Electric Stimulation of Bone Growth and Repair Edited by

F. Burny E. Herbst M. Hinsenkamp

With 58 Figures

Spri nger-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978

Editors Franz Burny, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique Osseuse, HOpital Universitaire Brugmann, B-Bruxelles Ewa Herbst, Department of Applied Electronics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-Goteborg Maurice Hinsenkamp, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique Osseuse, HOpital Universitaire Brugmann, B-Bruxelles

ISBN-13:978-3-S40-08S0S-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-81193-7 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-81193-7

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re·use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exem pt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2127/3130-543210

Preface

The first European Symposium on Electric Stimulation of Bone Growth and Repair was held in Brussels on May 20, 1976. The meeting was sponsored by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Interdisciplinary Bone Biomechanics Unit of the University of Brussels, and the Department of Applied Electronics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg. The aims of the Symposium were to create and organize communication between European laboratories in the field of electric stimulation of healing processes and generally to promote international collaboration in this field. Spring 1978

The Organizing Committee F. BURNY, Brussels

E. HERBST, Goteborg M. HINSENKAMP, Brussels

Contents

Electric Stimulation of Bone Growth and Repair: A Review of Different Stimulation Methods E. HERBST. With 5 Figures ....•.••..•...........•........... Four-Point Measurement of the Impedance of Bone in Vivo W. SANSEN, F. De DIJCKER, S. STAN, and J.C. MULIER t"Jith 4 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 15 In Vitro Study of Electric Impedance of Bone B. DURAND, P. CHRISTEL, and J. ASSAILLY. With 5 Figures .... 19 Achievements and Discrepancies in Understanding Bone Electric Phenomena T. CIESZYNSKI. With 2 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Physicochemical Effect of an Electric Potential on Bone Growth R. WOLLAST, M. HINSENKAMP, and F. BURNY. With 4 Figures ...• 29 Influence of Magnetic Fields on Growth and Regeneration in Organ Culture H. GERBER, J. CORDEY, and S.M. PERREN. With 2 Figures ...... 35 Effect of the Magnetic Field Component of the Kraus-Lechner Method on the Healing of Experimental Nonunions in Dogs H. BLUMLEIN, J. McDANIEL, and S.M. PERREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 41 Plated Cortices and Electric Potentials M. WEIGERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Effect of Direct Current on the Healing of Fractures S. STAN, J.C. MULIER, W. SANSEN, and P. DeWAELE t"Jith 6 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Electric Stimulation of Osteogenesis: I. Experimental Study of Bone Healing in the Rabbit Tibia II. Clinical Study in Two Cases of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia G. von SATZGER and E. HERBST. With 6 Figures ...•......••... 55 Hypothesis of Bone Remodelling and Fracture Healing by Electrostimulation L.W.M. JANSSEN, J.M.M. ROELOFS, W.J. VISSER, and P. WITTEBOL. With 8 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . •

61

VIII

Electrochemical Phenomena Related to Electrodes Used for Stimulation of Bone Formation J. CORDEY', S. STEINEMANN, and S.M. PERREN With 7 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Corrosion of Implants During Electric Stimulation of Fracture Healing M. HINSENKAMP, F. BU&~Y, J. JEDWAB, and R. BOURGOIS Wi th 9 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Necessity of Electric Standardization of Surgical Implants T. CIESZYNSKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Subj ect Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

List of Contributors

AS SAl LLY, J.

Centre de Technologie Biomedicale, I.N.S.E.R.M. SCR4 Hopital Necker, 161 Rue de Sevres, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France

BLUMLEIN, H.

Laboratory for Experimental Surgery, Swiss Research Institute, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

BOURGOIS, R.

Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique Osseuse, Hopital Universitaire Brugmann, 4, Place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgiqu

BURNY, F.

Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique Osseuse, Hopital Universitaire Brugmann, 4, Place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgiqu

CHRISTEL, P.

Hopital Lariboisiere, 2 Rue Ambroise Pare, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France

CIESZYNSKI, T.

Institute of Surgery of the Medical Academy, Wroc;raw, Poland

CORDEY, J.

Laboratory for Experimental Surgery, Swiss Research Institute, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

DE DIJCKER, F.

Department Elektrotechniek Afd. Fysica en Elektronica van de Halfgeleiders, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 94, 3030 Heverlee, Belgium

DURAND, B.

Centre de Technologie Biomedicale, I.N.S.E.R.M. SCR4 Hopital Necker, 161 Rue de Sevres, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France

GERBER, H.

Laboratory for Experimental Surgery, Swiss Research Institute, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

HERBST, Ewa

Department of Applied Electronics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

HINSENKAMP, M.

Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecani~ue Osseuse, Hopital Universitaire Brugmann, 4, Place Van Gehuchten, 1020 Bruxelles, Belgiql

x JANSSEN, L.W.M.

Department of Surgery, University of Utrecht, Catherijnesingel 101, Utrecht, the Netherlands

JEDWAB, J.

Interdisciplinary Bone Biomechanics Unit, Brussels, Belgium Universite Libre de Bruxelles - Ecole Royale Militaire, Bruxelles, Belgique

McDANIEL, J.

Laboratory for Experimental Surgery, Swiss Research Institute, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

MULIER, J.C.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

PERREN, S.M.

Laboratory for Experimental Surgery, Swiss Research Institute, 7270 Davos, Switzerland

ROELOFS, J.M.M.

Department of Medical and Physiological Physics, Physical Laboratory, University of Utrecht, Sorbonnelaan 4, Utrecht, the Netherlands

SANSEN, W.

Department Elektrotechniek Afd. Fysica en Elektronica van de Halfgeleiders, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 94, 3030 Heverlee, Belgium

von SATZGER, G.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery I, Sahlgren Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden

STAN, S.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

STEINEMANN, S.

Institut Ing. Dr. R. Straumann, 4437 Waldenburg, Switzerland

VISSER, W.J.

Department of Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal MediCine, University of Utrecht, Catherijnesingel 101, Utrecht, the Netherlands

DeWAELE, P.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

WEIGERT, M.

Urban Hospital, Berlin-West, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Germany

WITTEBOL, P.

Department of Surgery, University of Utrecht, Catherijnesingel 101, Utrecht, the Netherlands

WOLLAST, R.

Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biomecanique Osseuse, Universite Libre de Bruxelles Ecole Royale Militaire, Bruxelles, Belgique