BT 0085 Server Side Programming – Practical Contents Guidelines for conducting Practical Exercises Exercise1 Installation, Configuration and Execution of a Servlet Exercise 2 Execution of a JSP page Exercise 3 Hello World Using Servlets Exercise 4 Search for Prime Numbers Using Servlets Exercise 5 A Simple Cookie using Servlets Exercise 6 Reading HTML Form Parameters using Servlets Exercise 7 Servlet Session Tracking

i-iv 1 32 38 39 40 41 43

Exercise 8 Simple Query Execution using Servlets

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Exercise 9 Generating a HTML Table Based on Query Results using Servlets

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Edition: Spring 2009 th

BKID – B1089 30 Sept. 2009

Exercise 10 Servlet Life Cycle Demo

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Exercise 11 Hello World Using JSP

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Exercise 12 Date Display Using JSP

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Exercise 13 Include Directive Demo Using JSP

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Exercise 14 Scriptlets Demo Using JSP

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Acknowledgements, References & Suggested Readings 53

Director & Dean Directorate of Distance Education Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical & Technological Sciences (SMU DDE) Board of Studies Dr. U. B. Pavanaja (Chairman) General Manager – Academics Manipal Universal Learning Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore. Prof. Bhushan Patwardhan Chief Academics Manipal Education Bangalore. Dr. Harishchandra Hebbar Director Manipal Centre for Info. Sciences, Bangalore. Dr. N. V. Subba Reddy HOD – CSE Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal. Dr. Ashok Hegde Vice President MindTree Consulting Ltd., Bangalore. Dr. Ramprasad Varadachar Director, Computer Studies Dayanand Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore. Content Preparation Team Content Writing Mr. Nirmal Kumar Nigam Asst. Professor & HoP – IT SMU DDE, Manipal

Nirmal Kumar Nigam HoP – IT Sikkim Manipal University – DDE Manipal. Dr. A. Kumaran Research Manager (Multilingual) Microsoft Research Labs India Bangalore. Ravindranath P. S. Director (Quality) Yahoo India, Bangalore. Dr. Ashok Kallarakkal Vice President IBM India, Bangalore. H. Hiriyannaiah Group Manager EDS Mphasis, Bangalore.

Content Editing Mr. Purushotham U Asst. Professor – IT SMU DDE, Manipal.

Instructional Design Mr. Kulwinder Pal Asst. Professor – Education SMU DDE, Manipal. Edition: Spring 2009 This book is a distance education module comprising a collection of learning material for our students. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim. Printed and published on behalf of Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim by Mr. Rajkumar Mascreen, GM, Manipal Universal Learning Pvt. Ltd., Manipal – 576 104. Printed at Manipal Press Limited, Manipal.

SUBJECT INTRODUCTION The subject titled “Server Side Programming – Practical” bearing the subject code BT 0085 is a two credit subject of fourth semester in BSc IT program, and it is a complimentary subject to the “Server Side Programming – Theory” bearing the subject code BT 0083 This lab manual intends the student to gain experience in Server Side Programming with Servlets and developing Web applications with Java Server Pages, both of which are the products of Sun Micro Systems. The applications developed are run at the Server and the corresponding output in the form of HTML pages is displayed in the Client browser. The user should be familiar with the concepts of client side programming using HTML to create the Web pages and he / she should also be familiar with server side programming using Servlets or JSP. For server side programming the user is supposed to know the installation and configuration steps of the Web Server like Apache Tomcat (5.0 0r higher version). The Software’s required are free and can be downloaded from the URLs indicated in the following pages. The exercises given here cover the concepts of basic Servlet programming, handling Form data, Exception Handling, Session tracking, and Database Connectivity. This lab manual is prepared with an intention of increasing the comfort level of students in Server Side programming using Servlets and/or Java Server Pages. The successful completion of these exercises would enable the students to be comfortable with the skills needed for implementation of client and server side programming. The following subjects deal with the theoretical aspects and sample exercises for reference. 1. BT0083 – Server Side Programming – Theory – IV Semester 2. BT0072 – Computer Networks – I Semester 3. BT0074 – OOPs with Java – II Semester

4. BT0075 – RDBMS With MySQL – II Semester 5. BT0078 – Website Design – II Semester Objectives The objective of this manual is to make the student to get hands on experience regarding the application of theoretical concepts learnt in this or the previous semesters. It covers the installation and configuration of related software i.e., the Apache Tomcat Web Server Software. The set of exercises included as part of this lab manual intend to make the students more practical oriented and also to pave the way for using Java, Servlets, and Java Server programming for complex and real time applications. The manual provides the user with the following details regarding the experiments to be completed: 1. Software installation and configuration 2. Problem Statement 3. Algorithm The manual also provides the list of commands to be used for editing, typing, and compilation of the given programs. The time requirement for individual exercises is also specified. The format for preparation and submission of these exercises at Learning Centers would be as follows and it should be placed as the “Table of Contents” page in the Practical Record.

After completing various practical exercises of this subject, you should be able to: illustrate the usage, configuration and deployment of Servlets and JSP programs on Web Servers. implement various applications of Servlets and JSP in real time applications. apply database connectivity using Servlets and / or JSP and perform database related operations. explain the usage of Cookies in Server side programming.

read input from HTML forms and sending it to web servers for processing and retrieving the processed information into the HTML forms. use sessions to keep track of transactions between clients and servers. illustrate the usage of scriptlets and directives in JSP pages. Software and Hardware Requirements The following are the software and hardware requirements for performing the given exercises. Software Requirements 1. JSDK 1.5 or Higher Version 2. Web Servers:  Apache Tomcat (5.5 or Higher versions)  Sun Java Web Server  Java Servlet Development Kit 3. Java IDE’s [Optional]:  Eclipse  JCreator Pro Version 4 or higher 4. Internet Explorer 6.0 or Mozilla Firefox or any other Java Compatible browser Hardware Requirements 1. P-IV or higher system 2. 80 GB Hard Disk 3. 512 MB RAM (Recommended 1GB for optimal performance)

Server Side Programming – Practical

Exercise 1

Installation, Configuration and Execution of a Servlet

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to install, configure and deploy the Servlet Software on your local machine and execute a simple application like printing the message “Hello World” on the Web browser. Procedure: The steps below are a walkthrough of the deployment of required software, which would in turn be useful for completing the rest of the exercises of this practical subject. Step 1: Download the Java Software from: http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp and install in a preferred drive of your hard disk. Example: D:\jdk1.6 and D:\jre1.6 Step 2: Download the apache tomcat web server software from: http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi OR Download the Sun Microsystems Servlet Software from: http://java.sun.com/products/archive/servlet/ Step 3: Configure the following environmental variables as shown below:  PATH =.;d:\jdk1.6\bin;%PATH%;  CLASSPATH = D:\Tomcat 5.5\common\lib\servlet-api.jar;  JAVA_HOME = D:\jdk1.6;

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On the Desktop, Right – Click on My Computer Icon as shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1: My Computer Icon

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Now click on the Properties tab on the pop up window and the following window (Fig.1.2) would be displayed. Then select the Advanced Tab of the Window.

Fig. 1.2: System Properties – Advanced Tab

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Now click on the Environment Variables button at the bottom of the window which is shown in Fig: 1.2 and the following window would be displayed.

Fig. 1.3: Environment Variables

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Click on New Button to create the CLASSPATH Environmental variable as follows:

Fig. 1.4: CLASSPATH Environmental variables

You fill in the variable value with the path where the Servlet-api.jar file is located and click on OK button.

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Again Click on New Button to create the JAVA_HOME Environmental variable as follows:

Fig. 1.5: Java Home Environmental Variables

Once created, click on OK button and again click on the New Button to create the PATH Environmental variable as follows:

Fig. 1.6: PATH Environmental variables Sikkim Manipal University

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The Path Environmental Variable would already be created in the System Variables Tab of Environment Variables window. Now append the JDK Path value to the already existing Path Variable by selecting it and clicking on the Edit Button as follows:

Fig. 1.7: Edit System Variables

Append the following statement to the existing Path Variable: D:\jdk1.6\bin;%PATH%; Now click on OK and close the System Properties Window.

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Step 4: Configuring the Internet Explorer as follows: Open the Internet Explorer, click on Tools in the menu bar of Internet Explorer. A drop down window is displayed under the Tools Menu, Now click on the Internet Options located as the bottom most option and the following window is displayed:

Fig. 1.8: Internet Options

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Now click on the Connections tab and the following screen would appear:

Fig. 1.9: Connections Tab

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Now click on the LAN Settings button and the following screen would appear:

Fig. 1.10: LAN Setting Screen

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Now click on the Advanced Button under the Proxy server tab and the following window would appear:

Fig. 1.11: Proxy Settings

Under the Exceptions tab, type the keyword “localhost”, it is a parameter for the Internet Explorer to recognize your system with the name localhost and listen to it on the default port setting of 8080. Now click on OK button and close the Internet options window.

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Step 5: Installation Process of Apache Tomcat Web Server The following screen shots show the installation process of the Web Server. After you installed the Server Software from the specified URL given above, you would be having the following two files in your hard disk which is shown in Fig: 1.12.

Fig. 1.12: Apache Tomcat Web Server files

Now double-click on the following highlighted file to start the installation of the Web Server Software on your hard disk:

Fig. 1.13: Web Server Software

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The following start up window would be displayed indicating the start of the installation process:

Fig. 1.14: Exe Run

Fig. 1.15: Apache Tomcat setup wizard-1

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Now click on the Next button to continue the installation process and the following window is displayed:

Fig. 1.16: Apache Tomcat setup wizard - 2

Now click on the button “I Agree” and the following window would be displayed:

Fig. 1.17: Apache Tomcat setup wizard - 3

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Select the type of install as full by clicking on the drop down list box as shown below:

Fig. 1.18: Apache Tomcat setup wizard - 4

After selecting the “Full” option, the following window would be displayed:

Fig. 1.19: Choosing Components to be installed

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This option selection would load all the applications and documentation associated with the Server. On clicking Next button, a window asking for the location of installation would pop up as below:

Fig. 1.20: Choosing Installation Location

You can specify the destination folder where you wish the server to be installed and click on the Next button to continue with the installation process. The following window would prompt for Configuration information to be entered:

Fig. 1.21: Admin Configuration Options

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You can specify the information regarding the port number, Administrator login properties like user name and password and click on Next button.

Fig. 1.22: Selection of JRE installation folder

Choose the path on your hard disk where the Java runtime environment (JRE) is installed and Click the OK button in the Browse For Folder Pop-up window.

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Fig: 1.23: Browse For Folder Pop up window

Click on the OK Button after choosing the appropriate drive and directory or folder and the following screen would be displayed.

Fig. 1.24: Tomcat Set up Process Sikkim Manipal University

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Fig. 1.25

Fig. 1.26: Tomcat Set up Wizard Completion

Once this screen comes up, you have successfully installed the Apache Web Server in your system. Now click on the Finish button to complete the installation process.

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Now unzip the apache-tomcat-5.5.2.7 zip or rar file and extract the files to D:\ or your previous installation of the tomcat server.

Fig. 1.27: Extracting Zip Files

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The following screen shows the setting of extraction path to the zip or rar file of your Apache Tomcat Web Server.

Fig. 1.28: Zip File extraction path

Press the OK button to start unzipping the files.

Fig. 1.29 Sikkim Manipal University

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The unzipped files would be appearing in the D:\ (or your installation directory) as shown below:

Fig. 1.30

Now click on the folder “apache-tomcat-5.5.27\bin” and the following contents would be popped up:

Fig. 1.31: apache-tomcat-5.5.27\bin folder content

This folder contains all the necessary files for running and configuring the Web Server. Sikkim Manipal University

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Open the “setclasspath” MS-DOS Batch File by right clicking on it and then clicking on the Edit Tab of the pop – up menu as shown below:

Fig. 1.32: Setting classpath in Tomcat Bin Folder

The following Notepad file would be opened up for editing, where in you set the variables “JAVA_HOME” and “JRE_HOME”.

Fig. 1.33: Setting JAVA_HOME and JRE-HOME Environmental Variables Sikkim Manipal University

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Enter the path of installation of your JDK\bin and JRE files and save the Notepad file in the same directory and path. (Note: Do not change anything else in the file and also the drive and directory).

Fig. 1.34: Saving setclasspath File

After saving the file click on the Tomcat Service Runner Icon to start the server as shown below:

Fig. 1.35: Starting Tomcat Service Runner

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The Server start window would be displayed as shown below:

Fig. 1.36: Server Start Window

Now minimize this window to keep the Web Server running and go to your Browser like Internet Explorer and type in the URL “http://localhost:8080/” in the address bar to see the following content displayed in the Browser Window:

Fig. 1.37: Successful Deployment of Tomcat Web Server

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Once this is displayed, it shows successful completion of the entire installation process. Now type in the following source code into a file named “HelloWorld.java” and place it in the bin directory of your jdk installation folder (For example: D:\jdk1.6\bin) and compile it as shown below: import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println("Hello World!"); out.println(""); out.println(""); out.println("Hello World!"); out.println(""); out.println(""); }}

Figure 1.38: Sample Code for HelloWorld Servlet

Steps for Compiling and Running the Servlets: 1. Go to Desktop -> Start -> Run and type cmd to open the Command Prompt as shown below:

Fig. 1.39: Invoking the command prompt window

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A command window would be displayed; Go to the drive and directory where your java software is installed and go to the bin directory.

Fig. 1.40: Command Window Displayed

Now type in the text “edit HelloWorld.java” at the command prompt as shown below and press enter:

Fig. 1.41: Invoking the editor for Java File

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Now a blank window would appear where in you need to type in the Servlets program code as shown below:

Fig. 1.42: Java Code in Editor

Now save the file as HelloWorld.java and come back to the command prompt for compilation of the source file as shown below:

Fig. 1.43: Compiling the HelloWorld.java File

Once the Servlet Source File is successfully compiled, copy the source file (.java file) and the corresponding Class File (.class file) to the directory “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\WEB-INF\classes” folder. Sikkim Manipal University

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The webapps folder contains the following folders:

Fig. 1.44: webapps folder content

If you create a new folder under the directory of “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps”, then make sure that you copy the following two files into your folder from either the Servlets-examples folder or jsp-examples folder: 1. classes folder and 2. WEB-INF XML file into your own named folder as shown below under “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\”:

Fig. 1.45: User Folder Contents

The above files should be included in your folder for the browser to recognize your compiled class files. Before proceeding further, the following operations need to be done to the existing classes’ folder and WEB-INF xml files in your directory or folder. Sikkim Manipal University

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1. For web.xml source file: Right – click on the web.XML source file in your folder and click on the Edit option, it would be opened in a notepad.Only the following content should appear in the web.xml file: Servlet 2.4 Examples Servlet 2.4 Examples. HelloWorld HelloWorld HelloWorld /servlet/HelloWorld Figure 1.46: web.xml file Content

Note: All other content can be safely deleted. Now save the web.xml file. 2. For classes folder: Open the classes folder and make it empty. After copying the source file (.java file) and the corresponding Class File (.class file) to the directory “D:\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\NKNIGAM\WEBINF\classes” folder the classes’ folder under your named directory or folder would appear as shown below: Sikkim Manipal University

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Fig. 1.45: WEB-INF/classes folder content

Now start the Web Server and give the following URL in the address bar of the browser window: http://localhost:8080/NKNIGAM/HelloWorld in the address bar of your browser and you see the following output:

Fig. 1.46: Output of HelloWorld.java Servlet Program

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Exercise 2

Execution of a JSP page

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to install, configure and deploy the Servlet Software on your local machine and execute a simple application like printing the message “Hello World” on the Web browser. Procedure: The steps below are a walkthrough of the deployment and configuration settings of the required software, which would in turn be useful for completing the rest of the exercises related to Java Server Pages (JSP) of this practical subject. Since the Web Server configuration has already been explained in Exercise – 1, the steps discussed below are the continuation for deployment, configuration and execution of JSP. Configuring the Web Server and running JSP pages: Step – 1: Open the Tomcat Installation directory and the folders shown in figure 2.1 would be displayed.

Fig. 2.1: Folders in Tomcat installation directory

Step – 2: Right – click on the conf folder to open it as shown in figure 2.2 below: Sikkim Manipal University

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Fig. 2.2: Right – click on conf folder to open it

Step – 3: Right – click on the server.xml file of conf folder and click on the Edit option as shown in figure 2.3 below:

Fig. 2.3: Right – click on server.xml file for editing

Step – 4: Write the following code at the end before the tag within the server.xml file of conf folder, which indicates the server to find the drive and directory of the class files as shown in figure 2.4 below:

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Fig. 2.4: Setting the Context Path and docBase parameters

Now save the server.xml file as it is. Note: No other content should be touched within that file. Step -5: Write a JSP code using an editor like Notepad as shown in figure 2.5 below:

Fig. 2.5: Creation of a Notepad file on the desktop

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Fig. 2.6: Creation of Hello1.jsp file

Step – 6: Rename the notepad file as Hello1.jsp as shown in figure 2.6 below: Step – 7: Now type in the following JSP code in the Hello1.jsp file as shown in figure 2.7 below:

Fig. 2.7: Content of Hello1.jsp file

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Step – 8: Save the Hello1.jsp file and copy it from Desktop and paste it in the bin directory of Java as shown in figure 2.8 below:

Fig. 2.8: Copy and paste the Hello1.jsp file in the Java Bin directory

Step – 9: Now place the same Hello1.jsp file in the webapps directory of your Tomcat installation as shown in figure 2.9 below:

Fig. 2.9: Copy and paste the Hello1.jsp file in the webapps folder of Tomcat installation directory

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Fig. 2.10: User directory in webapps folder

Step – 10: To run the Hello1.jsp application, go to the browser and type in the following URL as shown in Figure 2.11 below: http://localhost:8080/webapps/JSPTEST/Hello1.jsp.

Fig. 2.11: Running the Hello1.jsp file in Internet Explorer

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Exercise 3

Hello World using Servlets

Objective: This exercise is intended to display the string message "Hello World" every time it is accessed via a web browser with Servlets. Procedure: The following steps guide you the process of running the application. Step – 1: Use an editor like notepad to type in the code for the Servlet. Step – 2: Save the file as HelloWorld.java in the Java bin directory. Step – 3: Compile the file at the command prompt of Java bin directory or through a GUI editor. Step – 4: After successful compilation of the .java file into a .class file, copy and paste both .java and .class files into the named folder created by the user under Tomcat installation directory as explained in exercise – 1. Step – 5: Execute the application in a browser as shown in figure 3.1 below: Sample Output:

Fig. 3.1: Sample output of running HelloWorld.java

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Exercise 4

Search for Prime Numbers using Servlets

Objective: This exercise enables you to carry on search for large prime numbers. Procedure: This Servlet searches for prime numbers above one quadrillion. Algorithm: Step – 1: Import the following packages into your program: java.util.*; java.io.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http*; Step – 2: Set the start number as one quadrillion. Step – 3: Select odd-numbered candidates. Step – 4: Divide them by every odd integer between 3 and their square root. If none of the integers evenly divides the candidate, it is declared prime. Step – 5: Run the application in browser window. Sample Output:

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Exercise 5

A Simple Cookie using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, yours should be able to understand and apply cookies in various real time programs. Algorithm: Step – 1: Import the following necessary packages: java.io.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http.*; Step – 2: Write a public class that extends the HttpServlet class. Step – 3: Within the doGet method use the following sequence of

steps: Define content type Declare a Print Stream output object to print the output on the Web Browser Check to see if there are any cookies by declaring an array of Cookie objects. Sample Output

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Exercise 6

Reading HTML Form Parameters using Servlets

Objective: After undertaking this exercise, you should be able to write programs to create HTML forms and pass parameters to them for processing by the Web Server Procedure: Create a HTML Form and write the corresponding server side code to process the parameters passed. Step – 1: Write a HTML form as shown in the sample form of Figure 6.1 below. Step – 2: Import the following packages into your program: java.util.*; java.io.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http*;

Step – 3: Write a Server Side program using java to read the parameters passed by HTML form using req.getParameter(string) method. Step – 4: Compile and run the program. Step – 5: Copy and Paste the .java and the corresponding .class file in the directory “\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\yourfoldername\WEB-INF\classes”. Step – 6: Make entries in web.xml file of your WEB-INF directory. Step – 7: Run the application using the Web Browser. Sample Input:

Fig. 6.1: HTML Form for entering parameters Sikkim Manipal University

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Sample Output:

Fig. 6.2: Output of Submit Query

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Exercise 7

Servlet Session Tracking

Objective: After the completion of this exercise, you should be able to understand the implementation of sessions and their usage in real time applications. Procedure: Step – 1: Write the code using Session objects and integer variables in a .java file and compile it. Step-2: Copy the corresponding .class file into \Tomcat\webapps\your folder. Step – 3: Update the web.xml deployment descriptor with the entries for the created .class file. Step – 4: Run the application in a Web browser to see the output. Algorithm: Step – 1: Import the following java packages: java.io.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http.*; Step – 2: Create a SessionTracker class that extends HttpServlet. Step – 3: Override the doGet method as stated below: 3.1: Set the response content type (text / html). 3.2: Create a output object of the PrintWriter class. 3.3: Get the current session object, create one if necessary 3.4: Increment the hit count for this page. This value is saved in this client’s session under a name, for example, “tracker.count”. 3.5: Display the hit count for this page.

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Sample Output:

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Exercise 8

Simple Query Execution using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to use a simple query to connect to a database such as Oracle and execute a select query to display the result set. Procedure: Step – 1: Select a database that you wish to connect to. Step – 2: Create a user Data Source Name (DSN) for Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) in the control panel with necessary parameters. Step – 3: Write the Servlet code indicating the connection string like Data Source name, User Name, and Password. Step – 4: Write code to execute the query within the Servlet or JSP program. Step – 5: Write code in the Servlet or JSP program to display the result in the browser window. Step – 6: Close the application. Algorithm: Step - 1: Import the following packages: java.io.*; java.sql.*; javax.servlet.*; javax.servlet.http.*; Step - 2: Create a class that extends HttpServlet Step - 3: Override the doGet method as follows: 3.1 Declare and initialize Connection, Statement, and ResultSet object variables. 3.2 Define the output content type (MIME) 3.3 Declare an output object variable of PrintWriter Stream. 3.4 Load and Register the Driver (Example: Oracle) using Class.forName() method. Sikkim Manipal University

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3.5 Get a connection to the database using getConnection method of the DriverManager class with the required parameters. 3.6 Create statement object to apply the data processing operations. 3.7 Execute the SQL query and get the resultset using executeQuery() method of statement object. 3.8 Display the result set using appropriate HTML tags. 3.9 Write catch blocks for catching exceptions 3.10 Write the closing of connection statements within the finally blocks. Sample Output:

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Exercise 9

Generating a HTML table based on Query Results using Servlets

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to generate a HTML page based on the results of a query. Procedure: If we desire to display the results of a query in an HTML table, it would be nice to have some Java code that builds the table automatically from the ResultSet rather than having to write the same loop-and-display code over and over. The ResultSetMetaData interface provides a way for a program to learn about the underlying structure of a query result on the fly. We can use it to build an object that dynamically generates an HTML table from a ResultSet. Algorithm: Step – 1: Import the following java packages: java.io.*; java.sql.*; Step – 2: Create a class and declare a ResultSet object variable. Step – 3: In the constructor of the class, use the this variable to initialize the current instance of the resultset. Step – 4: Create a public method toString() that returns a String object. 4.1: Declare an output variable of StringBuffer class. 4.2: Start a table to display the result. 4.3: Declare a ResultSetMetaData object and use getMetaData() method to retrieve the meta data of the table.

its

4.4: Declare an integer variable and initialize it with the column count of the table. 4.5: Title the table with the result set’s column label. 4.6: End the table 4.7: Write a code block to handle exceptions.

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Exercise 10

Servlet Life Cycle Demo

Objective: After completing this exercise, you should be able to use various Servlet life cycle stages in various applications. Procedure: To complete this exercise, you need to perform the following steps: Step – 1: Create a .java file Step – 2: Compile the .java file and place it in appropriate folders Step – 3: Create a .HTML File and place it in webapps\userfolder\classes Step – 4: Make entries in the web.xml file Step – 5: Run the application Algorithm: The lifecycle consists of the following methods: 1. init() method: Once the Servlet has been instantiated, the Web container calls the init() method. This method allows Servlet perform any required initialization before being invoked against HTTP requests. 2 service() method: This is the entry point for executing application logic in a Servlet. The container calls this method in response to incoming requests. Only after the Servlet has been successfully initialized will the service() method be called. 3. destroy() method: The container calls this method before removing a Servlet instance out of service. This might occur if it needs to free some memory or the Web server is being shut down. Before the container calls this method, it will give the remaining service() threads time to finish executing. Step – 1: Import the Servlet packages. Step – 2: Write code for doPost() method. Step –3: Use the request.getParameter() method to get the parameters. Step – 4: Create a response stream print object to print the content. Step – 5: Set the content type (MIME) to be printed. Step – 6: Obtain a print write object. Step – 7: Write the code to print the response using PrintWriter object. Step – 8: Write code for Service method for request processing Step – 9: Write code for destroy method Step – 10: Create a web.xml file and with definitions for and Sikkim Manipal University

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Exercise 11

Hello World using JSP

Objective: This exercise is intended to display the string message "Hello World" every time it is accessed via a web browser with JSP. Problem Statement: Display the text Hello World using JSP Tags. Procedure: The following steps guide you the process of running the application. Step – 1: Use an editor like notepad to type in the code for the JSP page.. Step – 2: Save the file as HelloWorld.jsp in the Java bin directory. Step – 3: Copy the .jsp file of Step -2 into webapps/user folder. Step – 4: Execute the application in a browser as shown below: Sample Outputs

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Exercise 12

Date Display using JSP

Objective: This exercise demonstrates the display of current date and time using JSP. Procedure: 1. Write the JSP Code in a notepad file and save it as Date.jsp file in the bin directory of your Java Installation. 2. Copy the same file Date.jsp in the “\Tomcat 5.5\webapps\ ourfoldername”. 3. Open the browser window and type in the URL of the jsp file. 4. Create a new Date object from java.util package (java.util.Date()). Sample Output:

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Exercise 13

Include Directive Demo using JSP

Objective: After the completion of this exercise, you should be able to demonstrate and apply the concepts of file inclusions in a server program. Problem Statement: Write a .jsp file requests the inclusion, during compilation, of a copy right file containing HTML disclaimers. Procedure: The include directive instructs the container to include the content of the resource in the current JSP, by inserting it, in the JSP in place of the directive. The file specified should be accessible and available to the JSP container. Syntax:

Step – 1: Write a JSP file for inclusion of the sample HTML file. Step – 2: Place this JSP file in the appropriate directories. Step – 3: Write the .HTML file and place it in the appropriate directories. Step – 4: Run the JSP file in the Web Browser.

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Server Side Programming – Practical

Exercise 14

Scriptlets Demo using JSP

Objective: After the completion of this exercise, you should be able to demonstrate and apply the concepts of scriptlets in a server program. Problem Statement: Write a scriptlet that executes a loop 10 times, printing out a message each time to the browser window (using the implicit object out) and to the System.out stream (i.e. to the console window within which Tomcat is running). Procedure: A Scriptlet is a block of Java code that is executed during the request – processing time, and is enclosed between tags. What the Srciptlet actually does depends on the code itself and can include producing output for the client. Multiple scriptlets are combined in the generated Servlet class in the order they appear in the JSP. Scriptlets, like any other Java code block or method, can modify objects inside them as a result of method invocations. In Tomcat, all the code appearing between the tags in the JSP gets put into the service() method of the Servlet, as is, in the order in which it appeared. It is therefore processed for every request that the Servlet receives. Syntax:



Step – 1: Write the JSP file containing the sriptlet code. Step – 2: Place this JSP file in the appropriate directories. Step – 3: Run the JSP file in the Web Browser.

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Acknowledgements, References and Suggested Readings: 1) Armstrong, E., Ball, J. et al. The J2EE™ 1.4 Tutorial. 2) Bergsten, H. (2000). Java Server Pages, First Edition. O'Reilly. 3) Farley, J. Java Distributed Computing. O'Reilly. 4) Harold, E. and Means, W.S. XML in a Nutshell. O'Reilly. 5) Hunter, J. and Crawford, W. (1998). Java Servlet Programming, First edition. O'Reilly. 6) McLaughlin, B. Java and XML. O'Reilly. 7) Neimeyer, P. and Knudsen, J. Learning Java (formerly Exploring Java). O'Reilly. Web Sites: 1) Go through Sun Java™ System Application Server Platform Edition 8 Developer’s Guide at http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/817-6087 for information about developer features of the Application Server. 2) Go through Sun Java™ System Application Server Platform Edition 8 Administration Guide at http://docs.sun.com/db/doc/817-6088 for information about administering the Application Server. 3) Oracle, JDeveloper http://www.oracle.com/java/ A development environment for Java-based database applications with support for JSP-based user interfaces. 4) VisualAge for Java (IBM), http://www-4.ibm.com/software/ad/vajava/ An IDE with support for servlet and JSP debugging as well as a wizard for generation of template code. Available for Windows and Linux. 5) Tomcat (Apache Software Foundation), http://jakarta.apache.org Tomcat is the official reference implementation for the Servlet and JSP specifications, developed as an open source product in the Apache Jakarta project.

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Guidelines

Guidelines for the Conduct of Practical Exercises The course titled “Server Side Programming – Practical” bearing the subject code BT0085 has a weightage of 2 credits and the practical related activities have to be performed for a duration of 60 Hours. The time allotment for the same has been indicated in Table 1. It contains 14 Exercises as given in Table 2. Guided and Unguided Exercises The time allocated for various components is given below. The practical component of “BT0085 – Server Side Programming – Practical” has to be completed within 7 days of 14 sessions; each session has to be for a minimum of 3 hours. You are advised to consult the LC Faculty for the detailed practical schedule. Table 1: Time allotment for practical activities Type of Activity

Day(s) Sessions

Hours

Guided Exercises

7

14

42

Unguided

0.5

1

3

Self Study and Preparation of Record

–

–

15

Total

7.5

15

60

In the course of these Exercises, the Learning Centre Faculty will provide you guidance, arrange for demonstration (wherever necessary), and clarify your doubts. You are required to follow the instructions provided by the LC Faculty and observe the demonstration exercises, carry out the exercises, prepare the Practical Record in accordance with the guidelines mentioned and submit the Practical Record to your Learning Centre Faculty. Each Exercise has assessment component, which will be carried out by the LC Faculty. Your attendance is compulsory for these Exercises. The assessment during the Guided sessions account for 70 marks (out of a total of 100 marks for 2 credit Practical subject). In short, during these Guided Exercises, the Learning Centre faculty will offer you guidance and also perform time-to-time assessment of the work done.

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Guidelines

The end semester examination will be conducted by the CoE for three hours for 30 marks, which forms the Unguided Exercise(s) (UGE), where one or more problem(s) will be assigned to you. The exercise prescribed as unguided could be based on the concepts underlying guided exercises, but need not be exactly the same. To complete the lab course successfully, you have to score a combined average of 40% (i.e., 40 marks) in both Guided and Unguided parts together and a minimum of 35% in each part (i.e., 25 in marks in Guided part and 11 marks in Unguided part). In case of failure in either or both the parts, you have to redo the concerned part(s).

Instructions Each exercise should be performed based on the algorithm outlined. The faculty or the instructor at the LC should demonstrate the execution process of the software involved. The student should be motivated to produce the desired output from each exercise and these outputs should be recorded in the individual student report. All the student records should contain the following details with respect to each and every exercise.  Objective: It should contain a one or two line description of the problem being solved and the methods or procedures followed.  Procedure: Contains the steps followed to achieve the desired objective.  Algorithm: A pseudo-code should be written presenting the steps involved in solving the problem, wherever applicable.  The detailed executable version of the program should be written by hand and a print out of these executable versions along with sample outputs should be taken; which should be signed by the concerned LC Faculty on the date of completion of the exercise and other details should be recorded as per the table mentioned below.  A record of the work done should be submitted at the end semester examination.

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Guidelines

Exercises The following is the list of experiments to be completed by the students within the timeline specified by the Learning Center. The detailed algorithm is outlined in the exercises given in Table 2. Table 2: List of Exercises S.No.

Title of the Exercise

1.

Installation, Configuration and Execution of a Servlet

2.

Execution of a JSP page

3.

Hello World using Servlets

4.

Search for prime numbers using Servlets

5.

A Simple Cookie using Servlets

6.

Reading HTML Form Parameters using Servlets

7.

Servlet Session Tracking

8.

Simple Query Execution using Servlets

9.

Generating a HTML table based on Query Results using Servlets

10.

Servlet Life Cycle Demo

11.

Hello World using JSP

12.

Date Display using JSP

13.

Include Directive Demo using JSP

14

Scriptlets Demo using JSP

Date

Duration (in Hrs)

Remarks

Faculty Name:

Faculty Signature:

Lab Administrator Name:

Lab Administrator Signature:

*External Examiner Name: *External Examiner Signature: (* To be done at the time of final external examination)

Note: Each exercise carries a uniform weightage of 5 Marks.

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Guidelines

Marks Allotment Exercise Type

Marks Allotted

Minimum Pass Marks

Guided Exercises

70 (14 * 5)

25

Unguided Exercises (External Examination)

30

11

Total Practical Marks 100

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Aggregate: 40%

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