Goals  • Increased capacity in hazard mapping and  associated vulnerability assessments, to further  be incorporated into spatial information systems  to inform planning and development processes  • Local capacities to develop and implement  mitigation strategies be strengthened through  the provision of tools (spatial data infrastructure  and models) and best practices to support  comprehensive disaster risk management. 

Capacity Building Goals  • To provide relevant national agencies with  responsibilities for disaster risk management  (preparation, mitigation, response and  recovery) with risk information tools and data  (hazard maps and vulnerability assessments)  and a GIS framework for use in their daily  work, and develop their capacity to manage  risk information data

The Approaches Learning by  doing

Multi‐agency,  multi‐ discplinary

Regional and  country level  training

Country‐specific  examples and  exercises

The Pathway

Needs assessment

Acquisition of  tools and data

Design and  delivery of  training  workshops

Application of  training skills

Results from Hazard Identification & Prioritization  Workshop

Results from Hazard Identification & Prioritization  Workshop

Results from Hazard Identification & Prioritization  Workshop

Data Required to Build the Hazard Model Data Required to Build the Hazard Model Hazard

Data required to Build Model

Roads Rivers Flood past occurrence data Soils Land Cover Flood Rainfall Flow Rate Rainfall Intensity & Velocity Cross section survey of rivers 3d topographical survey of flood plains High resolution digital elevation models Roads Rivers Sea Level Rise Bathymetry Tidal data High resolution DEM

Available √ √ √ x x x x x x x √ √ x x x

Data Required to Build the Hazard Model Hazard

Tsunamis

Storm Surge

Data required to Build Model Roads Rivers Bathymetry Tidal data High resolution DEM Roads Rivers Bathymetry Tidal data High resolution DEM

Available √ √ x x x √ √ x x x

1. Introduction  to GIS concepts  and applications  in hazard  mapping and  vulnerability  assessment

5. Building GIS  Applications in  SUpport of  DIsaster Risk  Management 

4. Feature  extraction  from satellite  imagery

Self‐reliance  in GIS‐based  Risk  Mapping 

2. Field data  collection  using  integrated  GPS/GIS  systems 

3. Editing  and  managing  spatial data 15

Introduction to GIS Concepts and its Applications in Hazard  Mapping

Participants – 20 participants 9 islands  Learning Outcomes • To expose participants to the use of GIS concepts and  application in Disaster Risk Management. • To explore how GIS applications are built in support  of landslide/flood risk modelling.  • To provide participants with an appreciation of  resources required and challenges in the use of  geoinformatics in support of hazard mapping and  vulnerability assessment.

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Regional Training Workshop 2:  Field Data Collection Using Integrated GPS/GIS system

• Participants ‐ Twenty‐two (22) participants from  ten (10) islands Learning Outcome • To expose participants to the use of GPS/GIS  equipment • To explore how participants how to use GPS/GIS  for rapid field data collection on critical facilities  • To provide participants with an appreciation of  how to use GPS/GIS for incident mapping.

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Regional Training Workshop 3:  Editing and managing spatial data Twenty‐five (25) participants from ten (10) islands  • Learning Outcome • To expose participants to the use of GIS systems • To explore how to use GIS for building, managing  and editing spatial data • To provide participants with an appreciation of  how to use GIS for hazard mapping

Workshop Output: 

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Regional Training Workshop 4: Features  Extraction from Satellite Images • Twenty‐five (25) participants from ten (10) islands Learning Outcome • Understand the electromagnetic spectrum, and how it  applies to remote sensing. • Interpret the basic features and characteristics of earth  surfaces on satellite imagery. • Know how to extract and interpret information from  remotely sensed data.

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Workshop Output

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Emergency Management and Response Planning  Using GIS/GPS

At the end of the training, participants were able to:  • Use Microsoft Access to build an Incidents‐ oriented database • Use ArcCatalog and ArcPad to link the Access  database to a Juno mobile unit • Use Juno to map incidents • Use ALOHA to evaluate calculate the evacuation  zone necessary for an incident • Use Network Analysis to compute the best  evacuation route from an incident.

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Workshop 5B: Coastal Risk Assessment Learning Outcomes • Use Microsoft Access to build an Incidents‐oriented database • Use ArcCatalog and ArcPad to link the Access database to a Juno  mobile unit • Use Juno to map incidents • Identify vulnerable population • Identify susceptible coastal zones • Use ALOHA to evaluate calculate the evacuation zone necessary for  an incident • Use Network Analysis to compute the best evacuation route and  shelter from an incident.

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The Challenges • The design and delivery of training workshops in a multi‐ island environment poses the following challenges: • Availability of adequate training facilities and equipment in  each island • Coping with learners with varying levels of skills • Identifying local knowledge champions who may be  considered as a trainer to be used to propagate the  knowledge transferred in their respective island. • The ability of participants to use the knowledge gained  immediately after the training • The logistic night mare of organising regional workshops

Conclusion • In terms of reach, the R3i project was able to  enhance the capacity of several persons from  the participating states who on their own may  not be able to have access to the training  workshops offered.

Acknowledgement

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