BNCR RDC02: Refrigerated Display Cases Government Standards Evidence Base 2009: Reference Scenario
BNCR RDC02: Refrigerated Display Cases Government Standards Evidence Base 2009: Reference Scenario Version 1.1 This Briefing Note and referenced infor...
BNCR RDC02: Refrigerated Display Cases Government Standards Evidence Base 2009: Reference Scenario Version 1.1 This Briefing Note and referenced information is a public consultation document and will be used to inform Government decisions. The information and analysis forms part of the Evidence Base created by Defra’s Market Transformation Programme.
1 Introduction •
The Reference Scenario is a projection of what is likely to happen to energy consumption of refrigerated display cases (RDCs) if no new policies are implemented. All agreed and formally signed-off policies are included in the Reference Scenario.
1.1 Product definition •
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Refrigerated display cases (RDCs) are sales units designed to enable a customer to self-serve chilled or frozen foodstuffs. Both Remote and Plug-in display cases are covered by this Briefing Note. There are two generic types of RDC: plug-in and remote cases. Plug-in cases are equipped with a dedicated refrigeration system that is contained within the cabinet envelope and are mostly used in locations such as convenience stores and garage forecourts, although some supermarkets use multiple plug-in cases in place of a central system. Remote cases are connected via a pipe network to a central refrigeration system which draws refrigerant vapour from the case and supplies it with condensed refrigerant liquid. These systems are mostly used in supermarkets and discount stores1, with between 10 and 40 cases within a system. .
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These demarcations are not rigid. Some corner stores use remote cases and central refrigeration systems, and some large supermarkets chains have experimented with using plug-in cases.
Version: 1.1 First created: 06/04/2009 Updated: 15/06/2010 Last reviewed: 15/06/2010
• Generally cases display food under two conditions, frozen (‘low temperature) and chilled (‘high and medium temperature’). There are various configurations of cases used for both temperatures. These are: − Vertical open fronted: food is displayed on tiered shelving from waist to head height. Used for both chilled and frozen food but chilled use predominates. − Horizontal open top: food is contained in an insulated well at waist height and accessed by the customer from above. May be open or covered by a sliding cover. Mostly used for frozen food. − Glass door cases: these are vertical cases currently used for frozen food although their use is being proposed for chilled food. The food is stored in a case behind a triple glazed glass door which is opened by the customer. • The Preparatory Study for the Eco-design of ErPs – Lot 122 has identified two representative generic cases: a vertical chilled multi-deck case and a horizontal welltype freezer. The chilled multi-deck is representative of the medium temperature cases modelled in this study and the well-type freezer is representative of the low temperature cases modelled.
2 Scenario outputs
Figure 1 Scenario outputs
2
Preparatory Study for the Eco-design of ErPs – Lot 12 Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers Final Report December 2007.
Version: 1.1 First created: 06/04/2009 Updated: 15/06/2010 Last reviewed: 15/06/2010
Table 1 Energy consumption3 and CO2 emissions4 Energy Consumption (GWh)
2009
2020
2030
RDC-Int
4650
3560
3370
RDC-Ext
3290
2960
2850
TOTAL
7940
6520
6220
RDC-Int
2.00
1.53
1.45
RDC-Ext
1.42
1.27
1.23
TOTAL
3.41
2.80
2.67
CO2 Emissions (MtCO2)
Table 2 Energy consumption of RDCs compared to other commercial refrigeration products Energy consumption % of sector total energy 2009 (GWh) Packaged chillers 16,800 56% Refrigerated display cases 7,900 26% Service cabinets 1,800 6% Walk in coldrooms 2,000 7% Refrigerated Vending machines 650 2% Ice makers 510 2% Cellars 400 1% Total 30,060 100%
In terms of energy consumption, RDCs are the second largest area in the commercial refrigeration sector, representing 26% of the total consumption for the sector. • A recent study5 estimates the 2008 energy consumption of all display cases to be between 5,800 and 12,700 GWh per year. MTP estimates fall approximately midway in this range. •
3 Energy consumption figures for the non-domestic sector in the ‘Product policy analysis and projections 2010’ document were scaled down to match DECC projections for overall energy demand (www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx).
MTP data represents the best currently available information based on a bottom-up modelling approach. MTP’s data is the basis for detailed energy calculations in the ‘Product policy analysis and projections 2010’ document. However, DECC projections indicate that overall energy demand in the non-domestic sector is lower than projected by MTP’s detailed models. MTP has assumed that the differences between the DECC overall projections and its detailed bottom-up projections are due to incomplete data on the following inputs for some of its non-domestic products: • existing product stock; • existing product efficiency; • product usage. The energy consumption figures in these GSBNs have not been scaled down, in order to enable constructive stakeholder comment on the MTP input data, and therefore differ from the ones presented in the ‘Product policy analysis and projections 2010’ document. 4 Refer to BNXS01 Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors for UK Energy Use for details on factors used. 5 Improving the Energy Efficiency of Food Refrigeration Operations SJ James et al. Paper given at the Institute of Refrigeration (UK ) on 5th February 2009 Version: 1.1 First created: 06/04/2009 Updated: 15/06/2010 Last reviewed: 15/06/2010
• This study also estimates that between 34-52% of the total energy used in food refrigeration of all non-domestic categories in the UK is due to refrigerated display cases.
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Current policy & measures
Table 3 Current policies & measures, Reference Scenario Policy name
Period Description in force
Impact
Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) Scheme
2004 to 2009
The impact of the ECA scheme is thought to be limited. It is difficult to determine the impact due to uncertainty surrounding test procedures
Display cases are listed if their energy performance exceeds prescribed thresholds for different temperature bands. Cases must be tested under EN ISO 23953-22005. See Table 4 Below for ECA thresholds Listing enables purchasers to receive 100% tax relief in the first year.
ECA limits are intended to capture the top 10-20% of the market in efficiency terms, although take up within this market share maybe as low as 10%. (i.e. 1-2% of total market) ECA eligibility is thought by manufacturers to serve as an endorsement of the product, which may boost sales
Table 4 ECA thresholds for different display case types Classification according to temperature MO M1 M2 H1 H2 L1 L3
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EEI Performance thresholds (kWh/24 hrs/m2) Plug-in type Remote type
